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1993-2003 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Report of Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions |
Highlights
Other Opiates | ||
This report presents results from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for 2003, and trend data for 1993 to 2003.1 The report provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million annual admissions to treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs in facilities that report to individual State administrative data systems.
TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. Thus, for example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within a calendar year would be counted as two admissions.
TEDS does not include all admissions to substance abuse treatment. It includes facilities that are licensed or certified by the State substance abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS data are those that receive State alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including Federal Block Grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services.
Five substances accounted for 96 percent of the 1,840,275 TEDS admissions in 2003:1 alcohol (42 percent), opiates (18 percent, primarily heroin), marijuana (15 percent), cocaine (14 percent), and stimulants (7 percent, primarily methamphetamine) [Table 2.1b].
Alcohol as a primary substance accounted for just over
two-fifths (42 percent) of all TEDS admissions in 2003, down from
approximately three-fifths (57 percent) in 1993. However, 44 percent of
primary alcohol admissions reported secondary drug abuse as well [Table 2.1b].
Alcohol admission rates generally were highest in the New
England, Pacific, and West North Central States. For the United States as a
whole, the alcohol admission rate declined by 29 percent between 1993 and
2003, from 451 per 100,000 population aged 12 and over to 319 per 100,000.
Rates declined in 39 of the 46 States reporting in both years [Table 2.3b and
Figure 3].
About three-quarters of admissions for abuse of alcohol
alone and for abuse of alcohol with secondary drug abuse were male (75 percent
and 74 percent, respectively) [Table 3.1a].
Almost three-quarters (70 percent) of alcohol-only
admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by non-Hispanic Blacks and
Hispanics (13 percent and 12 percent, respectively). Among admissions for
alcohol with secondary drug abuse, 59 percent were non-Hispanic White,
followed by 26 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 11 percent who were
Hispanic [Table 3.1a].
For alcohol-only admissions, the average age at admission was 39 years, compared with 35 years among admissions for primary alcohol with secondary drug abuse [Table 3.2a].
TEDS admissions for primary heroin abuse increased from 12
percent of all admissions in 1993 to 15 percent in 2003, and have exceeded
admissions for primary cocaine abuse since 1999 [Table 2.1b].
Heroin admission rates were highest in the Middle Atlantic
and New England States. For the United States as a whole, the heroin admission
rate increased by 18 percent between 1993 and 2003, from 96 per 100,000
population aged 12 and over to 113 per 100,000. Heroin admission rates
increased in 29 of the 45 States reporting in both years, decreased in 12
States, and were unchanged in 4 States [Table 2.4b and Figure 4].
About two-thirds (68 percent) of primary heroin admissions
were male [Table 3.1a].
Nearly half (47 percent) of primary heroin admissions were
non-Hispanic White, followed by 25 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 24
percent who were Hispanic [Table 3.1a].
For primary heroin admissions, the average age at admission
was 36 years [Table 3.2a].
Sixty-one percent of primary heroin admissions reported injection as the route of administration; 34 percent reported inhalation, and 2 percent reported smoking [Table 3.4].
TEDS admissions for primary abuse of opiates other than
heroin increased from 1 percent of all admissions in 1993 to 3 percent in 2003
[Table 2.1b]. These drugs include methadone (non-prescription use),
codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone,
pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with morphine-like
effects.
Admission rates for opiates other than heroin were
generally highest in the New England and East South Central States. For the
United States as a whole, the admission rate for opiates other than heroin
increased by 233 percent between 1993 and 2003, from 6 per 100,000 population
aged 12 and over to 20 per 100,000. Admission rates for opiates other than
heroin increased in 45 of the 46 States reporting in both years, and decreased
in only 1 State [Table 2.5b and Figure 5].
Just over half (53 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate
admissions were male [Table 3.1a].
Most primary non-heroin opiate admissions (89 percent) were
non-Hispanic White [Table 3.1a].
For primary non-heroin opiate admissions, the average age
at admission was 34 years [Table 3.2a].
About three-quarters (74 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions reported oral as the route of administration; 12 percent reported injection, and 11 percent reported inhalation [Table 3.4].
The proportion of admissions for primary cocaine abuse
declined from 17 percent in 1993 to 14 percent in 2003 [Table 2.1b].
Cocaine admission rates were generally highest in the
South Atlantic and Middle Atlantic States. For the United States as a whole,
the cocaine admission rate declined by 25 percent between 1993 and 2003, from
138 per 100,000 population aged 12 and over to 104 per 100,000. Cocaine
admission rates decreased in 31 of the 46 States reporting in both years, but
increased in 14 States, and were unchanged in 1 State [Table 2.6b and Figure
6].
Smoked cocaine (crack) represented 72 percent of all
primary cocaine admissions in 2003 [Table 2.1a].
Fifty-nine percent of primary smoked cocaine admissions
were male, compared with 66 percent of primary non-smoked cocaine admissions
[Table 3.1a].
Among primary smoked cocaine admissions, 55 percent were
non-Hispanic Black, 35 percent were non-Hispanic White, and 7 percent were
Hispanic. Among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, 49 percent were
Non-Hispanic White, followed by non-Hispanic Blacks (31 percent) and Hispanics
(16 percent) [Table 3.1a].
