Appendix:

Highest and Lowest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State and the Statistical Significance (p value) of Their Difference on Selected Variables:

Cocaine Use in Past Year    (table)

Marijuana Use in Past Year    (table)

Alcohol Use in Past Month    (table)

Estimation Method:

To test the difference between the prevalence of two substate regions, say region 1 (with the lowest estimate) and region 2 (with the highest estimate), in a particular State, let π₁ and π₂ denote the respective small area estimates.

We want to test the hypothesis that π₂ = π₁ or equivalently test π₂ - π₁ = 0.

The difference between π₁ and π₂ is defined in terms of the log-odds ratio (lor) as opposed to the simple difference because the posterior distribution of the lor is closer to Gaussian than the posterior distribution of the simple difference (π₂ – π₁).

The lor is defined as lor = log{[π₂ /(1-π₂)] ÷ [π₁ /(1-π₁)]}.

So, the above hypothesis is now transformed to testing lor = 0. To compute the posterior variance of lor- v(lor), we define the log-odds ratio for each of the 1,250 Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) cycles as follows:

l_i = log{[p_2i) /(1-p_2i)] ÷ [p_1i /(1-p_1i)]}, where i = 1, 2,...,1,250.

In the definition of l_i above, p_2i and p_1i denote, respectively, the prevalence estimates of regions 2 and 1 for the i-th MCMC cycle.

Then v(lor) is approximated by The variance v sub l is calculated using the following formula: v sub l is equal to the mean of the squares of the difference between l sub i and l bar over 1,250 cycles, where l bar is the mean of l sub i over 1,250 cycles. where

To calculate the p-value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference (lor = 0), it is assumed that the posterior distribution of lor is normal with mean = image representing L with a bar over it and variance = v_l.

With the null value of lor = 0, the Bayes p-value or posterior probability of no difference is p-value = 2*P [Z ≥ abs(z)], where Z is a standard normal random variate,

lowercase z is calculated by dividing l bar by the square root of the variance v sub l, where l bar is the mean of l sub i over 1,250 cycles and v sub l is the variance of l sub i , and abs(z) denotes the absolute value of Z.

Note that the unbenchmarked estimate of the prevalence was used in this significance testing. Also note that for States like New Hampshire, New York, and Texas, prevalences of the substate regions were tested rather than testing the prevalences of the aggregate regions presented on the map. Aggregate estimates for these States were calculated by combining several substate regions (the aggregate estimates are hence more centered, rather than being extreme). So, for the purpose of significance testing of the extreme (min, max) regions, we preferred to test the prevalences of the individual regions.

Tables for past year cocaine use, past month marijuana use, and past month alcohol use are presented in this appendix. Our intent was to choose a few measures that have varying levels of the national prevalence estimates, from very low for cocaine to very high for alcohol use.

