CBM 95-8
Critical Pathways
January 1988 through December 1995
753 Citations
Prepared by
Ronald L. Gordner, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Patricia Moritz, Ph.D., F.A.A.N., National Institute of
Nursing Research
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
National Library of Medicine
Reference Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20894
1995
National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication
Gordner, Ronald L.
Critical pathways : January 1988 through December 1995 :
753 citations / prepared by Ronald L. Gordner, Patricia
Moritz. -- Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda
20894) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National
Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Pittsburgh, PA :
Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1995.
-- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 95-8)
1. Critical Pathways - bibliography 2. Managed Care
Programs - bibliography I. Moritz, Patricia. II. National
Library of Medicine (U.S.). Reference Section III. Title
IV. Series
02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no.95-8
SERIES NOTE
Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of
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30, 1996.
CRITICAL PATHWAYS
With the ongoing changes in the health care system, strategies have
been developed to facilitate the management and delivery of quality
clinical care in a time of constrained resources. Critical pathways have
emerged as one such strategy--one that is becoming increasingly
important as more patient-focused care is emphasized and as managed
care grows. Having initially been developed for use in hospitals, they
are now being used in other clinical areas, such as home care.
The term critical pathway was chosen for use in this bibliography
because it is currently the term more frequently used for clinical
pathways, care or clinical maps, clinical trajectories, and integrated
plans of care.
Critical pathways are plans for the provision of clinical services that
have expected time frames and resources targeted to specific diagnoses
and/or procedures. The targeted clinical services are frequently those
that are high in volume and resource use and, therefore, costly. Critical
pathways are usually interdisciplinary in focus, merging the medical and
nursing plans of care with those of other disciplines, such as physical
therapy, nutrition, or mental health. Essentially, critical pathways can
be viewed as interdisciplinary practice guidelines with predetermined
standards of care. They provide opportunities for collaborative
practice and team approaches that can maximize the expertise of
multiple disciplines. These pathways prospectively and directly link
clinical care activities and their costs with predetermined time
points and outcomes. When benchmarks are incorporated into the
pathways, they could facilitate clinical evaluation, especially evaluation
of the effectiveness and efficiency of treatments and intervention
strategies. Of concern is that
during the literature search for this bibliography, few studies of
pathways were found.
Originally, critical pathways began with admission and ended with
discharge from the hospital. Now as they are being
used in other settings, there is the potential for pathways to be focused
more on the full range of an episode of care rather than on a fragment
that is setting dependent. Such changes were considered in determining
the framework for this bibliography. The selection of publications are
categorized by the predominant clinical condition, setting or area of
emphasis; such as cardiovascular care, pain management, home health
care, patient teaching and consumer health, or ambulatory care.
Nursing care does not have a separate heading because nursing is
integrated into almost every category. This represents the leadership
that nursing has provided in the development and growth of critical
pathways and in the increasing recognition of their importance to high
quality cost effective care. The overview section includes historical,
classic, and review articles. Articles that were multi-faceted by clinical
area, setting, or discipline are listed in all pertinent categories.
This bibliography surveyed the medical literature in all languages from
January 1988 through December 1995; however; no pertinent foreign
language articles were found. Journal articles, books, book chapters,
conference papers, meeting abstracts, dissertations, theses, and
audiovisuals are included. Arrangement of the bibliography is by
subject and citations within each category are listed alphabetically by
author. Citations may be indexed to more than one category.
A number of Internet sites (not included in this bibliography) created by
clinical settings and vendors that address critical pathways may also be
found by utilizing varous wide world web searching tools. Three
examples of these wide world web sites and their URLs (uniform
resource locations) at the time of this publication are: Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Health Services Research Home Page
(http://www.csmc.edu/hsr); The Center for Health Education's
STATpath Interdisciplinary Plans of Care page
(http://www.statpath.com); and the VNA First Home Page of the
Visiting Nurse Associations and Community Nurse Services
(http://www.interaccess.com/VNAFIRST).
The compilers wish to thank Carol A. Vollmer, Information Resource
Specialist, The Quality Management Institute, A National Program of
the Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham, NC who contributed
additional citations for the final bibliography.
SEARCH STRATEGY
A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing
bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or
otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for
the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the
search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches
in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations
edited out prior to printing. Beginning with January 1996 indexing, a
new Medical Subject Heading CRITICAL PATHWAYS has been
created to search for relevant citations indexed since then. The see
reference CLINICAL PATHWAYS will also map to retrieve relevant
citations.
SS 1 = CRITICAL PATHWAYS
SS 2 = CLINICAL ADJ PATH# OR
CLINICAL ADJ PATHWAY: OR CRITICAL ADJ PATH# OR
CRITICAL ADJ PATHWAY:
SS 3 = CARE ADJ MAP# OR CARE ADJ MAPP: OR
ALL CAREMAP: (TW)
SS 4 = RECOVERY ADJ PATH# OR
RECOVERY ADJ PATHWAY: OR CLINICAL ADJ TRAJECTOR:
SS 5 = MULTIDISCIPLINARY ADJ ACTION ADJ PLAN:
SS 6 = CARE ADJ PATH# OR CARE ADJ PATHWAY:
SS 7 = 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6
SS 8 = CLINICAL NEAR PATH# OR
CLINICAL NEAR PATHWAY: OR
CRITICAL NEAR PATH# OR CRITICAL NEAR PATHWAY:
SS 9 = RECOVERY NEAR PATH# OR
RECOVERY NEAR PATHWAY:
SS 10 = CARE NEAR MAP# OR CARE NEAR MAPP: OR
CLINICAL NEAR TRAJECTOR: OR
RECOVERY NEAR MAP# OR RECOVERY NEAR MAPP:
SS 11 = STANDARDIZ: NEAR CARE OR
STANDARDIZ: NEAR PATH# OR
STANDARDIZ: NEAR PATHWAY:
SS 12 = 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11
SS 13 = 12 AND EXP NURSING RESEARCH OR 12 AND
EXP NURSING PROCESS OR 12 AND
PATIENT-CENTERED CARE OR 12 AND
LENGTH OF STAY
SS 14 = 12 AND QUALITY CONTROL OR 12 AND
EXP PATIENT CARE TEAM OR 12 AND
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT OR 12 AND
PATIENT CARE PLANNING
SS 15 = 12 AND CLINICAL PROTOCOLS OR 12 AND
PRACTICE GUIDELINES OR 12 AND
PRACTICE GUIDELINE (PT)
SS 16 = 12 AND EC (SH) OR 12 AND EXP ECONOMICS OR
12 AND DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS OR 12 AND
EXP N4.761
SS 17 = 13 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16
SS 18 = 7 OR 17
GRATEFUL MED
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shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at
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SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the
rules established for Index Medicus *. Sample journal
and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a
foreign language, the English translation of the
title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the
original language. In both cases the language of
publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end
of the citation.
Journal Article:
Authors Article Title
Sprouse MW, Whitmore BC. Developing a hospital policy for
clinical pathways.
J Healthc Qual 1995 Nov-Dec;17(6):40-51.
Abbreviated Journal Date Volume Issue Pages
Title
Monograph:
Authors/Editors Title
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for collaborative
practice.
Philadelphia: Saunders; 1995. 362 p.
Place of Publisher Date Total No.
Publication of Pages
_________________________________
*For details of the formats used for references, see the following
publication:
Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats
for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr.
Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW
MANAGED CARE
PATIENT EDUCATION AND CONSUMER HEALTH ISSUES
STAFF EDUCATION AND MARKETING ISSUES
RURAL HEALTH AND SMALL HOSPITAL ISSUES
INTRAPROFESSIONAL ISSUES
LEGAL ISSUES
DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS ISSUES
VARIANCE TRACKING
EVALUATION
SPECIFIC CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Ambulatory Care
Cardiovascular Care
Critical and Emergency Care
General critical care
Neonatal intensive care
General emergency care
Burn care
Dermatological and Wound Care
Endocrine Disorders and Care
Gastrointestinal Care
Geriatric Care
Home Health Care
Infectious Disease Care and Control
Long Term Care
Neurological and Neurosurgical Care
Oncological Care
Ophthalmological Care
Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Care
Otolaryngological Care
Pain Management and Care
Pediatric Care
Perioperative Care
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care
Psychiatric and Mental Health Care
Radiological Diagnosis and Care
Respiratory Care
Subacute Care
Urological and Renal Care
Women's Health Care
Other Clinical Areas
OVERVIEW
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Ahrens T. Credit where credit is due; it's the
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1996 Feb;16(1):17, 19; discussion 19-20. Comment
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Aspling DL, Lagoe RJ. Development and
implementation of a program to reduce hospital
stays and manage resources on a community-wide
basis. Nurs Adm Q 1995 Fall;20(1):1-11.
Beyea SC. Critical pathways for collaborative nursing
care. Menlo Park (CA): Addison-Wesley Nursing;
1996.
Beyond tasks: critical thinking teaches nurses to ask
why. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):1-3.
Brandt M. Clinical practice guidelines and critical paths
roadmaps to quality, cost effective care (Part II).
J AHIMA 1994 Feb;65(2):54-7; quiz 58-9.
Brider P. Who killed the nursing care plan? Am J Nurs
1991 May;91(5):35-9.
Bryant MR. Cabinet on research. Critical pathways:
what they are and what they are not. A two-part
article: optimal care paths. Tar Heel Nurse 1995
Sep-Oct;57(5):18-9.
Can you ever have too many pathways? Hosp Case
Manag 1995 Jul;3(7):115-6.
Capuano TA. Clinical pathways: practical approaches,
positive outcomes. Nurs Manag 1995 Jan;26(1):
34-7.
CareTrac management system streamlines care at
ScrippsHealth. Physician Manag 1994 Jan 15;
5(1):1-2.
Choosing high-volume, high cost DRGs for pathways
not always best bet. Hosp Peer Rev 1995 Oct;
20(10):137-40.
Clinical or care paths: an overview. Home Care Nurse
News 1995 Apr;2(4):3.
Clinical pathways ensure quality outcomes, meet payer
demands. Womens Health Cent Manag 1995 Mar;
3(3):29-33.
Clinical pathways shorten length of stay but don't
always cut delivery costs. Physician Manag 1995
Apr 21;6(8):1, 8.
Coffey RJ, Othman JE, Walters JI. Extending the
application of critical path methods. Qual Health
Care 1995 Winter;3(2):14-29.
Coffey RJ, Richards JS, Remmert CS, LeRoy SS,
Schoville RR, Baldwin PJ. An introduction to
critical paths. Qual Health Care 1992 Fall;
1(1):45-54.
Cohen EL, ed. Nurse case management in the 21st
century. St. Louis: Mosby; forthcoming 1996.
Cohen EL. Nursing case management: does it pay?
J Nurs Adm 1991 Apr;21(4):20-5.
Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
concept to evaluation. St. Louis: Mosby; 1993.
239 p.
Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
concept to evaluation. St. Louis: Mosby; 1993.
Brainstorming: development of the multidisciplinary
action plan (MAP); p. 117-25.
Competing NY hospitals work together developing
critical paths. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Jan;1(1):
18-20.
Comried LA. Cost analysis: initiation of HBMC and
first CareMap . Nurs Econ 1996 Jan-Feb;14(1):
34-9.
Cook JC. Clinical pathways improve organizational
performance. QRC Advis 1994 Sep;10(11):1, 5-6.
Cordell JL. A guide to developing clinical pathways.
MLO Med Lab Obs 1995 Apr;27(4):35-9.
Cornwell P. Designing tools for pathway
implementation and evaluation. J Burn Care Rehabil
1995 Mar-Apr;16(2 Pt 2):202-8.
Critical path development model helps system's
hospitals standardize data. QI TQM 1994 Dec;
4(12):169-71.
Critical path use doesn't have to be as traumatic as the
condition. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Nov;3(11):
165-6, 168.
Critical paths and care maps: do they mark the road to
interdisciplinary collaborative practice
[videocassette]? Aliso Viejo (CA): American
Association of Critical-Care Nursing; 1995. 1
videocassette: 105 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Credits: Phyllis Reading, executive producer.
Critical paths can diminish risks, increase
accountability. Hosp Risk Manag 1994 Feb;16(2):
17-21, S1-S4.
Critical paths concept evolves into more comprehensive
system. Hosp Peer Rev 1992 Feb;17(2):27-30.
Critical paths for common DRGs. Atlanta (GA):
American Health Consultants; 1993. 23 p.
Critical pathway development and total quality
management. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Jul;1(7):134,
136.
Critical pathways [videocassette]. [Carrollton (TX)]:
Westcott Communications; 1993. 1 videocassette:
75 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Credits: Jorie Kline,
performer.
Critical pathways and case management sourcebook.
Irving (TX): Voluntary Hospitals of America; 1994.
234 p.
Critical pathways lead to quality UR tools. Physician
Manag 1993 Jun;4(6):1-3.
Critical pathways primer. Drug resource action manual.
Houston: Owen Healthcare, Inc.; 1994. Includes
computer disk.
Curran CR. An interview with Mary Beth Pais... the
recipient of the 1993 Nursing Economic$
Excellence Award. Nursing Econ 1994 Jan-Feb;
12(1):5-9.
Danish A. Critical care pathways: the basics of
development and implementation. Continuum 1995
Mar-Apr;15(2):1, 3-8.
Davis JT, Allen HD, Felver K, Rummell HM, Powers
JD, Cohen DM. Clinical pathways can be based on
acuity, not diagnosis. Ann Thorac Surg 1995 May;
59(5):1074-8.
Dearing G. Lovelace Health Systems implements
episodes of care. Outcomes Meas Manag 1995
Mar;6(2):1, 3.
Demott K. Critical pathways save $6.4 M, cut ALOS at
The Christ Hospital. Rep Med Guidel Outcomes
1994 Sep 22;5(18):1-2, 5.
Di Lima SN, Howe RS, eds. Medical case management:
forms, checklists, and guidelines. Gaithersburg
(MD): Aspen Publishers; 1995 Sep-.
Eastes L. Commentary on: The clinical process and the
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May-Jun;3(3):14.
Ebener MK, Baugh K, Formella NM. Proving that less
is more: linking resources to outcomes. J Nurs Care
Qual 1996 Jan;10(2):1-9.
Ernst & Young. Critical pathways [videocassette].
[Carrolton (TX)]: Westcott Communications; 1993.
1 videocassette: 30 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Credits: Sally Berger, host.
Etheredge MLS. Collaborative care: nursing case
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Evangelista M. Transferable pathway benefits hospital,
hospice. Hosp Case Manag 1995 May;3(5):75-8.
The evolving health care market....Making the cuts.
Nutrition 1995 May-Jun;11(3):315-6.
Ferdinand M. Regionalization: Canadian-style
integrated networks. A case study. J Healthc
Resour 1995 Jan;13(1):14-20.
Ferguson LE. Steps to developing a critical pathway.
Nurs Adm Q 1993 Spring;17(3):58-62.
Fine tuning of critical pathways lies in auxiliary
algorithms. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Feb;3(2):21-4.
