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Click to
enlarge any graphic.
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FHX2 is used extensively to produce fire charts that display
the temporal and spatial distribution of fires at a site.
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FHX2 has powerful statistical functions that include
modeling of fire intervals with the Weibull distribution and
various temporal and spatial tests.
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FHX2
Fire History Software
Introduction
Payment
and Downloading information
How
to Cite This Software
Update information
How to Import Graphics to Other Programs
Publications that have Used FHX2
Acknowledgements
Introduction
FHX2
is software that helps analyze fire history using fire scars and
other fire-related injuries found in the annual growth rings of
trees. FHX2 provides a means for entering, archiving, storing,
editing, and manipulation of fire history information from tree
rings, which in turn, provides a more efficient mechanism for data
storage and exchange. FHX2 creates master fire charts displaying
fire chronologies for individual trees or for individual sites. FHX2
has powerful statistical functions for analyzing the seasonality of
past fires, temporal changes in fire regimes, or spatial differences
in fire occurrence between sites. The software is capable of
statistically analyzing and modeling fire interval distributions
using the Weibull distribution. FHX2 also provides access to a
superposed epoch analysis program for analyzing the relationship
between past fire and climate. The Graphics Module creates,
displays, and prints master fire charts. Each horizontal line can
represent one tree, a sub-site, composite information for an entire
site, or an entire region. Each small vertical bar represents a
dated fire event. The Main Menu of the Statistics Module shows how
FHX2 can analyze fire seasonality, fire intervals, temporal
stability, or spatial differences in past fire regimes.
Payment
and Downloading information
Download
the program EXTRACT.EXE
(531 Kb download)
into a folder on your hard drive (usually called C:\FHX2). Run the
self-extracting program extract.exe and all files will be copied
into the folder. If a file already exists with that file name,
simply answer "yes" to the question to overwrite the
existing file. Be sure to first set the "FHX2 Folder"
(usually "c:\fhx2\") and the "Workspace Folder"
(something like "c:\fhx2\work\") from the FHX2 main menu
before continuing with FHX2.
After
downloading, you MUST purchase this software for $129.95. Current
paid users can upgrade to the most recent version for $49.95. Click here
to purchase the FHX2 software. (Note: a download tracker
supplied by my web host allows me to learn where the software has
been downloaded!) Feel free to contact me for further
information (click on the Contact button to the left).
Proper
Citation
As
with any software, I expect proper citation to be given to this
software when used for your research, just as you would programs
ARSTAN and COFECHA, for example. Possible citations include:
Grissino-Mayer, H.D. 1995. Tree-ring reconstructions of
climate and fire history at El Malpais National Monument, New
Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 407
pp.
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D. 1999. Modeling fire interval data from the American
Southwest with the Weibull distribution. International Journal of
Wildland Fire 9(1): 37-50.
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D. 2001. FHX2 - Software for analyzing temporal and spatial
patterns in fire regimes from tree rings. Tree-Ring Research
57(1): 113-122.
Update
information
Most recent updates
listed first:
-
The
range of years that can be examined in all modules has been
expanded out to the year 2015 to ensure compatibility for the
next 10 years.
-
The
lengths of all fields required for entering site information in
the Data Entry Module have been increased to accommodate very
long entries.
-
The
Summary option in the Statistics Module now calculates both the
sample depth (number of trees per year) and the sample depth of
the recorder years (number of recorder trees per year).
-
Added
two different calculations of Fire Frequency in the Statistics
Module, the traditional fire frequency (1/MFI = mean fire
interval) and the Weibull fire frequency (1/WMPI = 1/(Weibull
Median Probability Interval)).
-
The
begin and end comment lines in the header information of the
FHX2 file have been updated to preserve any comments manually
entered via a text editor. All comments must go in-between the
begin and end comment lines.
-
The
opening menu in FHX2 now features enhanced information for
setting both the FHX2 folder (where the FHX2 software resides)
and the Workspace folder (where all your work files will
reside). Note: both of these must be set for FHX2 to
function properly.
-
The
Maximum Hazard Interval in the Statistics Module is now
calculated using the 0.50 cutoff rate, as this is more
ecologically reasonable, i.e., once the hazard rate
passes 0.50, the probability is high for fire occurrence.
-
The
Statistics Module contains a new feature. On "Set
Range," the user can "lock" the range of years
being analyzed, which carries over from one file to the next.
This allows you to analyze the same set of years for many
different sites with ease.