**Table T1. *Cocaine Use in Past Year*, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs**
State	Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State	Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State	p value
Alabama	Region 1	1.93	Region 2	2.52	0.153
Alaska	Rural	1.80^a	Southeast	2.80	0.047
Arizona	Rural North	2.94^a	Pima	4.28	0.041
Arkansas	Areas 2 and 3	1.55^b	Area 9	2.24	0.059
California	Region 14 (Orange)	2.18^a	Region 4	3.63	0.010
Colorado	Region 4	3.00	Regions 2 and 7	4.01	0.125
Connecticut	North Central	2.03	Eastern	2.31	0.513
Delaware	Sussex	2.25	Wilmington City	3.15	0.164
District of Columbia	Ward 8	2.76	Ward 2	3.70	0.281
Florida	District 13	1.85^a	District 10 (Broward)	2.95	0.018
Georgia	Region 1	1.86	Region 4	2.50	0.178
Hawaii	Kauai and Maui	1.87	Honolulu	1.99	0.737
Idaho	Region 5	1.50	Region 2	1.81	0.359
Illinois	Region II	2.27	Region I (Cook)	2.85	0.101
Indiana	Southeast	2.05	Central	2.75	0.128
Iowa	Northwest	1.77	Southeast	2.22	0.236
Kansas	South Central	1.82	Wichita (Sedgwick)	2.39	0.162
Kentucky	Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	2.19	Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key	2.80	0.180
Louisiana	Regions 7 and 8	2.16^b	Region 1	3.45	0.056
Maine	Region 5	2.06^b	Region 1 (Cumberland)	2.94	0.062
Maryland	Montgomery	1.41^a	Baltimore City	3.52	0.001
Massachusetts	Northeast	2.50^a	Boston	3.70	0.047
Michigan	Western	2.08^a	Detroit City	3.53	0.024
Minnesota	Region 7C	2.09	Region 7A (Hennepin)	2.74	0.154
Mississippi	Region 1	1.61	Region 6	2.17	0.183
Missouri	Southwest	2.36^b	Northwest (Jackson)	3.44	0.053
Montana	Region 1	1.91	Region 5	2.62	0.106
Nebraska	Region 4	1.63^a	Region 6	2.45	0.041
Nevada	Rural	1.77^b	Washoe	2.44	0.089
New Hampshire	Southern 1 (Rockingham)	2.29^a	Southern 2	3.35	0.039
New Jersey	Central	2.03	Southern	2.21	0.679
New Mexico	Region 1	2.51^a	Region 3 (Bernalillo)	3.75	0.020
New York	Region 4	1.87^a	Region 3	3.68	0.001
North Carolina	South Central	1.97	Western	2.34	0.366
North Dakota	Lake Region and South Central	1.48^a	Southeast	2.27	0.029
Ohio	Boards 3, 52, and 85	1.75^a	Board 25 (Franklin)	2.95	0.006
Oklahoma	East Central	1.51^a	Oklahoma County	2.41	0.025
Oregon	Region 2	1.89^a	Region 1 (Multnomah)	3.10	0.009
Pennsylvania	Regions 21, 30, 32, and 49	1.84^a	Region 18 (Philadelphia)	3.46	0.001
Rhode Island	Kent	3.27	Washington	3.74	0.471
South Carolina	Region 3	2.40	Region 4	2.84	0.442
South Dakota	Region 6	1.48^a	Region 3 (Minnehaha)	2.18	0.042
Tennessee	Region 5	1.99^a	Region 4 (Davidson)	3.39	0.009
Texas	Region 3bc	2.05^a	Region 7a	3.31	0.010
Utah	Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	1.56	Salt Lake County	2.04	0.161
Vermont	Rural Southeast	2.27^a	Champlain Valley	3.70	0.005
Virginia	Region 2	2.10	Region 5	2.53	0.387
Washington	Region 6	1.97	Region 5	2.24	0.490
West Virginia	Eastern Highland	2.05^a	Northern C and D	3.30	0.009
Wisconsin	Northern	2.31	Milwaukee	3.11	0.152
Wyoming	Judicial District 8	1.68^a	Judicial District 2	2.93	0.003
NOTE: p value: Bayes posterior probability of no difference. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ^a Difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, and 2004.

Table T1. Cocaine Use in Past Year, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs

State

Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State

Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State

p value

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Alabama

Region 1

1.93

Region 2

2.52

0.153

Alaska

Rural

1.80^a

Southeast

2.80

0.047

Arizona

Rural North

2.94^a

Pima

4.28

0.041

Arkansas

Areas 2 and 3

1.55^b

Area 9

2.24

0.059

California

Region 14 (Orange)

2.18^a

Region 4

3.63

0.010

Colorado

Region 4

3.00

Regions 2 and 7

4.01

0.125

Connecticut

North Central

2.03

Eastern

2.31

0.513

Delaware

Sussex

2.25

Wilmington City

3.15

0.164

District of Columbia

Ward 8

2.76

Ward 2

3.70

0.281

Florida

District 13

1.85^a

District 10 (Broward)

2.95

0.018

Georgia

Region 1

1.86

Region 4

2.50

0.178

Hawaii

Kauai and Maui

1.87

Honolulu

1.99

0.737

Idaho

Region 5

1.50

Region 2

1.81

0.359

Illinois

Region II

2.27

Region I (Cook)

2.85

0.101

Indiana

Southeast

2.05

Central

2.75

0.128

Iowa

Northwest

1.77

Southeast

2.22

0.236

Kansas

South Central

1.82

Wichita (Sedgwick)

