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Innovations for Existing Plants
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Innovations for Existing Plants
CO₂ Emissions Control
Water-Energy Interface
Mercury Emissions Control
Coal Utilization By-Products

Air Quality Research
PM Emissions Control
Adv. NOx Emissions Control
Research & Development

Innovations for Existing Plants

Overview Publications:

IEP, Recent Accomplishments Report - [PDF-1.3MB] (Oct 2007)
IEP Roadmap & Program Plan [PDF-1.2MB] (May 2006)
DOE/NETL'S Innovations for Existing Plants R&D Program [PDF-42KB] (Feb 2005)
Improving the Environmental Performance of Today's Coal-Fired Power Plants
This paper provides an overview of the Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program, managed by the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory. IEP develops advanced low-cost environmental control technologies for the existing fleet of coal-fired power plants, specifically focusing on the development of advanced mercury, NOx, PM, and acid gas emission control technology. Research is also directed at the characterization and beneficial use of coal utilization byproducts as well as at emerging electric-utility and water issues.
Coal and Power Systems: Innovations for Existing Plants Roadmap [PDF-350KB] (Nov 2002)
Knowledge and Technology Products for Clean Power
Air Quality III Conference
Papers & presentations from the September 2002 Conference.
The Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM) (Oct 2001)
A model developed by CMU for assessing emission control technology.
Electric Utility Engineer's FGD Manual Volume I [PDF-24MB] (Mar 4, 1996)
FGD Process Design
Electric Utility Engineer's FGD Manual Volume II [PDF-24MB] (Mar 4, 1996)
Major Mechanical Equipment; FGD Proposal Evaluations; USE of FGDPRISM in FGD System Modification, Proposal Evaluation, and Design; FGD System Case Study
Innovations for Existing Power Plants [PDF-2.1MB]
Enabling Clean, Abundant, and Affordable Power for the Nation

CO₂ Emissions Control

NETL Program Overview Papers:

DOE's Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Program [PDF-354KB] (Dec 2007)
This paper was included in the proceedings of the 2007 POWER-GEN International conference.
Advances in CO₂ capture technology—The U.S. Department of Energy’s Carbon Sequestration Program [PDF-1MB] (Sept 2007)
Paper published in Elsevier's International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.

NETL Technical Papers:

Advanced Amine Solvent Formulations and Process Integration for Near-Term CO₂ Capture Success Final Report [PDF-1.6MB] (June 2007)
Final Report for Work Performed Under Grant No.: DE-FG02-06ER84625
Thermal and Chemical Stability of Regenerable Solid Amine Sorbent for CO₂ Capture [PDF- 235KB] (May 2006) Paper published in Energy & Fuels
Improved Immobilized Carbon Dioxide Capture Sorbents [PDF- 135KB] (2005)
Paper published in Fuel Processing Technology
Carbon Dioxide Capture by Diamine-Grafted SBA-15: A Combined Fourier Transform Infrared and Mass Spectrometry Study [PDF- 375KB] (Mar 2005)
Paper published in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
CO₂ Capture by Amine-Enriched Fly Ash Carbon Sorbents [PDF- 485KB] (2004)
Paper published in Separation Purification Technology
In-Situ Infrared Study of CO₂ Adsorption on SBA-15 Grafted with γ-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane [PDF- 183KB] (Feb 2003)
Paper published in Energy & Fuels
Separation and Capture of CO₂ from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations—Coalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers [PDF-18MB] (June 2003)
Paper published as a Critical Review for the Air & Waste Management Association.

NETL Presentations:

"Novel Flexible Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture” [PDF-514KB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration
"Strategies for Improving Efficiencies in Oxy-Combustion Retrofits" Poster Presentation [PDF-3.5MB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration
"Upcoming Priorities for DOE's Innovations for Existing Power Plants R&D Program" [PDF-2MB] (May 2008)
Presented at the 2008 Institute of Clean Air Companies Annual Meeting.
"Carbon Capture R&D: DOE/NETL R&D Program" [PDF-1.9MB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration.
"DOE's Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Program" [PDF-1.6MB] (Dec 2007)
Presented at the 2007 POWER-GEN International conference.
"DOE's Perspectives on Carbon Capture and Storage - Directions, Challenges, and Opportunities" [PDF-1.8MB] (Nov 2007)
Presented at the American Conference Institute's Carbon Capture & Storage conference.
"Oxycombustion Technology Research and the National Energy Technology Laboratory Carbon Sequestration Program" [PDF-1.8MB] (Nov 2007)
Presented at the 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineer's Annual Meeting.
"U.S. Department of Energy's Coal Technology R&D Programs - Responding to Climate Change" [PDF-3.7MB] (May 2007)
Presentation to the Irish Government and Environment/Energy sectors.
"An update of NETL's Carbon Capture and Sequestration Program" [PDF-2.1MB] (Apr 2007)
Presented at the 2007 Electric Power conference.