How
to Import Graphics Into Other Programs
One
of the most common questions I receive is how to import the FHX2
graphs into other programs. Two methods exist and I'll give some
easy solutions below. First, you need to know that the graphics file
created by FHX2 (using the Plot option in the Graphics Module) is in
HPGL format (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language), perhaps the most
common format when FHX2 was first developed. Second, you should use
ONLY "open symbols" in your fire history chart before
plotting to a file, rather than "closed symbols." The
closed symbols will turn out jagged when imported into other
programs.
Method
#1:
Many
graphics programs can directly import HPGL format, such as CorelDraw
(which I use and highly recommend), AutoCAD programs, and Paintshop
Pro, to name a few. Once imported, you can then export the graphic
to another format, such as JPEG or TIF, which can be directly
imported into Microsoft Word or PowerPoint, for example. When you
import the graphic, be sure to select all objects and change the
color of all objects to black.
Method
#2:
Did
you know that the MS Office family of products can import HPGL
format? That's right! Here's how. Connect to the Microsoft web site
to download a program called Hpgl32.exe.
Alternatively, you can download the file from my downloads
web site. Follow the simple directions on this web page for
installing this graphics filter into Microsoft.
Now,
open a blank page in Microsoft's PowerPoint (I prefer to import the
FHX2 charts into PowerPoint). Select
"Insert -- Picture -- From file" then click on "Files
of type" and you'll see a selection for "HP Graphics
Language." Select this file type. You then will have to
manually choose the HPGL file created by FHX2 where it says
"File name" because you likely created a plot file ending
with the extension "PGL." If PowerPoint asks you again the
file format when converting the file, again select "HP Graphics
Language." In the Picture Toolbar, select "Recolor
picture" and set all colors to black.
You
now should have a high-quality FHX2 graphic that you can save and
import into other programs. These graphics have been published in a
wide number of scientific journals (see below).
Publications
This FHX2 software was used in the following
studies:
-
Abolt,
R.A.P. 1997. Fire histories of upper elevation
forests in the Gila Wilderness, New Mexico via fire scar and
stand age structure analyses. M.S. thesis, The University of
Arizona, Tucson. 120 pp.
-
Abrams, M.D.
2006. Ecological and ecophysiological attributes and
responses to fire in eastern oak forests. In: M.B. Dickinson,
ed., Fire in Eastern Oak Forests: Delivering Science to Land
Managers. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report
NRS-P-1: 74-89.
-
Arabas,
K.B., K.S. Hadley, and E.R. Larson 2006. Fire history
of a naturally fragmented landscape in central Oregon. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research 36: 1108-1120.
-
Armbrister,
M.R. 2002. Changes in fire regimes and the successional
status of Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) in
the southern Appalachians, USA. M.S. thesis, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville. 151 pp.
-
Baisan,
C.H., and T.W. Swetnam. 1997. Interactions of fire
regimes and land use in the central Rio Grande Valley. USDA
Forest Service Research Paper RM-RP-330. 20 pp.
-
Barton,
A.M., T.W. Swetnam, and C.H. Baisan. 2001. Arizona
pine (Pinus arizonica) stand dynamics: local and regional
factors in a fire-prone Madrean gallery forest of Southeast
Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 16(4): 351-369.
-
Beaty,
R.M., and A.H. Taylor. 2001. Spatial and temporal variation
of fire regimes in a mixed conifer forest landscape, Southern
Cascades, California, USA. Journal of Biogeography 28(8):
955-966.
-
Brown,
P.M. 2003. Fire, climate, and forest structure in ponderosa
pine forests of the Black Hills. Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado
State University, Ft. Collins, CO. 103 pp.
-
Brown, P.M.
2006. Climate effects on fire regimes and tree recruitment in
Black Hills ponderosa pine forests. Ecology 87(10):
2500-2510.
-
Brown,
P.M., M.W. Kaye, and D. Buckley. 1999. Fire history
in Douglas-fir and coast redwood forests at Point Reyes National
Seashore, California. Northwest Science 73(3): 205-216.
-
Brown,
P.M., M.W. Kaye, L.S. Huckaby, and C.H. Baisan. 2001.
Fire history along environmental gradients in the Sacramento
Mountains, New Mexico: influences of local and regional
processes. Ecoscience 8(1): 115-126.