2.39

0.162

Kentucky

Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills

2.19

Bluegrass, Comprehend, and North Key

2.80

0.180

Louisiana

Regions 7 and 8

2.16^b

Region 1

3.45

0.056

Maine

Region 5

2.06^b

Region 1 (Cumberland)

2.94

0.062

Maryland

Montgomery

1.41^a

Baltimore City

3.52

0.001

Massachusetts

Northeast

2.50^a

Boston

3.70

0.047

Michigan

Western

2.08^a

Detroit City

3.53

0.024

Minnesota

Region 7C

2.09

Region 7A (Hennepin)

2.74

0.154

Mississippi

Region 1

1.61

Region 6

2.17

0.183

Missouri

Southwest

2.36^b

Northwest (Jackson)

3.44

0.053

Montana

Region 1

1.91

Region 5

2.62

0.106

Nebraska

Region 4

1.63^a

Region 6

2.45

0.041

Nevada

Rural

1.77^b

Washoe

2.44

0.089

New Hampshire

Southern 1 (Rockingham)

2.29^a

Southern 2

3.35

0.039

New Jersey

Central

2.03

Southern

2.21

0.679

New Mexico

Region 1

2.51^a

Region 3 (Bernalillo)

3.75

0.020

New York

Region 4

1.87^a

Region 3

3.68

0.001

North Carolina

South Central

1.97

Western

2.34

0.366

North Dakota

Lake Region and South Central

1.48^a

Southeast

2.27

0.029

Ohio

Boards 3, 52, and 85

1.75^a

Board 25 (Franklin)

2.95

0.006

Oklahoma

East Central

1.51^a

Oklahoma County

2.41

0.025

Oregon

Region 2

1.89^a

Region 1 (Multnomah)

3.10

0.009

Pennsylvania

Regions 21, 30, 32, and 49

1.84^a

Region 18 (Philadelphia)

3.46

0.001

Rhode Island

Kent

3.27

Washington

3.74

0.471

South Carolina

Region 3

2.40

Region 4

2.84

0.442

South Dakota

Region 6

1.48^a

Region 3 (Minnehaha)

2.18

0.042

Tennessee

Region 5

1.99^a

Region 4 (Davidson)

3.39

0.009

Texas

Region 3bc

2.05^a

Region 7a

3.31

0.010

Utah

Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest

1.56

Salt Lake County

2.04

0.161

Vermont

Rural Southeast

2.27^a

Champlain Valley

3.70

0.005

Virginia

Region 2

2.10

Region 5

2.53

0.387

Washington

Region 6

1.97

Region 5

2.24

0.490

West Virginia

Eastern Highland

2.05^a

Northern C and D

3.30

0.009

Wisconsin

Northern

2.31

Milwaukee

3.11

0.152

Wyoming

Judicial District 8

1.68^a

Judicial District 2

2.93

0.003

NOTE: p value: Bayes posterior probability of no difference.
NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach.
^a Difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
^b Difference is statistically significant at the 0.10 level.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, and 2004.