NETL Factsheets:

Non-NETL Related Publications:

"Evaluation of Ionic Liquids in Post-Combustion CO₂ Capture" [PDF-1.3MB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration held May 5-8, 2008, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
"An Integrated Approach for Oxy-fuel Combustion with CO₂ Capture and Compression" Poster Presentation [PDF-991KB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration
"High-sulfur Coal Desulfurization for Oxyfuels Presentation" [PDF-1.5MB] (May 2008)
Presented at the Seventh Annual Conference on Carbon Capture and Sequestration
"Development of New Post-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Solvents: Are Ionic Liquids the Answer?" [PDF-3.2MB] (Apr 2008)
Presented at the 235th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting held April 6-8, 2008, in New Orleans, Louisiana
"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control by Oxygen Firing in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers" [PDF-1.3MB] (Mar 2003)
Presented at the 28th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Science held March 10-13, 2003, in Clearwater, Florida
"The Partnership for CO₂ Capture" [PDF-7.8MB] (Mar 2008)
Presented by UNDEERC staff at the project kickoff meeting.
"CO₂ Separation and Capture: Status, Issues, and Opportunities" [PDF-1MB] (Nov 2007)
Presented by Dr. Michael Jones, UNDEERC, at the American Conference Institute's Carbon Capture & Storage conference.

Water-Energy Interface

NETL Program Overview Papers:

DOE/NETL Power Plant-Water R&D Program [PDF-406KB] (2006)
This paper was presented at the 2006 Power Gen International Conference.
Department of Energy's Water-Energy Interface Research Program [PDF-534KB] (Apr 2006)
This paper describes DOE/IEP Program's RD&D activities of the Water-Energy Interface Research Program.
Addressing the Critical Link between Fossil Energy and Water: The Department of Energy/Office of Fossil Energy's Water-Related Research, Development, and Demonstration Program [PDF-828KB] (Oct 2005)
This paper presents background information on the link between energy and water and summarizes the current water-related RD&D activities currently being sponsored by DOE/FE and implemented by the NETL in the areas of fossil-fuel-based thermoelectric power generation, coal mining, and oil and natural gas production.
Department of Energy/Office of Fossil Energy's Power Plant Water Management R&D Program [PDF-297KB] (July 2005)
This paper provides background information on the relationship between water and thermoelectric power generation and describes the R&D activities currently being sponsored by DOE/NETL's IEP program to address current and future water-energy issues.
A DOE R&D Response to Emerging Coal By-Product and Water Issues in the Electric-Utility Industry [PDF-112KB] (Nov 17-19, 2003)
Paper on NETL's coal byproducts and power plant-water R&D activities presented at the Clean Coal and Power Conference.
Electric Utilities and Water: Emerging Issues and R&D Needs [PDF-164KB] (Apr 13-16, 2003)
Presented by Thomas J. Feeley at the 9th Annual Wastes Technical and Regulatory Conference.

NETL Technical Papers:

Water: A Critical Resource in the Thermoelectric Power Industry [PDF-426KB] (Elsevier's Energy Journal 2008)
Revised 2006 and 2007 Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirements Reports: Both the 2006 and 2007 Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirements reports have been revised. The most notable revision is to the reported water consumption values. The revised reports lists a lower amount of fresh water consumed for the 2005 baseline year and therefore lists lower water consumption for all proceeding years. This change is due to a refinement of the nuclear plant water usage factors.
- October 2007 [PDF-1.4MB]
- August 2006 [PDF-1.6MB]
Energy Demands on Water Resources: Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy and Water [PDF-2.5MB] (Dec 2006)
Identification of Incentive Options to Encourage the Use of Produced Water, Coal Bed Methane Water and Mine Pool Water [PDF-340KB] (Sept 2004)
This report examines the use of alternative water sources as potential solutions to the diminishing supply of water.
Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet 2025 Electricity Generating Capacity Forecasts [PDF-158KB] (June 2004)
Using EIA's 2004 Annual Energy Outlook reference case forecast for electricity generating capacity, this analysis estimates the demand thermoelectric power plants will have on freshwater resources through 2025 and compares these projections to current and past USGS water use estimates.
Use of Mine Pool Water for Power Plant Cooling [PDF-871KB] (Sept 2003)
This report provides a preliminary feasibility evaluation of using underground coal mine pool water for power plant cooling.
Paper on the Beneficial Use of Mine Pool Water for Power Generation [PDF-213KB] (Sept 13-17, 2003)
Energy Penalty Analysis of Possible Cooling Water Intake Structure Requirements on Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants [PDF-705KB] (Oct 2002)
Systems analysis of performance and energy impacts associated with retrofitting coal-fired power plants with alternative cooling technologies.
An Investigation of Site-Specific Factors for Retrofitting Recirculating Cooling Towers at Existing Power Plants [PDF-3.9MB] (Oct 2002)
A summary review of site‑specific issues related to the retrofit of recirculating cooling systems at existing power plants. The report also includes a January 2003 addendum that highlights the critical need to look specifically at individual sites and that more detailed, site‑specific issues can significantly affect the feasibility and cost of facility retrofits.