For primary smoked cocaine admissions, the average age at
admission was 37 years, compared with 34 years for non-smoked cocaine
admissions [Table 3.2a].
Among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, 76 percent reported inhalation as the route of administration; 13 percent reported injection, and 9 percent reported oral [Table 3.4].
The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse
increased from 7 percent in 1993 to 15 percent in 2003 [Table 2.1b].
Marijuana treatment admission rates showed substantial
increases across a large number of States, and were generally highest in the
Pacific and West North Central States. For the United States as a whole, the
marijuana admission rate increased by 115 percent between 1993 and 2003, from
55 per 100,000 population aged 12 and over to 118 per 100,000. Marijuana
admission rates increased in 39 of the 46 States reporting in both years,
decreased in 5 States, and were unchanged in 2 States [Table 2.7b and Figure
7].
Three-quarters (75 percent) of primary marijuana
admissions were male [Table 3.1a].
Over half (54 percent) of primary marijuana admissions
were non-Hispanic White, followed by 29 percent who were non-Hispanic Black
and 12 percent who were Hispanic [Table 3.1a].
For primary marijuana admissions, the average age at admission was 23 years [Table 3.2a].
Methamphetamine/amphetamine and Other Stimulants
The proportion of admissions for primary abuse of
methamphetamine/amphetamine and other stimulants increased from 2 percent to 7
percent between 1993 and 2003 [Table 2.1b].
Methamphetamine/amphetamine treatment admission rates
were generally highest in the Mountain and West North Central States. For the
United States as a whole, the methamphetamine/amphetamine admission rate
increased by 307 percent between 1993 and 2003, from 14 per 100,000 population
aged 12 and over to 57 per 100,000. Methamphetamine/amphetamine admission
rates increased in 40 of the 46 States reporting in both years, decreased in 4
States, and were unchanged in 2 States [Table 2.8b and Figure 8].
Over half (55 percent) of primary
methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were male [Table 3.1a].
Three-quarters (73 percent) of primary
methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 16
percent who were Hispanic and 3 percent each who were Asian/Pacific Islander
and non-Hispanic Black [Table 3.1a].
For primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, the
average age at admission was 31 years [Table 3.2a].
Fifty-six percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions reported smoking as the route of administration, 22 percent reported injection, and 15 percent reported inhalation [Table 3.4].
Among all racial/ethnic groups except Puerto Ricans, alcohol (alone or in combination with other drugs) was the most frequently reported primary substance at treatment admission. However, the proportion reporting primary use of the other four most common substances varied considerably by racial/ethnic group.
Among non-Hispanic Whites, alcohol (46 percent) was
followed by opiates (16 percent), marijuana
(14 percent), stimulants (9 percent), and cocaine (9 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among non-Hispanic Blacks, alcohol (33 percent) was
followed by cocaine (28 percent), marijuana (19 percent), opiates (16
percent), and stimulants (1 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among persons of Mexican origin, alcohol (39 percent) was
followed by stimulants (18 percent), opiates (17 percent), marijuana (17
percent), and cocaine (8 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among persons of Puerto Rican origin, opiates (48
percent) were followed by alcohol (28 percent), marijuana (11 percent),
cocaine (10 percent), and stimulants (1 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among persons of Cuban origin, alcohol (34 percent) was
followed by cocaine (23 percent), opiates (20 percent), marijuana (16
percent), and stimulants (3 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among Alaska Natives, alcohol (62 percent) was followed
by opiates (17 percent), marijuana
(9 percent), cocaine (6 percent), and stimulants (5 percent). [Table 3.1b].
Among American Indians, alcohol (62 percent) was followed
by marijuana (14 percent), stimulants
(9 percent), opiates (7 percent), and cocaine (5 percent) [Table 3.1b].
Among Asian/Pacific Islanders, alcohol (33 percent) was followed by stimulants (26 percent), marijuana (19 percent), cocaine (11 percent) and opiates (9 percent) [Table 3.1b].
The number of adolescents aged 12 to 17 admitted to
substance abuse treatment increased 61 percent between 1993 and 2003 [Table
5.1a].
The increase in adolescent substance abuse treatment
admissions was largely accounted for by the increase in the number of
adolescent primary marijuana admissions (222 percent between 1993 and 2003).
The proportion of adolescent primary marijuana admissions grew from 32 percent
of adolescent admissions in 1993 to 65 percent in 2003 [Tables 5.1a and 5.1b].
In 2003, more than half (53 percent) of adolescent
admissions were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system.
Sixteen percent were self- or individual referrals, and 12 percent were
referred through schools [Table 5.2a].
The number of adolescent substance abuse treatment admissions referred through the criminal justice system increased by 114 percent between 1993 and 2003, while admissions referred through other sources increased by 25 percent between 1993 and 2003 [Table 5.4a].
1 The total number of TEDS 2003 admissions has been revised slightly since publication of: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Highlights - 2003. National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services, DASIS Series: S-27, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 05-4043, Rockville, MD, 2005. In that report, the number of 2003 admissions was reported as 1,841,522. In preparing this report, it was decided that because the State of West Virginia had reported data for three months of the year only, its data should not be included. This resulted in the reduction of the total number of records by 1,247, to 1,840,275.
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