Five years of redesign! Hartford Hospital leaders say
they have embarked on a journey without an end.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Mar-Apr;1(2):13-5.
Flynn AM, Kilgallen ME. Case management: a
multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of cost
and quality standards. J Nurs Care Qual 1993 Oct;
8(1):58-66.
Four-level analysis isolates data for clinical-financial
treatment pathways. Physician Manag 1995
Mar 17;6(6):1-2.
Garbin BA. Introduction to clinical pathways. J Healthc
Qual 1995 Nov-Dec;17(6):6-9.
Gelinas LS, Manthey M. Improving patient outcomes
through system change: a focus on the changing
roles of healthcare organization executives. J Nurs
Adm 1995 May;25(5):55-63.
Generic pathways can lead to individualized
documentation. Hosp Case Manag 1993 May;1(5):
89-90.
Geradi T. A regional hospital association's approach to
clinical pathway development. J Healthc Qual 1994
Sep-Oct;16(5):10-4.
Gibson GD. Clinical pathways: integrated medical
guidelines for quality outcomes. La Mesa (CA):
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Giffin M, Giffin RB. Critical pathways produce tangible
results. Health Care Strateg Manag 1994 Jul;12(7):
1, 17-23.
Giuliano KK, Poirier CE. Nursing case management:
critical pathways to desirable outcomes. Nurs
Manag 1991 Mar;22(3):52-5.
Gomberg F, Miller K. Focused care centers,
decentralization, cross-training, and care paths
define "world class healthcare" at Florida's Lee
Memorial. Strateg Healthc Excell 1992 Mar;5(3):
1-7.
Gordon M. Steps to pathway development. J Burn Care
Rehabil 1995 Mar-Apr;16(2 Pt 2):197-202.
Grant PH, Campbell LL, Gautney LJ. Implementing
case management and developing clinical pathways.
J Healthc Qual 1995 Nov-Dec;17(6):10-6.
Greenfield E. Critical pathways: what they are and what
they are not. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995 Mar-Apr;
16(2 Pt 2):196-7.
Gwozdz DT, Del Togno-Armanasco V. Streamlining
patient care documentation. J Nurs Adm 1992 May;
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Hassan SF. The effect of "clinical pathways" on hospital
costs and patients' length of stay: a systems
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Hawkes WG. Bibliography: critical paths. J N Y State
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Heacock D, Brobst RA. A multidisciplinary approach to
critical path development: a valuable CQI tool.
J Nurs Care Qual 1994 Jul;8(4):38-41.
Healey KM, Loukota SS, Sears TD, Miles RR,
Galbraith TA. Innovation and dedication. One
institution finds critical paths are only part of the
quality/cost solution. Hosp Health Netw 1994
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Hirtzel-Trexler BJ. Commentary on Critical pathway
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Hofmann PA. Critical path method: an important tool
for coordinating clinical care. Jt Comm J Qual
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Hogan P. Putting it all together: critical paths,
outcomes, variance analyses, and accountability.
Inside Case Manag 1995 Jan;1(10):3-4.
Hospital saves $4.4 million with critical paths over 2
years. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Nov;2(11):188-92.
Hunstein BF. From beta site to hospitalwide clinical
pathways. Healthc Inform 1995 Feb;12(2):34, 36.
Ignatavicius DD. Clinical pathways: the wave of the
future. HT Mag Healthc Travel Prof 1995
Mar-Apr;2(5):22-5, 46-7.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
1995. 362 p.
Incorporating practice guidelines and clinical pathways
into patient care. Qual Lett Healthc Lead 1995 Oct;
7(8):1.
Insurers offer savings to hospitals with critical paths.
Hosp Case Manag 1994 Feb;2(2):35-6.
Johnson S. Patient focused care without the upheaval.
Nurs Stand 1994 Apr 13-19;8(29):20-2.
Joseph ED. Advanced techniques in the development
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Joseph ED. The critical pathways implementation guide.
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105 p.
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71 p.
Just do it! Advice from the leader of a five-year-old
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Kalbhen J. Protocols--going down the clinical path.
Hosp Health Netw 1995 Oct 5;69(19):86.
Kealey GP, Burger M. Utilization of critical pathways
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Kennedy M. Ten strategies for making clinical
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Keyzer DM. Expanding the role of the nurse: nurse
practitioners and case managers. Aust J Rural
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Kimball L. Collaborative care: a quality improvement
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Jul-Aug;15(4):6-9.
Korpiel MR. Issues related to clinical pathways:
managed care, implementation, and liability. J Burn
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Korycan T. Tips from the front lilne: achieving cost and
quality benefits in critical pathway implementation.
Qual Health Care 1995 Winter;3(2):71-3.
Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
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Lumsdon K. Exploring the continuum. In uncharted
waters, health networks map continuums of care--
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Lumsdon K. Rule 1 on critical paths: proceed with
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Luttman RJ, Laffel GL, Pearson SD. Using PERT/CPM
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improve clinical processes. Qual Health Care 1995
Winter;3(2):1-13.
Mangano J. Two different routes to using critical
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Marquette-Owens K, Trombley M. Clinical pathways: a
way to improve quality and reduce cost. Colo Nurse
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Martich D. The role of the nurse educator in the
development of critical pathways. J Nurs Staff Dev
1993 Sep-Oct;9(5):227-9.
McCloskey JC, Mass M, Huber DG, Kasparek A,
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C, Ellerbe S, Etscheidt C, Gongaware C, Johnson
M, Kelly K, MehmErt P, Clougherty J. Nursing
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Meiches RK. Fairview's Clinical Pathway Project. Minn
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Merry MD. Guidelines and pathways: where do they fit
in? Inside Case Manag 1995 Feb 17;6(4):5.
Miller J, Newton V, Havercroft J. Nursing patients
through "pathways of care." Prof Nurse 1995 Sep;
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Milne CT, Pelletier LC. Enhancing staff skill.
Developing critical pathways at a community
hospital. J Nurs Staff Dev 1994 May-Jun;
10(3):160-2.
Morrall K. Coordinated care. Paving the road to
Medicare savings. Hosp Health Netw 1996 Jan 20;
70(2):43.
Mosher C, Cronk P, Kidd A, McCormick P, Stockton
S, Sulla C. Upgrading practice with critical
pathways. Am J Nurs 1992 Jan;92(1):41-4.
Moss MT. Practical implementation of outcomes
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1994 Jan;3(1):40-5.
Multidisciplinary plan wows Joint Commission. Hosp
Peer Rev 1996 Jan;21(1):4-5.
Nelson MF, Christenson RH. The focused review
process: a utilization management firm's experience
with length of stay guidelines. Jt Comm J Qual
Improv 1995 Sep;21(9):477-87.
Newman B. Enhancing patient care: case management
and critical pathways. Aust J Adv Nurs 1995
Spring;13(1):16-24.
Nordquist R. Factors that influence utilization of
established critical paths [masters thesis].
Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota; 1994.
66 p.
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Pictorial pathways offer itineraries of hospital
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QI keys identified to ensure hospital supports
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Telling consumers about critical paths. Presbyterian
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TN hospital includes advance directive choices on
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Educating for survival: different resources dictate
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Lessner MW, Organek NS, Shah HS, Williams CA,
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A lesson learned: pathway users must be present at the
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NC hospital begins its first outcomes project. Requires
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Overcoming the education obstacle. Hosp Case Manag
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Path development takes on community approach. Hosp
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Physicians, CareMaps, and collaboration. New Defin
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Power of pathways now in staff hands. Hosp Case
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Proven tips to keep path teams motivated. Hosp Case
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Reduce staff education woes--target audience. Hosp
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Teaching staff nurses accountability. Nurse manager
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Who says resource management can't be fun for
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RURAL HEALTH AND
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Busteed S. The challenges of implementing quality
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Central New York hospitals band together on 17 critical
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Graybeal KB, Gheen M, McKenna B. Clinical pathway
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Greaser T, Kemph R, Burns D. Nursing case
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Small community hospital show larger facility the way.
