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Aurelia Walczak-Drzewiecka,¹ Janina Wyczólkowska,¹ and Jaroslaw Dastych²

¹Department of Biogenic Amines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland; ²Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Upon contact with allergen, sensitized mast cells release highly active proinflammatory mediators. Allergen-mediated mast cell activation is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of atopic asthma. Asthmatic patients are especially susceptible to air pollution. Epidemiologic studies found a positive correlation between severity of symptoms among asthmatic patients and the level of particulate matter (PM) in the air. Among the constituents of PM are metals and transition metals, which could mediate some of its adverse effects on human health. We sought to determine the effect of metal and transition metal ions on allergen-mediated mast cell activation. We observed that several metal and transition metal ions activated mast cells and enhanced allergen-mediated mast cell activation. Thus, Al³⁺, Cd²⁺, and Sr²⁺ induced release of granule-associated N-acetyl-ß-d-hexosaminidase, and Al³⁺ and Ni²⁺ enhanced antigen-mediated release. Metal and transition metal ions also induced significant secretion of interleukin (IL) -4 and increased antigen-mediated IL-4 secretion in mast cells. These effects of metal and transition metal ions on mast cells were observed at concentrations that do not result in direct cytotoxicity and might be relevant for environmental exposure. Thus, metals and transition metals could increase the level of allergen-mediated mast cell activation, which might be one of the mechanisms mediating exacerbation of allergen-driven asthma symptoms by air pollution. Key words: allergy, asthma, mast cell, IL-4, metals, PM, particulate matter, transition metals. Environ Health Perspect 111:708-713 (2003) .