-
Brown,
P.M., M.G. Ryan, and T.G. Andrews. 2000. Historical surface
fire frequency in ponderosa pine stands in research natural
areas, central Rocky Mountains and Black Hills, USA. Natural
Areas Journal 20: 133-139.
-
Brown,
P.M., and W.D. Shepperd. 2002. Fire history and fire
climatology along a 5° gradient in latitude in Colorado and
Wyoming, USA. Palaeobotanist 50: 133-140.
-
Brown,
P.M., and C.H. Sieg. 1999. Historical variability in
fire at the ponderosa pine - Northern Great Plains prairie
ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, South Dakota. Ecoscience
6(4): 539-547.
-
Brown,
P.M., and R. Wu. 2005. Climate and disturbance forcing of
episodic tree recruitment in a southwestern ponderosa pine
landscape. Ecology 86(11): 3030-3038.
-
Collins, B.M.,
and S.L. Stephens. 2007. Managing natural wildfires in
Sierra Nevada wilderness areas. Frontiers in Ecology and the
Environment 10(5): 523-527.
-
Cseke,
J.J. 2003. A dendroecological approach for dating individual
small-scale canopy disturbance events, Great Smoky Mountains
National Park, Tennessee, USA. M.S. thesis, The University of
Tennessee, Knoxville. 247 pp.
-
Danzer,
S.R. 1998. Fire history and stand structure in the
Huachuca Mountains of southeastern Arizona. M.S. thesis, The
University of Arizona, Tucson. 110 pp.
-
DeWeese, G.G.
2007. Past fire regimes of Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens
Lamb.) stands in the central Appalachian Mountains,
Virginia, U.S.A. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN. 308 pp.
-
Dey,
D.C., and R.P. Guyette. 2000. Anthropogenic fire history and
red oak forests in south-central Ontario. Forestry Chronicle
76(2): 339-347.
-
Donnegan,
J.A., T.T Veblen, and J.S. Sibold. 2001. Climatic and human
influences on fire history in Pike National Forest, central
Colorado. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31(9):
1526-1539.
-
Everett,
R.L., R. Schellhaas, D. Keenum, D. Spurbeck, and P. Ohlson.
2000. Fire history in the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests on
the east slope of the Washington Cascades. Forest Ecology and
Management 129: 207-225.
-
Falk,
D.A. 2004. Scaling rules for fire regimes. Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 305 pp.
-
Falk,
D.A., and T.W. Swetnam. 2003. Scaling rules and probability
models for surface fire regimes in ponderosa pine forests. In: Fire,
Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration: Conference
Proceedings. USDA Forest Service, Ft. Collins, CO.
Proceedings RMRS-P-29: 301-317.
-
Fulé,
P.Z., and W.W. Covington. 1997. Fire regimes and
forest structure in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango,
Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana 41: 43-79.
-
Fulé,
P.Z., W.W. Covington, and M.M. Moore. 1997.
Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of
Southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Ecological Applications
7(3): 895-908.
-
Fulé,
P.Z., J.E. Crouse, T.A. Heinlein, M.M. Moore, W.W. Covington,
and G. Verkamp. 2003. Mixed-severity fire regime in a
high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. Landscape
Ecology 18(5): 465-485.
-
Fulé,
P.Z., T.A. Heinlein, W.W. Covington, and M.M. Moore. 2000.
Continuing fire regimes in remote forests of Grand Canyon
National Park. In: D.N. Cole, S.F. McCool, W.T. Borrie, and J.
O'Loughlin, comps., Wilderness Science in a Time of Change
Conference: Volume 5, Wilderness Ecosystems, Threats, and
Management. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-15, Vol. 5:
242-248.
-
Fulé, P.Z., J.
Villanueva-Diaz, and M. Ramos-Gomez. 2005. Fire regime in a
conservation reserve in Chihuahua, Mexico. Canadian Journal
of Forest Research 35(2): 320-330.
-
Gayton, D., M.H.
Weber, M. Harrington, E.K. Heyerdahl, E.K. Sutherland, B. Brett,
C. Hall, M. Hartmann, L. Peterson, and C. Merrel.
2006. Fire history of a western Montana grassland: A pilot
study. In: J.H. Speer, ed., Experiential Learning and
Exploratory Research: The 13th Annual North American
Dendroecological Fieldweek (NADEF). Indiana State
University, Department of Geography, Geology, and Anthropology,
Professional Paper Series 23: 30-36.