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INTRAPROFESSIONAL ISSUES
Abbott J, Young A, Haxton R, Van Dyke P.
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Aspling DL, Lagoe RJ. Development and
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Borland C, Yorke G, Davies S, Wells Johnson P. A
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Brandt M. Clinical practice guidelines and critical paths--
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J AHIMA 1994 Jan;65(1):51-4; quiz 55-60.
Calming MD fears of path liability. Hosp Case Manag
1993 Jun;1(6):111, 113-4.
CareMap system survives two mergers. CQI, teams,
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CareMaps enhance practioners control. Physician
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Case managers must negotiate a power base. Advice on
building relationships. Issues Outcomes 1995
Nov-Dec;1(6):7-8.
Clinical pathways checklist for subacute care facilities.
Physician Manag 1995 Apr 21;6(8):7.
Comfort measures only. Physician's professional and
personal experiences inspire pathway for the dying.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):7-9.
A controlled study of a stroke clinical pathway. Unique
format gets superior outcomes. Issues Outcomes
1995 Mar-Apr;1(2):7-8.
Costello MM, Murphy KM. Clinical guidelines: a
defense in medical malpractice suits. Physician
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Critical paths conflict with MDs' traditional ethics.
Hosp Peer Rev 1995 Oct;29(10):140-1.
Critical pathways can help reduce incidents of
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Apr 15;5(7):1, 8.
D'Abramo JE. Nurse administrators' views regarding
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Don't automatically point fingers at doctors. Hosp Case
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Doty WD, Curry CR Jr, Goellner W, Holman KI,
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Action by physicians and other health-care
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J Fla Med Assoc 1995 Feb;82(2):108-42.
Eastes L. Commentary on The clinical process and the
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Employers, hospitals, and insurance company team up
to offer pathways. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Apr;
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Feedback prompts physician participation. Hosp Case
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Ferdinand M. Reducing orthopedic implant costs. A
physician-driven approach at Mt. Sinai Medical
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Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
the multidisciplinary home care team. Gaithersburg
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Goode CJ. Evaluation of patient and staff outcomes with
hospital-based managed care [dissertation]. Iowa
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Goode CJ. Impact of a CareMap and case management
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Hopkins EM, Schendel SA. Critical pathway use:
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presented at: 52nd Annual Meeting of the American
Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association; 1995 Apr 24-29;
Tampa, FL. Abstract available from: American
Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Hospital reduces practice pattern variation before
starting pathway. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Oct;
3(10):149-50.
Hospitals find the unexpected works best when winning
MDs over to case management. Hosp Case Manag
1993 Dec;1(12):205-9.
Hospitals integrate MDs in variance tracking efforts.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):18-20.
Hospitals use practice data to garner physician support.
Hosp Case Manag 1994 Jul;2(7):121-4.
How to market paths for successful staff buy-in. Hosp
Case Manag 1995 Apr;3(4):58, 63-4.
How to win physician support for hospital case
management programs. Hosp Case Manag 1993
Feb;1(2):21-4.
Hunter JC. Commentary on Critical pathways in
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Nurs Scan Oncol 1994 Jan-Feb;3(1):22.
Kennedy M. Ten strategies for making clinical
guidelines and pathways work. Qual Lett Healthc
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Kibbe DC, Bentz E, McLaughlin CP. Continuous
quality improvement for continuity of care. J Fam
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Kutterhagen JG, Patton MD. Critical pathways in
oncology: balancing the interests of hospitals and
the physicians. J Oncol Manag 1993 Jul-Aug:2(4):
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Language, order sets, progress notes. Three physicians
share leadership strategies. Issues Outcomes 1995
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Lawson RD. Implementing an integrated program of
resource management. J Healthc Qual 1995
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London J. On the right path: collaborative case
management makes nurses partners in the care
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Lynn P. UWMC's new "coordinated care" program.
Wash Nurse 1993 Nov-Dec;23(6):24.
Make path development teams integral part of CM.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Mar;3(3):48-50.
Measuring staff satisfaction when making major
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Multidisciplinary plan wows Joint Commission. Hosp
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Musfeldt C. A clinical look at critical pathways. Healthc
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Musfeldt C. Here's why critical pathways make sense
for your practice. Care 1994 Oct;3(10): 49-50.
Musfeldt C, Hart RI. Physician-Directed Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Plans: a quality cure for America's
health-care crisis. J Soc Health Syst 1993;4(1):80-8.
NC hospital begins its first outcomes project. Requires
commitment, clerical help, and software. Issues
Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):10-2.
Nolin C. An analysis of the use and effect of CareMap
tools in medical malpractice litigation. South Natick
(MA): Center for Case Mananagement; 1994. 40 p.
Nurse care managers + critical paths = savings.
Physician Manag 1993 Mar;4(3):2-3.
Osguthorpe SG. Collaborative practice. In: Birdsall C,
ed. Managment issues in critical care. St. Louis:
Mosby Year Book; 1991. p. 83-96.
Parallel MD orders keep critical paths in physicians'
view daily. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Nov;2(11):
177-8, 181-2.
Patton MD, Kutterhagen JG. Critical pathways in
oncology: aligning resource expenditures with
clinical outcomes. J Oncol Manag 1994 Jul-Aug;
3(4):16-21.
Pearson C, McGough A. Benefits of multidisciplinary
audit in the care of stroke patients. J Assoc Qual
Healthc 1994 Spring;1(2):42-5.
Pearson SD, Goulart-Fisher D, Lee TH. Critical
pathways as a strategy for improving care:
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Dec 15;123(12):941-8.
Pediatrician leads case management. Research is an
integral part of the program. Issues Outcomes 1995
May-Jun;1(3):7-8.
Physician-Directed Diagnostic and Therapeutic Plans:
MD's guide critical path for GI non-variceal
bleeding. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Mar;1(3):49, 52.
Physician-driven depression path standardizes care.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Aug;3(8):123, 126.
Physician-led pathways pose special challenges.
Stanford grapples with authority and education
issues. Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):9-11.
Physicians, CareMaps, and collaboration. New Defin
1992 Winter;7(1):1-4.
Physicians play key role in guideline development.
Manag Care Qual 1995 May;1(4):44-7.
Puetz BE. Where are the nurses?... develop and
implement critical pathways. J Nurs Staff Dev 1993
Mar-Apr;9(2):61.
QI keys identified to ensure hospital supports
physicians, clinical paths. QI TQM 1994 Feb;4(2):
13-6.
Reiling JG, Baehr LJ. Hospitals' newest challenge:
designing in quality. Physician Exec 1994 Dec;
20(12):26-9.
RN-MD communication issues: could this be a
male-female thing? Hosp Case Manag 1993
Feb;1(2):24-5.
Smith GB, Danforth DA, Owens PJ. Role restructuring:
nurse, case manager, and educator. Nurs Adm Q
1994 Fall;19(1):21-32.
Staying alive: six years of ups and downs but finally
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Tahan HA, Cesta TG. Developing case management
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1994 Dec;24(12):49-58.
Wall D, Joseph E. Critical pathways: healthcare
providers, payers rush to embrace elusive concept.
Qual Manag Update 1993;3(2):1-2.
Weilitz PB, Potter PA. A managed care system.
