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A Primer on IRAs (Paper)
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Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) now hold more assets than either defined benefit or defined contribution pension plans, but many people do not understand how they work. This Just the Facts reminds readers of the differences between Roth and conventional IRAs and describes their role to date as saving vehicles. This piece concludes that although households hold a lot of money in IRAs, these accounts do not appear to have been major vehicles for new saving. Despite the valuable tax benefits associated with both the conventional and Roth IRAs, people tend to use these accounts mainly as depositories for rollovers from their employer-sponsored plans rather than for new saving. [PDF - 4 pages]
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Author(s): Alicia H. Munnell
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Contact: Center for Retirement Research, Boston College, Fulton Hall 550, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3808, Web site: http://crr.bc.edu/, Email crr@bc.edu, Phone 617-552-1762, Fax 617-552-1750
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Date: March 2003
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URL: http://crr.bc.edu/briefs/a_primer_on_iras.html
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Federal Expenditures on Children: 1960-1997 (Paper)
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This paper provides the most comprehensive examination ever made of trends in federal spending, including tax subsidies, on children. The summary below assesses changes in real spending (in 1997 dollars) between 1960 and 1997. Some 66 federal programs are classified within eight major budget categories: tax credits and exemptions (including the Earned Income Tax Credit and the dependent exemption), income security (including Aid to Families with Dependent Children), nutrition (including Food Stamps), health (including Medicaid), education, housing, social services, and training. Children are defined as individuals 18 years of age or younger.
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Author(s): Rebecca L. Clark, Rosalind Berkowitz King, Christopher Spiro and C. Eugene Steuerle
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Contact: Urban Institute, 2100 M Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20037, Website www.urban.org, Email paffairs@ui.urban.org, Phone 202-833-7200, Fax 202-429-0687
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Date: April 2001
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URL: http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/occa45.pdf
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Green Book, Background Material and Data on Programs within the Jurisdicition of the Committee on Ways and Means (Website)
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The Green Book is compiled by the staff of the Committee on Ways and Means of the U.S. House of Representatives from many sources and provides program descriptions and historical data on a wide variety of social and economic topics, including Social Security, employment, earnings, welfare, child support, health insurance, the elderly, families with children, poverty, and taxation. It has become a standard reference work for those interested in the direction of social policy in the United States. Various years are available on this web site.
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Author(s): Staff of the Committee on Ways and Means of the U.S. House of Representatives
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URL: http://aspe.hhs.gov/greenbook/
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Impact of Medicare Home Health Policy Changes on Medicare Beneficiaries (Paper)
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This brief presents results from an analysis of how a new payment system — the Interim Payment System (IPS) — mandated by the 1997 Balanced Budget Act affected Medicare home health services use and beneficiary outcomes. The study found that the IPS had a considerable impact on home health utilization, causing reductions in the overall proportion of Medicare beneficiaries who received the service; the number of home health visits per home health user; the average length of a home health episode of care; and overall Medicare home health expenditures. The study also examined the impact of these reductions on outcomes experienced by Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence presented in this brief shows that, overall, the impact of the IPS on beneficiary outcomes was minimal. Moreover, it appears that service reductions did not cause significant increases in the use of other types of post-acute care.
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Author(s): Nelda McCall and Jodi Korb
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Contact: Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, 107 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, Website www.vnsny.org/hcri, Phone 212-794-6300, Fax 212-794-6610
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Date: 2003
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URL: http://www.vnsny.org/hcri/publications/No15_Medi_Impact.pdf
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Making Room for Family Caregivers: Seven Innovative Hospital Programs (Paper)
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This Special Report describes the experiences of seven New York City hospitals that developed innovative caregiver support programs from 1998 to 2002 with resources provided by United Hospital Fund's $2 million Family Caregiving Grant Initiative.