**Table T2. *Marijuana Use in Past Month*, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs**
State	Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State	Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State	p value
Alabama	Region 1	3.98	Region 2	5.15	0.132
Alaska	Rural	8.19	Urban	10.72	0.100
Arizona	Rural South	4.69	Pima	6.41	0.108
Arkansas	Areas 2 and 3	4.64^b	Area 9	6.75	0.056
California	Region 6 (Santa Clara)	5.24^a	Region 1	11.43	0.000
Colorado	Region 4	5.60^a	Regions 2 and 7	8.58	0.013
Connecticut	Southwest	4.96^a	Northwestern	8.88	0.003
Delaware	Sussex	4.87^a	Wilmington City	7.46	0.022
District of Columbia	Ward 4	6.13^a	Ward 2	9.60	0.019
Florida	District 13	3.92^a	District 2	9.21	0.000
Georgia	Region 1	3.87^a	Region 3	6.62	0.003
Hawaii	Honolulu	5.89^a	Kauai and Maui	10.86	0.001
Idaho	Region 7	3.82^a	Region 2	6.24	0.022
Illinois	Region IV	4.48^a	Region I (Cook)	6.38	0.007
Indiana	Northeast	4.70^b	Central	6.67	0.073
Iowa	Northwest	3.72	Southeast	4.85	0.198
Kansas	West	3.48^a	Kansas City Metro	5.65	0.015
Kentucky	Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills	4.40^a	Seven Counties	8.40	0.001
Louisiana	Regions 5 and 6	4.32^a	Region 1	7.32	0.009
Maine	Region 7	6.74^b	Region 1 (Cumberland)	9.22	0.075
Maryland	Western	4.30^a	Baltimore City	6.96	0.008
Massachusetts	Metrowest	6.70^a	Boston	9.66	0.025
Michigan	Western	5.83^a	Genesee	9.23	0.027
Minnesota	Region 7C	5.10^a	Region 7A (Hennepin)	7.58	0.022
Mississippi	Region 1	3.77^b	Region 7	5.51	0.063
Missouri	Southeast	4.73^a	Northwest (Jackson)	7.71	0.014
Montana	Region 3	6.89^a	Region 5	9.66	0.037
Nebraska	Regions 1 and 2	4.06^a	Region 6	6.16	0.027
Nevada	Rural	6.29^a	Washoe	9.02	0.037
New Hampshire	Central 1	8.18^b	Southern 2	10.71	0.058
New Jersey	Northern	4.41	Central	5.15	0.365
New Mexico	Region 4	6.66^b	Region 3 (Bernalillo)	9.22	0.061
New York	Region 4	5.13^a	Region 3	10.73	0.000
North Carolina	Eastern	4.52^a	Western	6.69	0.021
North Dakota	Badlands and West Central	4.55^a	Southeast	6.87	0.012
Ohio	Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69	4.19^a	Board 57 (Montgomery)	9.55	0.000
Oklahoma	East Central	3.86^a	Oklahoma County	6.76	0.009
Oregon	Region 5	7.16^a	Region 1 (Multnomah)	11.08	0.014
Pennsylvania	Regions 17, 24, 27, 43, and 47	4.12^a	Region 1 (Allegheny)	7.56	0.000
Rhode Island	Kent	8.26^a	Washington	12.01	0.023
South Carolina	Region 3	4.91	Region 4	5.66	0.454
South Dakota	Region 6	3.72^a	Region 2	6.87	0.004
Tennessee	Region 5	3.75^a	Region 4 (Davidson)	6.78	0.003
Texas	Region 11c (Hidalgo)	3.41^a	Region 7a	7.51	0.000
Utah	Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest	2.79^a	Salt Lake County	5.08	0.003
Vermont	Rural Southeast	8.37^b	Champlain Valley	10.96	0.065
Virginia	Region 4	5.09	Region 3	5.84	0.449
Washington	Region 2	5.66	Region 4 (King)	7.30	0.171
West Virginia	South Central I	4.62^b	Northern C and D	6.49	0.072
Wisconsin	Western	4.87^a	Milwaukee	7.25	0.035
Wyoming	Judicial District 8	3.89^a	Judicial District 2	7.21	0.002
NOTE: p value: Bayes posterior probability of no difference. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ^a Difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, and 2004.

Table T2. Marijuana Use in Past Month, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs

State

Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State

Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State

p value

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Alabama

Region 1

3.98

Region 2

5.15

0.132

Alaska

Rural

8.19

Urban

10.72

0.100

Arizona

Rural South

4.69

Pima

6.41

0.108

Arkansas

Areas 2 and 3

4.64^b

Area 9

6.75

0.056

California

Region 6 (Santa Clara)

5.24^a

Region 1

11.43

0.000

Colorado

Region 4

5.60^a

Regions 2 and 7

8.58

0.013

Connecticut

Southwest

4.96^a

Northwestern

8.88

0.003

Delaware

Sussex

4.87^a

Wilmington City

7.46

0.022

District of Columbia

Ward 4

6.13^a

Ward 2

9.60

0.019

Florida

District 13

3.92^a

District 2

9.21

0.000

Georgia

Region 1

3.87^a

Region 3

6.62

0.003

Hawaii

Honolulu

5.89^a

Kauai and Maui

10.86

0.001

Idaho

Region 7

3.82^a

Region 2

6.24

0.022

Illinois

Region IV

4.48^a

Region I (Cook)