NETL Presentations:

Presentations from the NETL - Existing Plants Water Projects Meeting [PDF-29MB] (Oct 2008)
Water Usage Impacts of CO₂ Capture Technologies - Projections Through 2030 [PDF-2MB] (Jan 2008)
Presented at the EUEC Energy & Environment Conference.
Two presentations were given at the EUCI "A Water Constrained Future - How Power Producers Can Minimize Impacts in the West" conference, San Diego, California, May 2007

Estimating Freshwater Needs for Thermoelectric Power Plants Through 2030 [PDF-929KB]
DOE/NETL Power Plant Water Management R&D Program [PDF-2.6MB]

Estimating Freshwater Needs to Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirements in Western United States [PDF-1.6MB] (Mar 2007)
P resented at the First Western Forum on Energy & Water Sustainability in Santa Barbara, California
DOE/NETL Water & Power Plant Overview Mtg. [PDF-14MB] (June 2006)
DOE/NETL's Power Plant Water Management R&D Program – Responding to Emerging Issues [PDF-2.8MB] (Jan 2005)
Presented at the 8th Electric Utilities Environmental Conference (EUEC) in Tucson, Arizona.
Responding to Emerging Power Plant-Water Issues – DOE/NETL's R&D Program [PDF-2.9MB] (Oct 28-29, 2004)
Presented at the 3rd Annual West Virginia Water Conference.
Responding to Emerging Power Plant-Water Issues – DOE/NETL's R&D Program [PDF-4.8MB] (Sept 27-Oct 1, 2004)
Presented at the EPRI Environmental Sector Meetings.
Responding to Emerging Power Plant-Water Issues – DOE/NETL's R&D Program [PDF-9.2MB] (May 17-19, 2004)
Presented at the American Coal Council 2004 Spring Coal Forum in Dallas, Texas.
DOE/NETL’s R&D Response to Emerging Coal By-Product and Water Issues [PDF-593KB] (Nov 17-19, 2003)
Presentation on NETL's coal byproducts and power plant-water R&D activities presented at the Clean Coal and Power Conference.
Electric Utilities and Water: Emerging Issues and R&D Needs [PDF-1.8MB] (Apr 13-16, 2003)
Presented by Thomas J. Feeley at the 9th Annual Wastes Technical and Regulatory Conference.
Tutorial on Electric Utility Water Issues [PDF-285KB] (Mar 10, 2003)
Presentations on Electric Utility and Water Issues, 28th Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems Conference, presented by Thomas J. Feeley, III
Current and Future Water Regulatory Issues Affecting Electric Utilities [PDF-2.1MB] Presented by Ron Hix.
NETL's Water-Energy R&D Activities [PDF-1.5MB] (Feb 27, 2003)
Presentation to the Laboratory Energy Research and Development Working Group (LERDWG) on NETL's Water for Energy research activities in Washington D.C.
DOE-NETL Electric Utility-Water R&D Program [PDF-903KB]
Presentation to EPRI Water Advisory Council on DOE-NETL Electronic Utility-Water R&D Program in Milwaukee, WI. (Sept 2002)

NETL Factsheets:

Reduction of Water Use in Wet FGD Systems [PDF-1.1MB] (Nov 2006)
Recovery of Water from Boiler Flue Gas [PDF-203KB] (Nov 2006)
NETL's Energy-Water RD&D Activities Brochure [PDF-2.1MB] (Oct 2006)
Innovative Approaches and Technologies for Improved Power Plant Water Management, November 2005 Project Awards [PDF-2.2MB] (Mar 2006)
Strategies for Cooling Electric Generating Facilities Utilizing Mine Water: Technical and Economic Feasibility [PDF-2MB] (Aug 2005)
Innovative Approaches and Technologies for Improved Power Plant Water Management [PDF-206KB] (Jan 2005)
Environmentally-Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling Fact Sheet [PDF-308KB] (Sept 2004)
A Holistic Approach to Addressing Environmental Issues in Appalachia [PDF-1.1MB] (Sept 2002)
This fact sheet describes a project that is intended to demonstrate the potential to create novel ecosystem goods and services by recycling impacted mined lands in Appalachia.