-
Grau,
H.R., T.A. Easdale, and L. Paolini. 2003. Subtropical
dendroecology - dating disturbances and forest dynamics in
northwestern Argentina montane ecosystems. Forest Ecology and
Management 177(1-3): 131-143.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D. 1995. Tree-ring reconstructions of climate and
fire history at El Malpais National Monument, New Mexico. Ph.D.
dissertation, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 407 pp.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D. 1999. Modeling fire interval data from the
American Southwest with the Weibull distribution. International
Journal of Wildland Fire 9(1): 37-50.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D. 2001. FHX2 - Software for analyzing temporal and
spatial patterns in fire regimes from tree rings. Tree-Ring
Research 57(1): 115-124.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., C.H. Baisan, and T.W. Swetnam. 1994. Fire
history and age structure analyses in the mixed-conifer and
spruce-fir forests of the Pinaleno Mountains, southeastern
Arizona. Final Report, Mt. Graham Red Squirrel Study Committee,
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service, Phoenix,
AZ. 73 pp.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., C.H. Baisan, and T.W. Swetnam. 1995. Fire
history in the Pinaleno Mountains of southern Arizona: Effects
of human-related disturbances. In L.F. Debano, G.J. Gottfried,
R.H. Hamre, C.B. Edminster, P.F. Ffolliott, and A. Ortega-Rubio,
eds., Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago:
The Sky Islands of Southwestern United States and Northwestern
Mexico. Ft. Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, General
Technical Report RM-GTR-264: 399-407.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., H.C. Blount, and A.C. Miller. 2001. Tree-ring dating
and the ethnohistory of the naval stores industry in southern
Georgia. Tree-Ring Research 57(1): 3-13.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., C.M. Gentry, S. Croy, J. Hiatt, B. Osborne, A. Stan,
and G.G. DeWeese. 2006. Fire history of western Montana
forested landscapes via tree-ring analyses. In: J.H. Speer, ed.,
Experiential Learning and Exploratory Research: The 13th
Annual North American Dendroecological Fieldweek (NADEF).
Indiana State University, Department of Geography, Geology, and
Anthropology, Professional Paper Series 23: 47-56.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., W.H. Romme, M.L. Floyd-Hanna, and D. Hanna. 2004.
Climatic and human influences on fire regimes of the southern
San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA. Ecology 85(6):
1708-1724.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., and T.W. Swetnam. 1995. Effects of habitat
diversity on fire regimes in El Malpais National Monument, New
Mexico. In J.K. Brown, R.W. Mutch, C.W. Spoon, and R.H. Wakimoto,
eds., Proceedings: Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park
Management, 1993 March 30-April 1, Missoula, Montana. USDA
Forest Service General Technical Report INT-GTR-320:
195-200.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., and T.W. Swetnam. 1997. Multi-century history
of wildfire in the ponderosa pine forests of El Malpais. In K.
Mabery, ed., Natural History of El Malpais National Monument.
New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin
156: 163-171.
-
Grissino-Mayer,
H.D., and T.W. Swetnam. 2000. Century-scale climate
forcing of fire regimes in the American Southwest. The
Holocene 19(2): 213-220.
-
Groven,
R., and M. Niklasson. 2005. Anthropogenic impact on past and
present fire regimes in a boreal forest landscape of
southeastern Norway. Canadian Journal of Forest Research
35(11): 2719-2726.
-
Guyette,
R.P., and D.C. Dey. 1995. A presettlement fire
history in an oak-pine forest near Basin Lake, Algonquin Park,
Ontario. Ontario Forestry Research Institute Forest Research
Report 132. 7 pp.
-
Guyette,
R.P., and D.C. Dey. 1997. Historic shortleaf pine (Pinus
echinata Mill.) abundance and fire frequency in a mixed
oak-pine forest (MOFEP, Site 8). In B.L. Brookshire and S.R.
Shifley, eds., Proceedings of the Missouri Ozark Forest
Ecosystem Project Symposium: An Experimental Approach to
Landscape Research. USDA Forest Service General Technical
Report NC-193: 136-149.
-
Guyette,
R.P., D.C. Dey, and C. McDonell. 1995. Determining
fire history from old white pine stumps in an oak-pine forest in
Bracebridge, Ontario. Ontario Forestry Research Institute Forest
Research Report 133. 9 pp.
-
Guyette,
R.P., D.C. Dey, and M.C. Stambaugh. 2003. Fire and human
history of a barren-forest mosaic in southern Indiana. American
Midland Naturalist 149(1): 21-34.
