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Typhoid Fever (Salmonella typhi)
1997 Case Definition
The 1997 case definition appearing on this page was previously published in the 1990 MMWR Recommendations
and Reports titled Case Definitions for Public Health Surveillance [MMWR 1990;39(RR13)]
(available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025629.htm).
Thus, the 1990 and 1997 versions of the case definition are identical.
Clinical description
An illness caused by Salmonella typhi that
is often characterized by insidious onset of sustained fever,
headache, malaise, anorexia, relative bradycardia, constipation
or diarrhea, and nonproductive cough. However, many mild and
atypical infections occur. Carriage of S. typhi may
be prolonged.
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
Case classification
Probable: a clinically
compatible case that is epidemiologically linked to a confirmed
case in an outbreak
Confirmed: a clinically compatible case
that is laboratory confirmed
Comment
Isolation of the organism is required for confirmation.
Serologic evidence alone is not sufficient for diagnosis. Asymptomatic
carriage should not be reported as typhoid fever. Isolates of S.
typhi are reported to the Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases
Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National
Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, through the Public Health
Laboratory Information System. (See Salmonella.)
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