Non-NETL Related Publications:

Use of Reclaimed Water for Power Plant Cooling [PDF-1MB]
A report has been completed on the use of treated municipal wastewater, also known as “reclaimed water”, as an alternative to freshwater to use for cooling and process water in electric generating facilities. The report includes a database of facilities using this water source, regulatory requirements that federal and state agencies have imposed to govern reuse of reclaimed water, additional treatment that may be required before a power plant can use reclaimed water, and a site visit to the Panda-Brandywine power plant located near Washington, DC that uses reclaimed water as cooling tower makeup.
News Article Featuring NETL Sponsored Zebra Mussel Project
Updated Brochure on NETL's Energy-Water RD&D Activities [PDF-638KB] (Apr 2006)
This brochure describes research and development activities at DOE/NETL that are designed to address existing and emerging water-energy issues.
The Economics of Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane Development [PDF-1MB] (Jan 2006)
Finding Technological Solutions to the Energy-Water Nexus [PDF-56KB] (Aug 29, 2005)
Published in IAGS's Energy Security Newsletter.
Water & Energy: Addressing the Critical Link between the Nation's Water Resources and Reliable Secure Energy [PDF-348KB] (Feb 2004)
This brochure describes NETL's capabilities and competencies directed at the intimate link between water and energy.
Selections made under Innovative Water Management Techniques and Concepts for Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers Solicitation. (Aug 6, 2003)
Electric Utilities and Water: Emerging Issues and R&D Needs (July 2002)
Conference proceedings from the July 23-24, 2002 workshop held in Pittsburgh, PA.
Electric Utilities and Water: Emerging Issues and R&D Needs [PDF-30KB] (Apr 13-16, 2003)
Presented at Water Environment Federation, 9th Annual Industrial Wastes Technical and Regulatory Conference, San Antonio, TX

Mercury Emissions Control

NETL Program Overview Papers:

DOE/NETL's Mercury Control Technology Field Testing Program - Partnering for Success [PDF-36KB] (Mar 2008)
Published in the American Coal Ash Association's Ash at Work publication (Issue 2)
Developing Mercury Control Technology for Coal-Fired Power Plants - From Concept to Commercial Reality [PDF-700KB] (Sept 2008)
Published in the Main Group Chemistry journal (Volume 7, Issue 3, pages 169-179)
An Update on DOE/NETL's Mercury Control Technology Field Testing Program [PDF-328KB] (July 2008)
2007 Mercury Control Technology Conference Proceedings (Dec 2007)
2006 Mercury Control Technology Conference Proceedings (Dec 2006)
Mercury Capture and Fate Using Wet FGD at Coal-Fired Power Plants [PDF-550KB] (Aug 2006)
This paper describes NETL's R&D efforts to optimize Hg capture in FGD systems and to characterize the fate of mercury in the resultant by-products.
Preliminary Economic Analysis of Activated Carbon Injection [PDF-1.3MB] (Apr 2006)
DOE/NETL's Mercury Control Technology R&D Program Review Conference Proceedings (July 2005)
Field Testing of Mercury Control Technologies for Coal-Fired Power Plants Final Draft [PDF-828KB] (May 2005)
DOE/NETL's Mercury Control Technology R&D Program Review Conference Proceedings (July 14-15, 2004)
DOE/NETL & EPRI Sponsored Mercury Measurements Workshop Conference Proceedings (July 13, 2004)
Preliminary Cost Estimate of Activated Carbon Injection for Controlling Mercury Emissions from an Un-Scrubbed 500 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant [PDF-1.6MB] (Nov 2003)
TechLine entitled "DOE to Test Advanced Methods For Reducing Mercury Emissions" (Sept 11, 2003)
Mercury Control Technology R&D Program Review Meeting Conference Proceedings (Aug 12-13, 2003)
DOE/NETL's Current Mercury Ccontrol R&D Program [ PDF-817KB] (Apr 2003)
Phase II Mercury Field Test Needs [PDF-18KB] (Sept 12, 2002)
Meeting Summary with Utilities/Stakeholders following the wrap-up of Air Quality III in Arlington, Va.
Phase II Mercury Field Test Needs [PDF-57KB] (June 5, 2002)
Notes from the DOE/EPRI meeting held in Washington, DC.
Meeting Mercury Standards (June 18, 2001)
Novel Concepts Could Reduce Health Threat, Reduce Costs for Ratepayers
To help reduce concerns that harmful levels of mercury from coal power plants can collect in fish and marine mammals, the Department of Energy is joining with industry to develop high-tech ways to remove this pollutant before it enters the atmosphere.
New Technologies to Help Industry Meet Tighter Mercury Standards (Aug 14, 2000)
With health officials warning of mercury buildup in fish and marine mammals, the Energy Department's Fossil Energy program is preparing to award just over $5.5 million to companies proposing to test full-scale advanced mercury control methods at several of the nation's coal-fired power plants.