-
Guyette,
R.P., R.M. Muzika, and D.C. Dey. 2002. Dynamics of an
anthropogenic fire regime. Ecosystems 5(5): 472-486.
-
Hessl,
A.E., D. McKenzie, and R. Schellhaas. 2004. Drought and
Pacific Decadal Oscillation linked to fire occurrence in the
inland Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 14(2):
425-442.
-
Hessl, A., J.
Miller, J., Kernan, D. Keenum, and D. McKenzie. 2007.
Mapping paleo-fire boundaries from binary point data comparing
interpolation methods. Professional Geographer 59(1):
87-104.
-
Heyerdahl,
E.K., and E. Alvarado. 2003. Influence of climate and land
use on historical surface fires in pine-oak forests, Sierra
Madre Occidental, Mexico. In: T.T. Veblen, W.L. Baker, G.
Montenegro, and T.W. Swetnam, eds., Fire and Climatic Change
in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas.
Springer-Verlag, New York: 198-217.
-
Jenkins,
S.E., R. Guyette, and A.J. Rebertus. 1997.
Vegetation-site relationships and fire history of a
savanna-glade-woodland mosaic in the Pzarks. In S.G. Pallardy,
R.A. Cecich, H.E. Garrett, and P.S. Johnson, eds., Proceedings,
11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, 1997 March 23-26,
Columbia, Missouri. USDA Forest Service General Technical
Report NC-188: 172-183.
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Kaib,
M. 1998. Fire history in riparian canyon pine-oak
forests and the intervening desert grasslands of the Southwest
borderlands: A dendroecological, historical, and cultural
inquiry. M.S. thesis, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 234 pp.
-
Kaib,
M., C.H. Baisan, H.D. Grissino-Mayer, and T.W. Swetnam.
1996. Fire history in the gallery pine-oak forests and adjacent
grasslands of the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona. In P.F.
Ffolliott, L.F. DeBano, M.B. Maker, Jr., G.J. Gottfried, G.
Solis-Garza, C.B. Edminster, D.G. Neary, L.S. Allen, and R.H.
Hamre, R.H., tech. coord., Effects of Fire on Madrean
Province Ecosystems: A Symposium Proceedings. USDA Forest
Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-289: 253-264.
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Kerr,
R.T. 1996. The fire regime of Mt. Gleason, California
as a function of climate and vegetation. M.A. thesis, California
State University, Northridge. 83 pp.
-
Kipfmueller,
K.F., and J.A. Kupfer. 2005. Complexity of successional
pathways in subalpine forests of the Selway-Bitterroot
Wilderness Area. Annals of the Association of American
Geographers 95(3): 495-510.
-
Kitzberger,
T., and T.T. Veblen. 1997. Influences of humans and
ENSO on fire history of Austrocedrus chilensis woodlands
in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Ecoscience 4(4):
508-520.
-
Lehtonen,
H., and P. Huttunen. 1997. History of forest fires in
eastern Finland from the fifteenth century AD - the possible
effects of slash-and-burn cultivation. The Holocene 7(2):
223-228.
-
Lehtonen,
H., P. Huttunen, and P. Zetterberg. 1996. Influence
of man on forest fire frequency in North Karelia, Finland, as
evidenced by fire scars on Scots pine. Annales Botanici
Fennici 33: 257-263.
-
Lehtonen,
H., and T. Kolström. 2000. Forest fire history in Viena
Karelia, Russia. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
15: 585-590.
-
Lewis,
D.B. 2003. Fire regimes of forested kipukas at El Malpais
National Monument, New Mexico. M.S. thesis, The University of
Tennessee, Knoxville. 145 pp.
-
McCord,
V.A.S. 1996. Flood history reconstruction in Frijoles
Canyon using flood-scarred trees. In C.D. Allen, ed., Fire
Effects in Southwestern Forests: Proceedings of the Second La
Mesa Fire Symposium. USDA Forest Service General
Technical Report RM-GTR-286: 33-46.
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McEwan, R.W.,
T.F. Hutchinson, R.D. Ford, and B.C.
McCarthy. 2006. An experimental evaluation of fire history
reconstruction using dendrochronology in white oak (Quercus
alba). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:
806-816.
-
McEwan, R.W.,
T.F. Hutchinson, R.P. Long, D.R. Ford, and B.C. McCarthy,
B.C. 2007. Temporal and spatial patterns in fire occurrence
during the establishment of mixed-oak forests in eastern North
America. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 655-664.