6.38

0.007

Indiana

Northeast

4.70^b

Central

6.67

0.073

Iowa

Northwest

3.72

Southeast

4.85

0.198

Kansas

West

3.48^a

Kansas City Metro

5.65

0.015

Kentucky

Adanta, Cumberland River, and Lifeskills

4.40^a

Seven Counties

8.40

0.001

Louisiana

Regions 5 and 6

4.32^a

Region 1

7.32

0.009

Maine

Region 7

6.74^b

Region 1 (Cumberland)

9.22

0.075

Maryland

Western

4.30^a

Baltimore City

6.96

0.008

Massachusetts

Metrowest

6.70^a

Boston

9.66

0.025

Michigan

Western

5.83^a

Genesee

9.23

0.027

Minnesota

Region 7C

5.10^a

Region 7A (Hennepin)

7.58

0.022

Mississippi

Region 1

3.77^b

Region 7

5.51

0.063

Missouri

Southeast

4.73^a

Northwest (Jackson)

7.71

0.014

Montana

Region 3

6.89^a

Region 5

9.66

0.037

Nebraska

Regions 1 and 2

4.06^a

Region 6

6.16

0.027

Nevada

Rural

6.29^a

Washoe

9.02

0.037

New Hampshire

Central 1

8.18^b

Southern 2

10.71

0.058

New Jersey

Northern

4.41

Central

5.15

0.365

New Mexico

Region 4

6.66^b

Region 3 (Bernalillo)

9.22

0.061

New York

Region 4

5.13^a

Region 3

10.73

0.000

North Carolina

Eastern

4.52^a

Western

6.69

0.021

North Dakota

Badlands and West Central

4.55^a

Southeast

6.87

0.012

Ohio

Boards 20, 32, 54, and 69

4.19^a

Board 57 (Montgomery)

9.55

0.000

Oklahoma

East Central

3.86^a

Oklahoma County

6.76

0.009

Oregon

Region 5

7.16^a

Region 1 (Multnomah)

11.08

0.014

Pennsylvania

Regions 17, 24, 27, 43, and 47

4.12^a

Region 1 (Allegheny)

7.56

0.000

Rhode Island

Kent

8.26^a

Washington

12.01

0.023

South Carolina

Region 3

4.91

Region 4

5.66

0.454

South Dakota

Region 6

3.72^a

Region 2

6.87

0.004

Tennessee

Region 5

3.75^a

Region 4 (Davidson)

6.78

0.003

Texas

Region 11c (Hidalgo)

3.41^a

Region 7a

7.51

0.000

Utah

Central, Four Corners, San Juan, and Southwest

2.79^a

Salt Lake County

5.08

0.003

Vermont

Rural Southeast

8.37^b

Champlain Valley

10.96

0.065

Virginia

Region 4

5.09

Region 3

5.84

0.449

Washington

Region 2

5.66

Region 4 (King)