NETL Technical Papers:

Bench-scale Kinetics Study of Mercury Reactions in FGD Liquors [PDF-1.4MB] (Aug 2008)
Noble Metal Catalysts for Mercury Oxidation [PDF-734KB] (July 2008)
Preliminary Economic Analysis of Wet FGD Co-Benefit Enhancement Technologies [PDF-413KB] (May 2008)
UPDATED Economic Analysis of Activated Carbon Injection [PDF-1.7MB] (May 2007)
Further Investigation of the Impact of Sulfur Trioxide on Activated Carbon Injection Performance [PDF-47KB] (Nov 2007)
Impact of Sulfur Trioxide on Activated Carbon Performance [PDF-134KB] (Aug 2007)
The PCO Process for Removal of Mercury from Flue Gas [PDF-419KB] (Apr 2005)
Presented at the 30th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, in Clearwater, FL.
The Thief Process for Mercury Removal from Flue Gas [PDF-373KB] (Apr 2005)
Presented at the 30th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, in Clearwater, FL.
Evaluation of the Effect of SCR NOx Control Technology on Mercury Speciation [PDF-439KB] (Mar 2003)

NETL Presentations:

"U.S. DOE's Hg Control Technology RD&D Program--Significant Progress, But More Work to be Done!" [PDF-2.1MB] (June 23, 2006)
Presented at the A&WMA's 99th Annual Conference and Exhibition, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
"U.S. DOE's Hg Control Technology RD&D Program--Significant Progress But More Work to be Done" [PDF-2.1MB] (June 5-7, 2006)
Presented at the Third International Experts Workshop--Mercury Emissions form Coal, in Katowice, Poland.
"Fate of Mercury in Coal Byproducts--DOE's Mercury Control Technology Field Testing and Related Projects" [PDF-1.1MB] (Oct 31, 2005)
Presented at the Workshop on Mercury Control from Coal Combustion, in Beijing, China.
"An Update on the U.S. Department of Energy's Phase II Mercury Control Technology Field Testing Program" [PDF-1.87MB] (Oct 31, 2005)
Presented at the Workshop on Mercury Control from Coal Combustion, in Beijing, China.
"Status Report on U.S. DOE Mercury Control Technology Phase II Field Testing Program" [PDF-1.9MB] (May 2005)
Presented at the Mercury Experts' Conference 2 Conference in Ottawa.
An update of "U.S. Department of Energy's Mercury Control Technology R&D Program for Coal-Fired Boilers" [PDF-2.2MB] (Apr 26, 2005)
Presented at the Working Session of the New Hampshire House Science, Technology, & Energy Committee.
An update of DOE's Phase II Mercury Control Technology Field Testing Program. [PDF-251KB] (Mar 2005)
Presented at the American Coal Council's 2005 Mercury & Multi-Emissions Conference in St. Louis.
DOE's Hg Control Technology and Related Coal Utilization Byproducts Characterization Research [PDF-5.3MB] (Mar 17, 2005)
Presented at the Indiana Office of Air Quality Mercury Workshop.
"Mercury Emissions Control Technology--DOE's R&D Program" [PDF-1.8MB] (Dec 1, 2004)
Presented at the Power-Gen International 2004 Hg Control--Coping with Regulatory Uncertainty, in Orlando Florida.
"Mercury Emissions Control Technology--DOE'S R&D Program" [PDF-4.2MB] (Nov 4, 2004)
Presented at the American Chemical Society/American Institute of Chemical Engineers meeting.
"DOE-NETL's Mercury Control Technology R&D Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants" [PDF-3.5MB] (June 23, 2003)
Presented at the AWMA 97th Annual Conference & Exhibition Mercury and Power Generation Panel.
"DOE-NETL's Mercury Control Technology R&D Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants" [PDF-3.4MB] (May 12-13, 2004)
Presented at the Mercury Emissions from Coal 1st International Experts' Workshop in Glasgow Scotland.
Mercury and Multi-Emissions Compliance: Strategies and Tactics [PDF-1.6MB] (Mar 26-27, 2003)
Presented to the American Coal Council in Charlotte, N.C.
Presentation made at EPRI on DOE-NETL's Mercury R&D Program [PDF-3368KB] (Nov. 6-7, 2002)
"DOE/NETL's Phase II Plans for Full-Scale Mercury Removal Technology Field-Testing" [PDF-316KB] (Sept 12, 2002)
Presentation from the joint DOE/EPRI/EPA meeting with utilities on Phase II Mercury Field Test Needs held immediately following the wrap-up of Air Quality III in Arlington, VA.
Air Quality III: Mercury, Trace Elements, and Particulate Matter [PDF-432KB] (Sept 10, 2002)
Presented at Air Quality III: Mercury, Trace Elements, and Particulate Matter by Rita A. Bajura.
DOE/NETL's Mercury Emissions Control Technology R&D Program [PDF-783KB] (Aug 27-28, 2002)
Presentation on mercury control technology R&D program presented to the Lignite Energy Council and the lignite coal industry in Bismarck, North Dakota.
Mercury Reduction in Coal-Fired Power Plants: DOE's R&D Program [PDF-747KB] (Aug 21, 2002)
Presented at the ARIPPA Technical Symposium on