Financial and clinical evaluation. J Nurs Adm 1993
Nov;23(11):51-7.
Willingness to change characterizes busy surgeon.
Revascularization pathways save $2,000 and two
days per patient. Issues Outcomes 1995 Nov-Dec;
1(6):9-10.
LEGAL ISSUES
Calming MD fears of path liability. Hosp Case Manag
1993 Jun;1(6):111, 113-4.
Clinical pathways and risk. QRC Advis 1995 Jun;11(8):
1, 6-7.
Comfort measures only. Physician's professional and
personal experiences inspire pathway for the dying.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):7-9.
Costello MM, Murphy KM. Clinical guidelines: a
defense in medical malpractice suits. Physician
Exec 1995 Aug;21(8):10-2.
CPs bring insurance savings. Hosp Risk Manag 1994
Feb;16(2):23.
Critical paths as legal documentation: the dangerous
waters of charting by exception. Hosp Case Manag
1993 Mar;1(13):54-60.
Critical paths can diminish risks, increase
accountability. Hosp Risk Manag 1994 Feb;16(2):
17-21, S1-S4.
Critical pathways can help reduce incidents of
malpractice litigation. Physician Manag 1994
Apr 15;5(7):1, 8.
Korpiel MR. Issues related to clinical pathways:
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Lumsdon K. Clinical paths: a good defense in
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Jul 5;68(13):58.
Maine makes guidelines an affirmative defense. Hosp
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Nolin C. An analysis of the use and effect of CareMap
tools in medical malpractice litigation. South Natick
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Nolin CE. Malpractice claims, patient communication,
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Nolin CE, Clougherty LA. Will critical paths keep you
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Paths are no substitute for good documentation,
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Paths remind caregivers of record requirements. Hosp
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Pearson SD, Goulart-Fisher D, Lee TH. Critical
pathways as a strategy for improving care:
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Dec 15;123(12):941-8.
RMs can help navigate along critical paths. Hosp Risk
Manag 1994 Feb;16(2):21-2.
Rozovsky F. Clinical pathways improve care delivery.
But beware--attorneys may use them as standards in
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Sprouse MW, Whitmore BC. Developing a hospital
policy for clinical pathways. J Healthc Qual 1995
Nov-Dec;17(6):40-51.
TN hospital includes advance directive choices on
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DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS ISSUES
Abbott J, Hronek C, Mirecki JK. The leap to
automating clinical pathways. J Healthc Resour
1995 Jun;13(6):8-16.
Acord Szczesny J. Computer tracking of critical path
variations. Inside Case Manag 1994 May;1(2):1-3.
Adams RA. Computerization of patient acuity and
nursing care planning: new approach to improved
patient care and cost effective staffing... selected
authors from 1985 update their articles. J Nurs
Adm 1995 Jan;25(1):8.
Ambulatory case management saves HMO $8 million.
Questionnaires and histories identify at-risk patients.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):6-7.
American Health Information Managment Association.
Position statement. Issue: clinical practice
guidelines and critical paths--roles of HIM
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Ashworth GB, Aubrey C. Collaborative care
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Be selective when using new indicator measurement
system... the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations' indicator measurement
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Berkey T. Benchmarking in health care: turning
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1994 May;20(5):277-84.
Brandt M. Clinical practice guidelines and critical paths--
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J AHIMA 1994 Jan;65(1):51-4; quiz 55-60.
Carty B. Information features of clinical nursing
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New York: Columbia University Teachers College;
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Chu S, Thom J. Information technology as a proactive
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Clements F, Love K. Responsive restructuring: decision
support for coordinated care financial and clinical
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Clinical workstations designed to support clinical
pathways. Physician Manag 1995 Feb 17;6(4):5.
Community-wide stroke pathway unites caregivers.
Asheville, NC provider council begins to create
seamless care. Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;
1(3):11-3.
Costing a clinical map. MA hospital goes beyond the
length of stay. Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):
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Critical pathway automation--alpha, beta, but no omega.
Hosp Case Manag 1993 Jun;1(6):101-4.
DiJerome L. The nursing case management
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Documentation, CM system praised by Joint
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Eagar K, Milbourne K, Hindle D. Computerised care
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An entire hospital learns how to learn before
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Fields M. Critical pathways: high roads to better patient
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George EL, Large AA. Reducing length of stay in
patients undergoing open heart surgery: the
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Gogola M. A joint hospital/vendor project brings CQI
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Greiner JE. Microlevel documentation: relational
database for critical path development. Semin Nurse
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Grover FL, Hammermeister KE, Shroyer AL. Quality
initiatives and the power of the database: what they
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Hospital finds success with CM approach on second try
emphasis now on outcomes... case management.
Hosp Case Manag 1994 Feb;2(2):21-6.
Hronek C. Redesigning documentation: clinical
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Hunstein BF. From beta site to hospitalwide clinical
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Indicator sheets streamline paths, improve variance
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Integrated clinical pathway documentation: it works!
Hosp Case Manag 1994 Apr;2(4):61-4.
Interim automation solutions to variance analysis. Three
hospitals share what's working for them. Issues
Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):9-10.
Issues in evaluating a clinical pathway program. A
biostatistician and project leader share their
experiences. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jan-Feb;1(1):
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King MM, McDonald B, Good D. Redesigning care
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Landry PJ. Use of severity adjusted comparative
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Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1995:
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Linking nursing costs to pathways. SunHealth combines
a patient classification system, clinical pathways,
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Mar-Apr;1(2):9-10.
Luttman RJ, Laffel GL, Pearson SD. Using PERT/CPM
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Map your course with pathway automation, new
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McMahon LF Jr, Eward AM, Bernard AM, Hayward
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integrated inpatient management model's clinical
management information system. Hosp Health Serv
Adm 1994 Spring;39(1):81-92.
Mendenhall S, Prock S. Variance program melds
hospital's, vendor's ideas. Hosp Case Manag 1995
Jan;3(1):14-5, 18.
Metzler S. Using detailed billing data to develop critical
paths. QRC Advis 1994 Feb;10(4):4-6.
Mosher C, Cronk P, Kidd A, McCormick P, Stockton
S, Sulla C. Upgrading practice with critical
pathways. Am J Nurs 1992 Jan;92(1):41-4.
Musfeldt C. A clinical look at critical pathways. Healthc
Inform 1995 Feb;12(2):44-6, 48.
NC hospital begins its first outcomes project. Requires
commitment, clerical help, and software. Issues
Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):10-2.
PA hospital computerizes variance analysis system, aids
pathway team. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):
1-4.
Pathways as a complete documentation system. It makes
all the difference! Issues Outcome 1995 Nov-Dec;
1(6):4-6.
Pediatrician leads case management. Research is an
integral part of the program. Issues Outcomes 1995
May-Jun;1(3):7-8.
Pigott HE. Linking outcomes analysis to critical clinical
pathways. Behav Healthc Tomorrow 1995 Jan-Feb;
4(1):59-61.
Porter AL. Commentary: on Case management a must
to survive managed care [original article by Barrett
M in COMP HEALTHC 1993;14(6):22-5]. AONES
Leadersh Prospect 1993 Nov-Dec;1(1):11.
PathBuilder - a tool for developing pathway. Inside
Case Manag 1995 Mar;1(12):5-7.
Schriefer J. Managing critical pathway variances. Qual
Health Care 1995 Winter;3(2):30-42.
Schriefer J, Leff E, Barber S. Tools for handling
capitation, case management, pathways, and
algorithms. Inside Case Manag 1995 Aug;2(5):1-4.
Smith HQ, Buszta C. Gaining acceptance in the use of
critical pathways. Nurs Qual Connect 1994
Nov-Dec;4(3):10-1.