7.30

0.171

West Virginia

South Central I

4.62^b

Northern C and D

6.49

0.072

Wisconsin

Western

4.87^a

Milwaukee

7.25

0.035

Wyoming

Judicial District 8

3.89^a

Judicial District 2

7.21

0.002

**Table T3. *Alcohol Use in Past Month*, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs**
State	Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State	Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State	p value
Alabama	Region 1	35.60	Region 2	40.26	0.116
Alaska	Rural	34.24^a	Southeast	52.56	0.000
Arizona	Rural South	43.56^a	Pima	53.22	0.015
Arkansas	Areas 4 and 7	32.50^a	Area 9	45.55	0.000
California	Region 8	42.74^a	Region 4	59.91	0.000
Colorado	Region 4	49.19^a	Region 3	61.80	0.002
Connecticut	South Central	58.18	Northwestern	63.27	0.127
Delaware	Sussex	44.66^a	New Castle (excluding Wilmington city)	57.72	0.000
District of Columbia	Ward 8	42.60^a	Ward 3	74.68	0.000
Florida	District 14	45.50^a	District 8	58.73	0.000
Georgia	Region 1	36.50^a	Region 3	52.43	0.000
Hawaii	Honolulu	47.30	Kauai and Maui	49.53	0.483
Idaho	Region 7	36.31^a	Region 4	55.78	0.000
Illinois	Region III	47.17^a	Region II	55.81	0.000
Indiana	Southeast	41.01^a	West	51.72	0.005
Iowa	Southwest	52.70	Northeast	56.49	0.271
Kansas	West	42.51^a	Kansas City Metro	53.86	0.001
Kentucky	Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways	30.06^a	Seven Counties	48.55	0.000
Louisiana	Regions 7 and 8	40.66^a	Region 10 (Jefferson)	53.28	0.000
Maine	Region 7	42.91^a	Region 1 (Cumberland)	59.30	0.000
Maryland	Prince George's	44.28^a	Montgomery	60.84	0.000
Massachusetts	Central	55.29^a	Metrowest	65.24	0.004
Michigan	Detroit City	39.44^a	Washtenaw	62.52	0.000
Minnesota	Regions 1 and 2	52.93^a	Region 7C	64.67	0.001
Mississippi	Region 2	30.75^a	Region 7	43.40	0.000
Missouri	Southeast	41.89^a	Eastern (St. Louis City and County)	57.53	0.000
Montana	Region 1	50.44^a	Region 4	60.57	0.005
Nebraska	Region 4	48.90^a	Region 6	56.23	0.026
Nevada	Clark	47.31^a	Washoe	53.80	0.034
New Hampshire	Central 1	57.30^b	Southern 1 (Rockingham)	63.43	0.078
New Jersey	Southern	53.51^a	Central	62.30	0.009
New Mexico	Region 4	40.52^a	Region 3 (Bernalillo)	55.12	0.000
New York	Region 1	41.05^a	Region 5	62.56	0.000
North Carolina	Eastern	36.48^a	Western	43.18	0.021
North Dakota	Lake Region and South Central	49.91^a	Southeast	64.79	0.000
Ohio	Boards 27, 71, and 73	37.28^a	Board 25 (Franklin)	55.49	0.000
Oklahoma	East Central	35.36^a	Tulsa County	48.46	0.001
Oregon	Region 5	51.38^b	Region 1 (Multnomah)	57.87	0.094
Pennsylvania	Regions 5, 20, 26, 28, and 40	44.00^a	Region 1 (Allegheny)	58.90	0.000
Rhode Island	Providence	56.72^a	Washington	66.23	0.004
South Carolina	Region 3	40.23	Region 4	45.44	0.136
South Dakota	Region 6	53.58^a	Region 3 (Minnehaha)	61.99	0.014
Tennessee	Region 6	29.93^a	Region 4 (Davidson)	43.77	0.000
Texas	Region 11c (Hidalgo)	33.90^a	Region 7a	57.73	0.000
Utah	Utah County	19.75^a	Salt Lake County	35.14	0.000
Vermont	Rural Northeast	53.95^a	Champlain Valley	62.39	0.004
Virginia	Region 3	42.15^a	Region 2	58.68	0.000
Washington	Region 2	46.26^a	Region 4 (King)	59.78	0.000
West Virginia	Southern II	27.56^a	Northern A and B	41.51	0.000
Wisconsin	Milwaukee	58.03	Southeastern	62.77	0.175
Wyoming	Judicial District 3	46.95^a	Judicial District 2	55.75	0.014
NOTE: p value: Bayes posterior probability of no difference. NOTE: Estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. ^a Difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002, 2003, and 2004.

