around 600 BC |
Thales, a Greek, found that when amber was rubbed with silk, it became electrically charged and attracted objects. He had originally discovered static electricity. | ||
1600 | William Gilbert(England) first coined the term "electricity" from "elektron," the Greek word for amber. Gilbert wrote about the electrification of many substances. He was also the first person to use the terms electric force, magnetic pole, and electric attraction. | ||
1660 | |||
1675 | Stephen Gray (England) distinguished between conductors and nonconductors of electrical charges. | ||
1745-46 | |||
1752 | Ben Franklin (U.S.) tied a key to a kite string during a thunderstorm, and proved that static electricity and lightning were the same thing. | ||
1800 | Alessandro Volta (Italy) invented the first electric battery. The quot;volt quot; is named in his honor. | ||
1808 | Humphry Davy(United Kingdom) invented the first effective quot;arc lamp. quot; The arc lamp was a piece of carbon that glowed when connected by wires to a battery. | ||
1820 | Separate experiments by Hans Christian Oersted(Denmark), Andre-Marie Ampere (France), and Francois Arago confirmed the relationship between electricity and magnetism. | ||
1821 | Michael Faraday (England) discovered the principle of electro-magnetic rotation which would later be the key to developing the electric motor. | ||
1826 | Georg Ohm (Germany) defined the relationship between power, voltage, current and resistance in quot;Ohms Law. quot; | ||
1831 | |||
1832 | Using Faraday's principles, Hippolyte Pixii(France) built the first quot;dynamo, quot; an electric generator capable of delivering power for industry. Pixxi's dynamo used a crank to rotate a magnet around a a piece of iron wrapped with wire. | ||
1835 | Joseph Henry(U.S.) invented the electrical relay, which could send electrical currents long distances. | ||
1837 | Thomas Davenport(U.S.) invented the electric motor, an invention that is used in most electrical appliances today. | ||
1839 | Sir William Robert Grove(Scotland) developed the first fuel cell, a device that produces electrical energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen. | ||
1841 | James Prescott Joule(England) showed that energy is conserved in electrical circuits involving current flow, thermal heating, and chemical transformations. A unit of thermal energy, the Joule, was named after him. | ||
1844 | Samuel Morse( U.S.) invented the electric telegraph, a machine that could send messages long distances across wires. | ||
1860's | Mathematical theory of electromagnetic fields published. J.C. Maxwell (Scotland) created a new era of physics when he unified magnetism, electricity and light. Maxwell's four laws of electrodynamics ( quot;Maxwell's Equations quot;) eventually led to electric power, radios, and television. | ||
1876 | Charles Brush(U.S.) invented the quot;open coil quot; dynamo (or generator) that could produce a study current of electricity. | ||
1878 | |||
1879 | |||
1881 | The electric streetcar was invented by E.W. v. Siemens | ||
1882 | |||
1883 | Nikola Tesla (U.S. immigrant from Austrian Empire) invented the quot;Tesla coil quot;, a transformer that changed electricity from low voltage to high voltage, making it easier to transport over long distances. | ||
1884 | |||
1886 | William Stanley, Jr. (U.S.) developed the induction coil transformer and an alternating current electric system. | ||
1888 | |||
1893 | |||
1895-1896 | The Niagara Falls hydropower station opened. It originally provided electricity to the local area. One year later, when a new alternating current (AC) powerline was opened, electric power from Niagara Falls was sent to customers over 20 miles away in Buffalo, New York. | ||
1897 | Joseph John Thomson (England) discovered the electron. | ||
1901 | The first power line between USA and Canada was opened at Niagara Falls. | ||
1903 | |||
1908 | J. Spangler (U.S.) invented the first electric vacuum cleaner. | ||
1909 | The world's first pumped storage plant opened in Switzerland. | ||
1911 | W. Carrier(U.S.) invented electric air conditioning. | ||
1913 | |||
1920 | The Federal Power Commission (FPC) was established for licensing hydroelectric projects. | ||
1921 | Lakeside Power Plant in Wisconsin became the world's first power plant to burn only pulverized coal. | ||
1922 | Connecticut Valley Power Exchange (CONVEX) started pioneering interconnection between utilities. | ||
1933 | The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created. It was the first Federal power authority and was designed to provide regional power. | ||
1935 | Some "New Deal" legislation passed during the Roosevelt Administration was designed to regulate public utilities and bring electricity to rural America.
|
||
1936 | |||
1942 | Due to ldquo;Rural electrification, rdquo; almost half of American farms had electricity compared to 11 percent in 1932. | ||
1943-46 | The first general purpose electronic digital computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was built. | ||
1947 | The transistor was invented by scientists at Bell Telephone Laboratories. | ||
1950 | |||
1951 | Charles Ginsburg (U.S.) invented the first videotape recorder (VTR). | ||
1953 | IBM's 701 EDPM was the first commercially successful general-purpose computer. | ||
1954 | |||
1957 | Shippingport Reactor in Pennsylvania was the first nuclear power plant to provide electricity to customers in the U.S. | ||
1958 | First commercial modem developed by AT & T. | ||
1961 | |||
1962 | |||
1963 | A direct communications link was established between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) and the United States. | ||
1964 | International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) used light emitting diodes (LEDs) on circuit boards in an early mainframe computer. | ||
1972 | The arcade game Pong was created by Nolan Bushnell. | ||
1973 | |||
1975 | Robert S. Ledley (United States) was granted a patent for a quot;diagnostic X-ray systems quot; also known as CAT-Scans. | ||
1976 | First commercial fiber-optic cable is installed in Chicago for telephone signals. | ||
1977 | The first network of automated teller machines (ATMs) was developed. | ||
1981 | The computer considered by most historians to be the first true portable computer was the Osborne 1 created by Adam Osborne(U.S.). | ||
1990's | Advances in light emitting diode (LED) technology led to the wide-scale commercialization of blue and green solid-state sources as well as the development of white LEDs. | ||
1993 | The first PDAs or Personal Digital Assistants are released by the Apple Corporation(U.S.). | ||
1998 | Ericsson, IBM, Intel, and Nokia cooperated to develop Bluetooth technology that allows wireless communication between mobile phones, laptops, pcs, printers, digital cameras, and video gam consoles. | ||
2001 | The iPOD, a portable media player, was launched by the Apple Corporation. | ||
2004 | With the full color range of the high power light emitting diodes (LEDs), more advanced architectural designs and stage and studio lighting were developed. Colored LEDs reduce power consumption. | ||
Last Revised: October 2007
Sources:
National Energy Education Development Project, Intermediate Energy Infobook, 2005-2006.
California Energy Commission, Energy Quest (http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/time_machine/index.php), October 2007.
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