NNSA implements material control and accounting measures, and installs physical protection upgrades in Russia and other former Soviet states.  NNSA assists Russia in developing and maintaining a nation-wide material, protection, control, and accounting (MPC&A) infrastructure, thereby ensuring that U.S.-funded security upgrades can be maintained by Russia.  NNSA is also working with Russia to consolidate its special nuclear material into fewer buildings and to convert this material to non-weapons-usable forms.