Table T3. Alcohol Use in Past Month, Differences between Lowest and Highest Prevalence Substate Regions within Each State: 2002, 2003, and 2004 NSDUHs

State

Lowest Prevalence Substate Region within State

Highest Prevalence Substate Region within State

p value

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Substate Region Name

Estimate

Alabama

Region 1

35.60

Region 2

40.26

0.116

Alaska

Rural

34.24^a

Southeast

52.56

0.000

Arizona

Rural South

43.56^a

Pima

53.22

0.015

Arkansas

Areas 4 and 7

32.50^a

Area 9

45.55

0.000

California

Region 8

42.74^a

Region 4

59.91

0.000

Colorado

Region 4

49.19^a

Region 3

61.80

0.002

Connecticut

South Central

58.18

Northwestern

63.27

0.127

Delaware

Sussex

44.66^a

New Castle (excluding Wilmington city)

57.72

0.000

District of Columbia

Ward 8

42.60^a

Ward 3

74.68

0.000

Florida

District 14

45.50^a

District 8

58.73

0.000

Georgia

Region 1

36.50^a

Region 3

52.43

0.000

Hawaii

Honolulu

47.30

Kauai and Maui

49.53

0.483

Idaho

Region 7

36.31^a

Region 4

55.78

0.000

Illinois

Region III

47.17^a

Region II

55.81

0.000

Indiana

Southeast

41.01^a

West

51.72

0.005

Iowa

Southwest

52.70

Northeast

56.49

0.271

Kansas

West

42.51^a

Kansas City Metro

53.86

0.001

Kentucky

Kentucky River, Mountain, and Pathways

30.06^a

Seven Counties

48.55

0.000

Louisiana

Regions 7 and 8

40.66^a

Region 10 (Jefferson)

53.28

0.000

Maine

Region 7

42.91^a

Region 1 (Cumberland)

59.30

0.000

Maryland

Prince George's

44.28^a

Montgomery

60.84

0.000

Massachusetts

Central

55.29^a

Metrowest

65.24

0.004

Michigan

Detroit City

39.44^a

Washtenaw

62.52

0.000

Minnesota

Regions 1 and 2

52.93^a

Region 7C

64.67

0.001

Mississippi

Region 2

30.75^a

Region 7

43.40

0.000

Missouri

Southeast

41.89^a

Eastern (St. Louis City and County)

57.53

0.000

Montana

Region 1

50.44^a

Region 4

60.57

0.005

Nebraska

Region 4

48.90^a

Region 6

56.23

0.026

Nevada

Clark

47.31^a

Washoe

53.80

0.034

New Hampshire

Central 1

57.30^b

Southern 1 (Rockingham)

63.43

0.078

New Jersey

Southern

53.51^a

Central

62.30

0.009

New Mexico

Region 4

40.52^a

Region 3 (Bernalillo)

55.12

0.000

New York

Region 1

41.05^a

Region 5

62.56

0.000

North Carolina

Eastern

36.48^a

Western

43.18

0.021

North Dakota

Lake Region and South Central

49.91^a

Southeast

64.79

0.000

Ohio

Boards 27, 71, and 73

37.28^a

Board 25 (Franklin)

55.49

0.000

Oklahoma

East Central

35.36^a

Tulsa County

48.46

0.001

Oregon

Region 5

51.38^b

Region 1 (Multnomah)

57.87

0.094

Pennsylvania

Regions 5, 20, 26, 28, and 40

44.00^a

Region 1 (Allegheny)

58.90

0.000

Rhode Island

Providence

56.72^a

Washington

66.23

0.004

South Carolina

Region 3

40.23

Region 4

45.44

0.136

South Dakota

Region 6

53.58^a

Region 3 (Minnehaha)

61.99

0.014

Tennessee

Region 6

29.93^a

Region 4 (Davidson)

43.77

0.000

Texas

Region 11c (Hidalgo)

33.90^a

Region 7a

57.73

0.000

Utah

Utah County

19.75^a

Salt Lake County

35.14

0.000

Vermont

Rural Northeast

53.95^a

Champlain Valley

62.39

0.004

Virginia

Region 3

42.15^a

Region 2

58.68

0.000

Washington

Region 2

46.26^a

Region 4 (King)

59.78

0.000

West Virginia

Southern II

27.56^a

Northern A and B

41.51

0.000

Wisconsin

Milwaukee

58.03

Southeastern

62.77

0.175

Wyoming

Judicial District 3

46.95^a

Judicial District 2

55.75

0.014

SAMHSA, an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal Government's lead agency for improving the quality and availability of substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health services in the United States.

* Adobe™ PDF and MS Office™ formatted files require software viewer programs to properly read them. Click here to download these FREE programs now