NETL Factsheets:

Mercury Control Technology Research Program [PDF-459KB] (Feb 2005)
This Program Fact Sheet provides background information and a description of the projects NETL is supporting in developing and testing advanced mercury control technologies as well efforts directed at understanding the fate of mercury in coal-fired electric utility boilers.
Phase II Field Testing of Advanced Mercury Control Technology [PDF-157KB] (Feb 2005)

Non-NETL Related Publications:

"Survey of Catalysts for Oxidation of Mercury in Flue Gas" [PDF-118KB] (Aug 9, 2006)
Paper was published in Environmental Science & Technology.
"A Kinetic Approach to the Catalytic Oxidation of Mercury" [PDF-60KB] (Aug 1, 2006)
Paper was published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.
"The Thief Process For Mercury Removal from Flue Gas" [PDF-252KB] (June 29, 2006)
Paper was accepted by the Journal of Environmental Management.
"Sorbents for Mercury Capture from Fuel Gas with Application to Gasification Systems" [PDF-40KB] (May 25, 2006)
Paper was published in the journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.
"A Technique to Control Mercury from Flue Gas: The Thief Process" [PDF-484KB] (May 1, 2006)
Paper was accepted to Fuel Processing Technology.
"The Role of Pressure Drop and Flow Redistribution on Modeling Mercury Control Using Sorbent Injection in Baghouse Filters" [PDF-292KB] (March 2006)
Paper was published in the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.
Background Information on Mercury Sources and Regulations (Mar 9, 2006)
This write-up provides an overview of mercury regulations at the state and federal levels.
"The PCO Process for Photochemical Removal of Mercury from Flue Gas" [PDF-1.7MB] (Dec 2005)
Paper was published in the Fuel Processing Technology Journal.
"Status of U.S. Department of Energy's Mercury Control Technology Field Testing Program" [PDF-1.1MB] (Oct 19-20, 2005)
Presented at EUCI's Navigating the Mercury Issue Conference, in Arlington, Virginia.
"Development and Testing of Mercury Control Technology for Coal-Fired Power Plants: A U.S. Department of Energy R&D Program" [PDF-2.6MB] (June 2005)
Presented at the Clean Air 2005 8th International Conference on Energy for a Clean Environment, in Lisbon, Portugal.
Powerspan issues a press release [PDF-152KB] on the GP-254 mercury control technology (Mar 9, 2004)
October issue of DOE This Month [PDF-73KB] featuring NETL's GP-254 UV process (Oct 2003)
"DOE-NETL's Mercury Control Technology Research Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants" [ PDF-1.5MB] (Oct 2003)
Published in EM Magazine, (A&WMA’s Magazine for Environmental Managers).
TechLine entitled "Innovative Mercury Removal Technique Shows Early Promise" (Aug 5, 2003)
Photochemical Removal of Mercury from Flue Gas [PDF-62KB] (Oct 2002)
A ppearing in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Volume 41, Issue 21.
EPA Mercury Study Report to Congress: Overview (Feb 8, 2001)
This report provides an assessment of U.S. mercury emissions by source, the health and environmental implication of the emissions, and the availability and cost control technologies.
News Releases (2001)
This page provides links to various news stories related to mercury in the environment.
EPA Decision to Regulate Mercury [PDF] (Dec 14, 2000)
This fact sheet covers the U.S. EPA's decision to regulate emissions of mercury and other air toxics from power plants.
Novel Sorbents For Mercury Removal From Flue Gas [PDF-151KB] (Apr 2000)
A laboratory-scale packed-bed reactor system used to screen sorbents for their capability to remove elemental mercury from various carrier gasses is discussed.
Effects of Photochemical Formation of Mercuric Oxide [PDF-44KB] (Dec 1999)
In this paper, the photochemistry of elemental mercury and oxygen is examined by using quartz flow reactors.
Mercury Reduction Case Studies (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority) (1998
This link provides case study information on reduction of mercury discharges to the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority sewage system.
Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program: Compendium HAPs Publications (1993-1998)
This page provides links to Hazardous Air Pollutant publications.