Some sources for guidelines and outcomes measures.
Mapping care requires a variety of supportive
information. Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):
4-6.
Spath PL. Critical paths: a tool for clinical process
management. J AHIMA 1993 Mar;64(3):48-58.
Spath PL. The information imperative of outcomes
management. Top Health Inf Manag 1995 Feb;
15(3):17-28.
Sperry S. Opportunities and challenges: strategies for
implementing multidisciplinary documentation
forms. Aspens Advis Nurse Exec 1994 Jun;9(9):
1, 3-4, special insert [2p].
St. Rita's Medical Center (Lima, OH). Documentation
of occupational injuries in the ED. ED Manag 1994
Sep;6(9 Suppl):[7 p.].
The streamlined path: hospital condenses path to single
page. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Dec;1(12):219-20.
Tohara CS. On the line: professional practice solutions
... critical paths. J AHIMA 1995 Mar;66(3):36, 38.
Variance tracking reflects the growing computerization
of CM. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Oct;1(10):177-8,
183.
Vollmer C. Clinical pathways: expanding the librarian's
role. MLA News 1995 May;(275):9.
Vollmer C. Librarians join the clinical pathways team.
Natl Netw 1993 Nov;18(2):6-11.
The wilderness of variance analysis. Survey shows
similarity of struggles. Issues Outcomes 1995
Nov-Dec;1(6):11-2.
Windle PE. Critical pathways: an integrated
documentation tool. Nurs Manag 1994 Sep;25(9):
80F-80L, 80P.
VARIANCE TRACKING
Acord Szczesny J. Computer tracking of critical path
variations. Inside Case Manag 1994 May;1(2):1-3.
Armbruster TD. The relationship between critical
pathways and patient outcomes on total knee
replacement patients [masters thesis]. Louisville
(KY): Bellarmine College; 1993. 76 p.
Barnes RV, Lawton L, Briggs D. Clinical
benchmarking improves clinical paths: experience
with coronary artery bypass grafting. Jt Comm J
Qual Improv 1994 May;20(5):267-76.
Blegen MA, Reiter RC, Goode CJ, Murphy RR.
Outcomes of hospital-based managed care: a
multivariate analysis of cost and quality. Obstet
Gynecol 1995 Nov;86(5):809-14.
Breitweiser A. Variance tracking can be a learning
process. Inside Case Manag 1995 Mar;1(12):6.
Bueno MM, Hwang RF. Understanding variances in
hospital stay. Nurs Manag 1993 Nov;24(11):51-7.
Chemotherapy pathway tracks variance from goals, not
tasks. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Apr;1(4):69-70.
Coping with bottlenecks and variances. Hosp Case
Manag 1993 Feb;1(2):38.
Hogan P. Putting it all together: critical paths,
outcomes, variance analyses, and accountability.
Inside Case Manag 1995 Jan;1(10):3-4.
Hospital integrate MDs in variance tracking efforts.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):18-20.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
1995. 362 p.
Indicator sheets streamline paths, improve variance
tracking. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Apr;3(4):53-8.
Interim automation solutions to variance analysis. Three
hospitals share what's working for them. Issues
Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):9-10.
Keep focus on the big picture when tackling variance
analysis. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Aug;1(8):150-2.
King MM, McDonald B, Good D. Redesigning care
using total quality management and
outcome/variance analysis. Aspens Advis Nurse
Exec 1995 Feb;10(5):3-5, [1 p. insert].
Mendenhall S, Prock S. Variance program melds
hospital's, vendor's ideas. Hosp Case Manag 1995
Jan;3(1):14-5, 18.
Michel J. Home health clinical paths produce functional
outcome data. Inside Case Manag 1995 Feb;1(11):
5-7.
Miller TI, Keatley MA. Use caution when interpreting
variance analyses. Inside Case Manag 1995 Mar;
1(12):1-3.
Mount Clemens General Hospital (Clinton Township,
MI). Exhibit 2. Mount Clemens General Hospital
critical path: variance reports. Inside Case Manag
1994 Apr;1(1):[2 p. insert].
PA hospital computerizes variance analysis system, aids
pathway team. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):
1-4.
Pearson SD, Goulart-Fisher D, Lee TH. Critical
pathways as a strategy for improving care:
problems and potential. Ann Intern Med 1995
Dec 15;123(12):941-8.
Schriefer J. Managing critical pathway variances. Qual
Health Care 1995 Winter;3(2):30-42.
Spath PL. To sample or not to sample. Hosp Case
Manag 1995 Aug;3(8):128-30.
Stroke path calls for care when evaluating variances.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Nov;3(11):176-7.
Take the next step in variance management. Hosp Case
Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):4-6.
Tidwell SL. A graphic tool for tracking variance &
comorbidities in cardiac surgery case management.
Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1993 Fall;8(2):6-19.
Variance tracking reflects the growing computerization
of CM. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Oct;1(10):177-8,
183.
Wall D, Joseph E. Analyzing critical pathways with
statistics. Qual Manag Update 1993 Jun;3:8-10.
Which perioperative variances should you track? Hosp
Case Manag 1994 Jun;2(6):95.
The wilderness of variance analysis. Survey shows
similarity of struggles. Issues Outcomes 1995
Nov-Dec;1(6):11-2.
Windle PE. Critical pathways: an integrated
documentation tool. Nurs Manag 1994 Sep;25(9):
80F-80L, 80P.
Zander K. Quantifying, managing, and improving
quality. Part III. Using variance concurrently...
CareMap tools. New Defin 1992 Fall;7(4):1-4.
Zander K, ed. Managing outcomes through
collaborative care: the application of CareMapping
and case management. Chicago: American Hospital
Pub.; 1995. 207 p.
EVALUATION
Abbott J, Young A, Haxton R, Van Dyke P.
Collaborative care: a professional model that
influences job satisfaction. Nurs Econ 1994
May-Jun;12(3):167-9, 174.
Acord Szczesny J. Computer tracking of critical path
variations. Inside Case Manag 1994 May;1(2):1-3.
Algorithms boost critical pathways' effectiveness. QI
TQM 1995 Aug;5(8):94-7.
Armbruster TD. The relationship between critical
pathways and patient outcomes on total knee
replacement patients [masters thesis]. Louisville
(KY): Bellarmine College; 1993. 76 p.
Blegen MA, Reiter RC, Goode CJ, Murphy RR.
Outcomes of hospital-based managed care: a
multivariate analysis of cost and quality. Obstet
Gynecol 1995 Nov;86(5):809-14.
Borland C, Yorke G, Davies S, Wells Johnson P. A
collaborative care planning and audit experience on
myocardial infarction. J Assoc Qual Healthc 1995
Spring;2(4):115-20.
Bowen J, Yaste C. Effect of a stroke protocol on
hospital costs of stroke patients. Neurology 1994
Oct;44(10):1961-4.
Calligaro KD, Dougherty MJ, Raviola CA, Musser DJ,
DeLaurentis DA. Impact of clinical pathways on
hospital costs and early outcome after major
vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 1995 Dec;22(6):
649-57; discussion 657-60.
Catherwood E, O'Rourke DJ. Critical pathway
management of unstable angina. Prog Cardiovasc
Dis 1994 Nov-Dec;37(3):121-48.
Chenger PL, Erickson S. The cost effectiveness of
coordinated care: how managed care and case
management impact healthcare delivery. Tenn
Nurse 1993 Summer;56(2):12-3.
Collier PE. Are one-day admissions for carotid
endarterectomy feasible? Am J Surg 1995 Aug;
170(2):140-3.