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Author(s): Carol Levine
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Contact: United Hospital Fund, c/o WC, 1200 Route 523, Flemington, NJ 08822, Website www.uhfnyc.org, Phone 888-291-8161, Fax 908-782-7438
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Date: 2003
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URL: http://www.uhfnyc.org/pubs-stories3220/pubs-stories_show.htm?doc_id=156825
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Market Reform in New Jersey and Quality of Care: A Cautionary Tale (Paper)
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As more than 40 states face present and projeced deficits in their health care budgets, some legislatures are considering market-based reforms to control rising health care costs. This continues a trend begun in the 1990s that emphasized market competition over state regulation and mandates. However, little is known about the impact of many market-based reforms on quality of care. This Issue Brief evaluates the effect of one reform--the deregulation of hospital reimbursement rates in New Jersey--on one important outcome of care--mortality from acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). The findings serve as a reminder that cost-constraining reforms may reduce the quality of care, particularly for uninsured and other vulnerable populations.
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Author(s): Kevin G.M. Volpp, Sankey V. Williams and Mark V. Pauly
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Contact: Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6218, Website www.upenn.edu/ldi, Phone 215-898-5611, Fax 215-898-0229
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Date: April 2003
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URL: http://www.upenn.edu/ldi/issuebrief8_7.pdf
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Medicare Home Health Use after the 1997 BBA (Paper)
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This Fact Sheet summarizes study findings regarding the impact of the interim payment system on home health utilization. It found large and significant reductions in the overall proportion of Medicare beneficiaries who received the service, the number of home health visits per home health user, the average length of a home health episode of care, and overall Medicare home health expenditures.
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Author(s): Nelda McCall and Jodi Korb
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Contact: Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, 107 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, Website www.vnsny.org/hcri, Phone 212-794-6300, Fax 212-794-6610
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Date: 2003
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URL: http://www.vnsny.org/hcri/publications/No14_Fact_Sheet.pdf
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MEPSnet/IC (Website)
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The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) sponsors MEPSnet/IC, an interactive tool that provides quick and easy access to employer-based health insurance data from AHRQ's Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) website. MEPSnet/IC uses data from the MEPS Health Insurance Component (IC), and is the first of several analytical tools being developed for quick access to MEPS data.
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Contact: Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, AHRQ, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, Maryland 20850, Email mepspd@ahrq.gov, Phone 301-427-1656
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URL: http://www.meps.ahrq.gov
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Multiple Chronic Conditions: a Challenge for the 21st Century (Paper)
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This Data Profile examines adults with none, one, or two or more of ten chronic conditions and children with none or one of three chronic conditions. These 13 conditions are among the most expensive conditions. Nearly 94 million people or about one-third of the U.S. population has at least one of these conditions--this includes 11 percent of children. More than 39 million adults have two or more of these conditions. Expenditures for these 13 conditions exceeded $184 billion in 1996 or 20 percent of personal health care expenditures.
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Author(s): Robert B. Friedland, Emily Ihara and Lee Thompson
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Contact: Center on an Aging Society, Georgetown University, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Suite 525, Washington, DC 20007, Website www.aging-society.org, Phone 202-687-9840, Fax 202-687-3110
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Date: November 2003
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URL: http://hpi.georgetown.edu/agingsociety/pubhtml/multiple/multiple.html
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National Mortality Followback Survey (NMFS) (Website)
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NMFS, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a nationally representative sample of adults age 15 and over who died in 1993. The NMFS provides a lifetime picture of life-style, health and socioeconomic status and service use, as well as the use of health and long-term care services prior to death. The NMFS was a collaborative effort involving twelve cosponsors, including ASPE. Since the frail elderly and other persons with disabilities are major users of health and long-term care services, it is important to have lifetime and prior-to-death estimates of their health, functional capacity, service use and expenditures and to be able to compare these data with data on the population as a whole. Information has been gathered on about 20,000 deaths. The NMFS supplements information from death certificates with information on important characteristics of the decedent.
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Contact: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, Phone 301-458-4000
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URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nmfs/nmfs.htm
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