Coal Utilization By-Products

NETL Program Overview Papers:

Mercury Capture and Fate Using Wet FGD at Coal-Fired Power Plants [PDF-550KB] (Aug 2006)
This paper describes NETL's R&D efforts to optimize Hg capture in FGD systems and to characterize the fate of mercury in the resultant by-products.
A comprehensive summary [PDF-207KB] (July 2004) of NETL's research directed at the environmental characterization of coal utilization byproducts, with a focus on the fate of mercury, is now available.
DOE/NETL’s R&D Response to Emerging Coal By-Product and Water Issues [PDF-112KB] (Nov 17-19, 2003)
NETL's coal byproducts and power plant-water R&D activities presented at the Clean Coal and Power Conference.
Hg Control - The Effects on By-Products: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Workshop Proceedings (March 2002)

NETL Presentations:

"Fate of Mercury in Coal Utilization Byproducts" [PDF-2.9MB] (Aug 31-Sept 1, 2005)
Presented at the Coal Combustion Product Optimization Conference, Denver Colorado.
"Coal Combustion Products --Challenges to Increased Utilization" [PDF-1.1MB] (Aug 31-Sept 1, 2005)
Ppresented at the EUCI's Coal Combustion Product Optimization Conference, Denver, Colorado.
DOE/NETL’sCoal Utilization Byproduct R&D Program [PDF-1.8MB] (Jan 26-28, 2004)
Presentation made on NETL's Coal Utilization Byproducts R&D at the ACAA Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas.
DOE/NETL’s R&D Response to Emerging Coal By-Product and Water Issues [PDF-593KB] (Nov 17-19, 2003)
Presentation on NETL's coal byproducts and power plant-water R&D activities presented at the Clean Coal and Power Conference.
Coal Combustion Products: Challenges and Opportunities [PDF-208KB] (Jan 27-30, 2003)
Keynote address by Carl O. Bauer, Associate Director of the Office of Coal and Power Systems, presented at the American Coal Ash Association Conference in St. Petersburg, FL on January 27. The presentation speaks to the opportunities and challenges of increased use of coal combustion products and DOE/NETL's research efforts in response to environmentally sound use and disposal of coal combustion products.

NETL Factsheets:

Multi-Pollutant Emissions Control: Pilot Plant Study of Technologies for Reducing Hg, SO₃ , & NOx [PDF-548KB] (Feb 2003)

Non-NETL Related Publications:

Barriers to the Increased Utilization of Coal Combustion/Desulfurization By-Products by Government and Commercial Sectors-Update 1998 [PDF-3195KB] (July 1999)

Air Quality Research

Program Overview Papers:

NETL's Five Year Research Plan on Fine Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere [PDF-405KB] (2001-2005) provides the strategic plan for conducting research on PM2.5 and related topics for fiscal years 2001-2005.

NETL Technical Papers:

New Project to Develop Web Tool for Analyzing Air Quality in Ohio River Valley (Feb 2002)
Comments of DOE/Office of Fossil Energy staff on Fourth External Review Draft Criteria Document for Particulate Matter [PDF-584KB] (June 2003)
The National Research Council (NRC) Review was completed in October 1999, and is now available from the National Academy Press. Ordering information for the NRC review of the can be found at the National Academy Press website.

NETL Presentations:

The DOE-NETL Air Quality Research Program [PDF-542KB] (Mar 2002)
Qualitative and Semi-quantitative Analysis Of Semi-volatile Organics from Ambient Air Fine-particulate Matter, PM 2.5 [PDF-1.1KB] (Aug 2001)
This publication describes work being conducted to determine how coal-based power systems contribute to PM2.5 levels in ambient air.
Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopy Methods to Characterize Ambient Air PM2.5 [PDF-6.4MB] (Aug 2001)
The objective of this work was to determine the degree that coal-fired utilities contribute to fine particulate matter levels found in ambient air by using scanning electron microscopy techniques.
Monitoring, Sampling and Analysis of Fine Particles at DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory [PDF-3.8MB] (Sept 2000)
This work seeks to determine the relationship between coal-fired boiler emissions and ambient PM2.5 in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area.

Factsheets:

NETL Air Quality Research Program [PDF-2.5MB] (Mar 2004)

PM Emissions Control

NETL Program Overview Papers:

Five Year Research Plan on Fine Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere FY2001-FY2005 [PDF-405MB] (2001-2005)
This report is a 5-year research plan that extends the early description of NETL's program (FETC, 1998), and outlines how NETL (formerly FETC) will continue this program to further the scientific understanding of the origins and characteristics of ground level aerosols of human origin, while adding to the national portfolio of emission reduction options.

NETL Technical Papers:

Using Factor Analysis to Attribute Health Impacts to Particulate Pollution Sources [PDF-361KB] (July 2003)
Paper presented by Thomas Grahame (US DOE) and George Hidy (Envair/Aerochem), accepted for publication in Special Issue of Inhalation Toxicology.
Carnegie Mellon to Study Role of Coal Plants in Airborne Levels of Microscopic Particles (Dec 2000)
Carnegie Mellon to use DOE funding to upgrade air monitoring station to detect tiny airborne particles.
Energy Department Expands Air Monitoring Efforts to Deep South (Dec 2000)
To assist the Environmental Protection Agency, state offices, and the energy industry determine the most effective way to reduce airborne levels of microscopic particles, the Energy Department is awarding a contract to Southern Research Institute to set up an air monitoring station in Alabama.