Comried LA. Cost analysis: initiation of HBMC and
first CareMap . Nurs Econ 1996 Jan-Feb;14(1):
34-9.
Counsell CM, Guin PR, Limbaugh B. Coordinated care
for the neuroscience patient: future directions.
J Neurosci Nurs 1994 Aug;26(4):245-50.
Four-level analysis isolates data for clinical-financial
treatment pathways. Physician Manag 1995
Mar 17;6(6):1-2.
Generic critical path for home care patients covers
multiple diagnoses. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Jan;
2(1):9-12.
George EL, Large AA. Reducing length of stay in
patients undergoing open heart surgery: the
University of Pittsburgh experience. AACN Clin
Issues 1995 Aug;6(3):482-8.
Giffin M, Giffin RB. Critical pathways produce tangible
results. Health Care Strateg Manag 1994 Jul;12(7):
1, 17-23.
Goode CJ. Evaluation of patient and staff outcomes with
hospital-based managed care [dissertation]. Iowa
City (IA): University of Iowa; 1993. 259 p.
Goode CJ. Impact of a CareMap and case management
on patient satisfaction and staff satisfaction,
collaboration, and autonomy. Nurs Econ 1995
Nov-Dec;13(6):337-48, 361.
Gooldy J, Duncan B. Home care's role in clinical
pathways. J Home Health Care Pract 1994 Feb;
6(2):63-9.
Hassan SF. The effect of "clinical pathways" on hospital
costs and patients' length of stay: a systems
approach to healthcare optimization [masters
thesis]. Louisville (KY): University of Louisville;
1992. 115 p.
Hofmann PA. Critical path method: an important tool
for coordinating clinical care. Jt Comm J Qual
Improv 1993 Jul;19(7):235-46.
Hopkins EM, Schendel SA. Critical pathway use:
outcome analysis in team care efficacy. Paper
presented at: 52nd Annual Meeting of the American
Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association; 1995
Apr 24-29; Tampa, FL. Abstract available from:
American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association,
Pittsburgh, PA.
Hunter JC. Commentary on: Critical pathways in
oncology: balancing the interests of hospitals and
the physician [original article by Katterhagen G et al
appears in J ONCOL Manag 1993;2(4):206]. ONS
Nurs Scan Oncol 1994 Jan-Feb;3(1):22.
Interim automation solutions to variance analysis. Three
hospitals share what's working for them. Issues
Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):9-10.
Issues in evaluating a clinical pathway program. A
biostatistician and project leader share their
experiences. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jan-Feb;1(1):
9-11.
Keep focus on the big picture when tackling variance
analysis. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Aug;1(8):150-2.
Knutson SA. Critical paths: an evaluation of patient
outcomes [masters thesis]. Tucson (AZ): University
of Arizona; 1990. 72 p.
Koch MO. Cost-efficient radical prostatectomy. Semin
Urol Oncol 1995 Aug;13(3):197-203.
Koch MO, Smith JA Jr, Hodge EM, Brandell RA.
Prospective development of a cost-efficient program
for radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 1994
Sep;44(3):311-8.
Magyar DL. Effects of critical pathways on patients
admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of fractured
hip [masters thesis]. Louisville (KY): Bellarmine
College; 1994. 73 p.
Marion CD. Development & evaluation of a
multidisciplinary clinical pathway to manage
sepsis, reduce cost, and maintain quality patient
outcomes [abstract]. Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Mar;
22(2):397. Abstract no. 205.
Measuring patient satisfaction with a new healthcare
model. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jan-Feb;1(1):1-2.
Measuring performance of case managers. Two models--
two perspectives. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;
1(4):6-7.
Michel J. Home health clinical paths produce functional
outcome data. Inside Case Manag 1995 Feb;1(11):
5-7.
Mount Clemens General Hospital (Clinton Township,
MI). Exhibit 2. Mount Clemens General Hospital
critical path: variance reports. Inside Case Manag
1994 Apr;1(1):[2 p. insert].
NC hospital begins its first outcomes project. Requires
commitment, clerical help, and software. Issues
Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):10-2.
Neidig JR, Megel ME, Koehler KM. The critical path:
an evaluation of the applicability of nursing case
management in the NICU. Neonatal Netw 1992
Aug;11(5):45-52.
Nolin C. An analysis of the use and effect of CareMap
tools in medical malpractice litigation. South Natick
(MA): Center for Case Managment; 1994. 40 p.
Odderson IR, Keaton JC, McKenna BS. Swallow
management in patients on an acute stroke pathway:
quality is cost effective. Arch Phys Med Rehabil
1995 Dec;76(12):1130-3.
Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Botsford DJ, Hawker RW. Elderly
patients with hip fractures: improved outcome with
the use of care maps with high-quality medical and
nursing protocols. J Orthop Trauma 1993;7(5):
428-37.
PA hospital computerizes variance analysis system, aids
pathway team. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):
1-4.
Paton R. Fulfilling the commitment to improve patient
care? Assessment of the effect of the Patient's
Charter in a community hospital. Prof Nurse 1993
Nov;9(2):130, 132, 134.
Patton MD, Schaerf R. Thoracotomy, critical pathway,
and clinical outcomes. Cancer Pract 1995 Sep-Oct;
3(5):286-94.
Pearson C, McGough A. Benefits of multidisciplinary
audit in the care of stroke patients. J Assoc Qual
Healthc 1994 Spring;1(2):42-5.
Pearson SD, Goulart-Fisher D, Lee TH. Critical
pathways as a strategy for improving care:
problems and potential. Ann Intern Med 1995
Dec 15;123(12):941-8.
Polston JR. Effects of critical paths on patients
hospitalized for total hip replacement [masters
thesis]. Louisville (KY): Bellarmine College; 1991.
78 p.
Rossiter D, Thompson AJ. Introduction of integrated
care pathways for patients with multiple sclerosis in
an inpatient neurorehabilitation setting. Disabil
Rehabil 1995 Nov-Dec;17(8):443-8.
Shikiar MS, Warner P. Selecting financial indices to
measure critical path outcomes. Nurs Manag 1994
Sep;25(9):58-60.
Some sources for guidelines and outcomes measures.
Mapping care requires a variety of supportive
information. Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):
4-6.
Spath PL. To sample or not to sample. Hosp Case
Manag 1995 Aug;3(8):128-30.
Sperry S, Birdsall C. Outcomes of a pneumonia critical
path. Nurs Econ 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):332-9, 345.
Stroke path calls for care when evaluating variances.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Nov;3(11):176-7.
Strong AG, Sneed NV. Clinical evaluation of a critical
path for coronary artery bypass surgery patients.
Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1991 Jan-Mar;6(1):29-37.
Tallis G, Balla JI. Critical path analysis for the
management of fractured neck of femur. Aust J
Public Health 1995 Apr;19(2):155-9.
Turley K, Tyndall M, Roge C, Cooper M, Turley K,
Applebaum M, Tarnoff H. Critical pathway
methodology: effectiveness in congenital heart
surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1994 Jul;58(1):57-63;
discussion 63-5.
Van Buskirk MC, Vanderbilt D. Evaluating patient care
by the use of a diabetic ketoacidosis CAREMAP in
an intensive care unit setting. J Nurs Care Qual
1995 Apr;9(3):59-68.
Vorhees-Thielen NL. Impact of a clinical pathway on
hospital length of stay and charges among coronary
artery bypass graft surgery patients [masters thesis].
Spokane (WA): Gonzaga University; 1994. 57 p.
Wall D, Joseph E. Analyzing critical pathways with
statistics. Qual Manag Update 1993 Jun;3:8-10.
Weilitz PB, Potter PA. A managed care system.