-
Miller, A.C.
2007. Fire history of Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea var.
bahamensis (Griseb.) W.H. Barrett & Golfari) forests on
Abaco Island, The Bahamas. M.S. Research Paper, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. 84 pp.
-
Miller,
R.F., and J.A. Rose. 1999. Fire history and western
juniper encroachment in sagebrush steppe. Journal of Range
Management 52(6): 550-559.
-
Moody, T.J., J.
Fites-Kaufman, and S.L. Stephens. 2006. Fire history and
climate influences from forests in the northern Sierra Nevada,
USA. Fire Ecology 2(1): 115-141.
-
Morino,
K.A. 1996. Reconstruction and interpretation of
historical patterns of fire occurrence in the Organ Mountains,
New Mexico. M.S. thesis, The University of Arizona, Tucson. 144
pp.
-
Norman,
S., and A.H. Taylor. 1997. Variation in fire-return
intervals across a mixed-conifer forest landscape. In: N.
Sugihara, ed., Fire in California Ecosystems: Integrating
Ecology, Prevention and Management. The Association for Fire
Ecology. Miscellaneous Publication No. 1: 170-179.
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Olson,
D.L., and J.K. Agee. 2005. Historical fires in Douglas-fir
dominated riparian forests of the southern Cascades, Oregon. Fire
Ecology 1(1): 50-74.
-
Ortloff,
W., J.G. Goldammer, F.H. Schweingruber, and T.W. Swetnam.
1995. Jahrringanalytische Untersuchungen zur Feuergeschichte
eines Bestandes von Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. in
den Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, USA. Forstarchiv 66:
206-214.
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Pohl, K.A., K.S.
Hadley, and K.B. Arabas. 2006. Decoupling tree-ring
signatures of climate variation, fire, and insect outbreaks in
central Oregon. Tree-Ring Research 62(2): 37-50.
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Psaltis,
J. 2001. Climate response, age distribution, and fire
history of a corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica)
stand in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. M.S. thesis, The
University of Arizona, Tucson. 83 pp.
-
Rentch,
J.S. 2001. Stand dynamics and disturbance history of five
oak-dominated old-growth stands in the unglaciated Appalachian
Plateau. PhD dissertation, West Virginia University, Morgantown,
WV.
-
Rentch,
J.S., M.A. Fajvan, and R.R. Hicks, Jr. 2003. Oak
establishment and canopy accession strategies in five old-growth
stands in the central hardwood forest region. Forest Ecology
and Management 184: 286-297.
-
Rentch,
J.S., M.A. Fajvan, and R.R. Hicks, Jr. 2003. Spatial and
temporal disturbance characteristics of oak-dominated old-growth
stands in the central hardwood forest region. Forest Science
49: 778-789.
-
Rentch,
J.S., and R.R. Hicks, Jr. 2003. Canopy disturbance
intervals, early growth rates, and canopy accession trends of
oak-dominated old-growth forests. In: J.W. Van Sambeek, J.O.
Dawson, F. Ponder, Jr., E.F. Lowenstein, and J.S. Fralish, eds.,
Proceedings, 13th Central Hardwood Conference, 2002 April
1-3, Urbana, Illinois. USDA Forest Service General Technical
Report NC-234: 323-332.
-
Sakulich, J.,
and A.H. Taylor. 2007. Fire regimes and forest structure in
a sky island mixed conifer forest, Guadalupe Mountains National
Park, Texas, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 241(1-3):
62-73.
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Acknowledgements
Many
individuals helped significantly with the development and testing of
the FHX2 software. I first must thank the Laboratory of Tree-Ring
Research for providing me with facilities and computers on which to
develop this software. Dr. Thomas W. Swetnam is the driving force
behind our fire history/ecology research, and to him I am
particularly grateful. Kiyomi Morino offered numerous helpful
suggestions in all stages of the development of this software, and
this software benefits greatly from her comments, suggestions, and
testing. Ramzi Touchan and Craig Allen also tested the software in
its earliest stages, and suggested many useful ideas that improved
the software. The comments and ideas of Tony Caprio, Chris Baisan,
Linda Mutch, Don Falk, and Jeff Balmat are also greatly appreciated.
If any users have ideas on how they would like to see this software
improved, please drop me a message at the e-mail address on the
Contacts page (link in the left column).
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