NETL Presentations:

PM 2.5 Sampling and Analysis at NETL [PDF-593KB] (Mar 2000)
This presentation answers questions of why DOE and NETL are concerned about PM 2.5 and what is being done about it.

NETL Factsheets:

Sampling, Analysis, and Properties of Primary PM2.5: Application to Coal Fired Boilers [PDF-1.1KB] (Dec 2001)
Airborne Fine Particulate Matter (PM) Research Program [PDF-176KB] (Aug 2000)
This Fact Sheet covers the growing concerns over fine particulate matter (PM) emitted into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources and how DOE-NETL is pursuing a major research program to clarify options in reducing these emissions.

Advanced NOx Emissions Control

NETL Program Overview Papers:

DOE/NETL's NOx Emissions Control R&D Program - Bringing Advanced Technology to the Marketplace [PDF-346KB] (Apr 2008)
Update on DOE/NETL's Advanced NOx Emissions Control Technology R&D Program [PDF-243KB] (Nov 2006)
A Review of DOE/NETL's Advanced NOx Control Technology R&D Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants - Clearwater Conference [PDF-228KB] (Apr 2005)
Paper presented at the 30th International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems, Clearwater, FL.
A Review of DOE/NETL's Advanced NOx Control Technology R&D Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants [PDF-561KB] (Mar 2005)
DOE Selects Five NOx-Control Projects to Combat Acid Rain and Smog (Nov 2004)
Continuing efforts to cut acid rain and smog-producing nitrogen oxides (NOx) have prompted the U.S. Department of Energy to partner with industry experts to develop advanced NOx-control technologies.
The U.S. Department of Energy - National Energy Technology Laboratory's NOx Control Program for Coal-Fired Power Plants [PDF-743KB] (2004)
Paper presented at Environmental Control Conference in China in 2004.

NETL Technical Papers:

Nitrogen Oxides Emission Control Options for Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers – Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association [PDF-705KB] (Sept 2005)
Article published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Volume 55:1367-1388
New Coal Combustor Technologies Cut Pollution and Costs (June 2002)
The U.S. Department of Energy's NOx Control Technology R&D Programme for Existing Power Plants – International Journal of Environment and Pollution [PDF-376KB] (2002)
Clean Coal Technology Burner Sales Top $1 Billion (Mar 2001)
An advanced, low-polluting coal combustor is rapidly becoming one of the government's fastest growing clean coal technology success stories.
An Overview of NOx Control Technologies Demonstrated Under the Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program [PDF-73KB] (Mar 1998)
DOE/NETL white paper.

NETL Presentations:

Overview of DOE/NETL's NOx Control Program, presented October 29, 2003, at the SCR/SNCR Conference [PDF-2.9MB] (Oct 2003)

NETL Factsheets:

Ultra Low NOx Integrated System for NOx Emissions Control From Coal-Fired Boilers [PDF-435KB] (Nov 2004)
METHANE de-NOx for PC Boilers [PDF-958KB] (Nov 2004)
NOx Control for Utility Boiler OTR Compliance [PDF-794KB] (Nov 2004)
Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion for NOx Control [PDF-143KB] (Nov 2004)
NOx Control Options and Integration for U.S. Coal Fired Boilers (Rich Reagent Injection) [PDF-471KB] (Nov 2004)

Non-NETL Related Publications:

Technology Innovations and Experience Curves for Nitrogen Oxides Control Technologies (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) [PDF-820KB] (Dec 2005)
Article published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Volume 55:1827-1838 Article published in International Journal of Environment and Pollution, Vol. 17, Nos. 1/2, pp. 00-00
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Why and How They Are Controlled (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) [PDF-300KB] (Nov 1999)
EPA Technical Bulletin No. EPA 456/F-99-006R.

Research & Development

Powerspan to Pilot Test Mercury Removal Technology at AmerenUE's Rush Island Power Plant (Powerspan Clean Energy Technology) (Apr 2006)
Powerspan Licenses Mercury Removal Technology for Power Plants from the U.S. Department of Energy (Powerspan Clean Energy Technology) [PDF-152KB] (Mar 2004)
Powerspan issues a press release on the GP-254 mercury control technology.
Modeling Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control in Baghouse Filters: II-Pilot-Scale Studies and Model Evaluation [PDF-4.5MB] (Apr 2003)
Mercury Modeling Paper published in the April 2003 AWMA journal.

NETL Technical Papers:

Eyes in the Sky...Remote Sensing Technology Maps Flow of Groundwater from the Air (Aug 2003)
Modeling Sorbent Injection for Mercury Control in Baghouse Filters: I-Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis [PDF-11MB] (Apr 2003)

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