Financial and clinical evaluation. J Nurs Adm 1993
Nov;23(11):51-7.
The wilderness of variance analysis. Survey shows
similarity of struggles. Issues Outcomes 1995
Nov-Dec;1(6):11-2.
Windle PE. Critical pathways: an integrated
documentation tool. Nurs Manag 1994 Sep;25(9):
80F-80L, 80P.
Zander K. Quantifying, managing, and improving
quality. Part III. Using variance concurrently...
CareMap tools. New Defin 1992 Fall;7(4):1-4.
SPECIFIC CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Ambulatory Care
Ambulatory case management saves HMO $8 million.
Questionnaires and histories identify at-risk patients.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):6-7.
Burns JM, Tierney DK, Long GD, Lambert SC, Carr
BE. Critical pathway for administering high-dose
chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem
rescue in the outpatient setting. Oncol Nurs Forum
1995 Sep;22(8):1219-24.
Campbell PA, Runner-Heidt CM. A collaborative
approach to home OKT3 infusion therapy. J Nurs
Adm 1993 Nov;23(11):63-6.
Cataract CareMap reduces charges by 50 per cent. The
value of outpatient maps is the developmental
process. Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):4-5.
Catherwood E, O'Rourke DJ. Critical pathway
management of unstable angina. Prog Cardiovasc
Dis 1994 Nov-Dec;37(3):121-48.
Claussen DW, Pickering P. A clinical pathway for
endoscopy. Gastroenterol Nurs 1995 Sep-Oct;18(5):
182-5.
Critical paths for common DRGs. Atlanta (GA):
American Health Cosultants; 1993. 23 p.
Critical pathways... ORs streamline patient care, control
resource utilization. OR Manag 1994 Jul; 10(7):1,
6-7.
Czaplijski TJ. Critical pathways: broad implementation
in an ambulatory service division. Outreach 1994
Mar-Apr;15(2):4-5.
Daughtery J. LOS reduced one hour with critical
pathways. Same Day Surg 1992 Oct;16(10):150-3.
Fowler ME. Commentary on: The Nursing Case
Managment Computerized System: meeting the
challenge of health care delivery through
technology [original article by DiJerome L appears
in Comput Nurs 1992;10(6):250-8]. ONS Nurs
Scan Oncol 1993 May-Jun;2(3):19.
Geeze MA. Pediatric outpatient upper endoscopy:
perioperative case management. Semin Perioper
Nurs 1994 Jan;3(1):27-39.
Gibson SJ, Thomas L, Burnette J. A typical pathway
sends mastectomy patients home early. Hosp Case
Manag 1994 Jul;2(7):117-20.
Grudich G. The critical path system: the road toward an
efficient OR. AORN J 1991 Mar;53(3):705-6,
708-9, 711-2 passim.
Holle ML, Rick C, Sliefert MK, Stephens K. Integrated
patient care delivery. J Nurs Adm 1995 Jul-Aug;
15(7-8):32-7.
Hospital helps the community help itself. Promoting
wellness and preparing for capitation. Issues
Outcomes 1995 Jul-Aug;1(4):13-4.
Hospital laser center institutes critical paths. Hosp Case
Manag 1994 May;2(5):83-5.
Howard P, Johanns D. Forging new partnerships: case
management in radiology. Aspens Advis Nurse
Exec 1995 Feb;10(5):1-3.
Howe RS, ed. Clinical pathways for ambulatory care
case management. Gaithersburg (MD): Aspen
Publishers; forthcoming 1996.
Hunter JC. Commentary on Critical pathways in
oncology: balancing the interests of hospitals and
the physician [original article by Katterhagen G et al
appears in J ONCOL Manag 1993;2(4):206]. ONS
Nurs Scan Oncol 1994 Jan-Feb;3(1):22.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
1995. 362 p.
Kibbe DC, Bentz E, McLaughlin CP. Continuous
quality improvement for continuity of care. J Fam
Pract 1993 Mar;36(3):304-8.
Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
pathways. Santa Barbara (CA): COR Healthcare
Resources; 1995. 136 p.
Lauffer D. Integrated preadmission services and case
management: the foundation for achievable patient
outcomes in a hospital-based ambulatory surgery
setting. Semin Perioper Nurs 1992 Jul;1(3):136-41.
London J. On the right path: collaborative case
management makes nurses partners in the care
planning process. Health Prog 1993 Jun;74(5):36-8.
MacKenzie M, Waterman M. Utilization of a clinical
pathway in the care of the ambulatory cataract
surgical patient. Insight 1995 Jun;20(2):6-11.
Mapping care in hours and minutes. Outpatient
perspective. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Feb;1(2):
36-8.
Nelson SP. Critical pathways at University of Iowa
Hospitals and Clinics. Am J Health Syst Pharm
1995 May 15;52(10):1058-60.
Palmer JS, Worwag EM, Conrad WG, Blitz BF,
Chodak GW. Same day surgery for radical
retropubic prostatectomyL is it an attainable goal?
Urology 1996 Jan;47(1):23-8.
Pathway developed for HIV/AIDS outpatients. Inside
Ambul Care 1994 Aug;1(5):4-5.
Patterson P. Critical pathways: hospital shortens
cataract stays, boosts satisfaction. OR Manag 1994
Aug;10(8):19.
Patterson P. Critical pathways... care paths cut length of
stay, reduce charges. OR Manag 1994 Jul;
10(7):12.
Patterson P. Critical pathways... perioperative case
managers redesign processes. OR Manag 1994
Jul;10(7):8-10.
Providers tackle case pathways beyond the hospital
walls. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Sep;1(9):158-60,
165-6.
Rehab programs turn to case management models to
improve quality, reduce LOS... length of stay. Hosp
Case Manag 1994 Jan;2(1):1-6.
Reorganizing case management for the continuum.
Product line program undergoes major changes.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Nov-Dec;1(6):13-4.
A report on case management in HMO's. Issues
Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):8.
Reusable chronic pain path accounts for multiple patient
visits. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Sep;2(9):151-4.
Schmitz M, Edwards B. Clinical pathway for outpatient
high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous
peripheral stem cell rescue (APSCR) [abstract].
Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Mar;22(2):398. Abstract
no. 206.
A sequential approach to path development. Clin Laser
Mon 1994 May;12(5):72.
Simkin B. Transitional pathway encompasses outpatient
settings. Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jan;3(1):9-12.
Taylor P, Peterson S, Crawford P, Williams A. Hospital
reduces length of stay with adult asthma critical
path. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Mar;2(3):43-6.
Cardiovascular Care
AACN national study reports important critical
pathways findings. AACN News 1995 Jul:5.
Algorithms boost critical pathways' effectiveness. QI
TQM 1995 Aug;5(8):94-7.
Allen HD, Davis JT. Standardizing care delivery for
infants and children with common congenital
cardiac lesions. Curr Opin Pediatr 1995 Oct;7(5):
601-5.
Anderson RP, Guyton SW, Paull DL, Tidwell SL.
Selection of patients for same-day coronary bypass
operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993 Mar;
105(3):444-51; discussion 451-2.
Andersson S. ScrippsHealth: quality planning for
clinical processes of care. Qual Lett Healthc Lead
1993 Jun;5(5):2-4.
Ayestas AL, Diaz E, Kirtland S. Clinical pathways:
improving patient education and influencing
readmission rates. J Healthc Qual 1995 Nov-Dec;
17(6):17-25, 47.
Balesky JR, Provenzano LM. Collaborative
development of a clinical pathway for congestive
heart failure. J Healthc Qual 1995 Nov-Dec;17(6):
30-9.
Barnes RV, Lawton L, Briggs D. Clinical
benchmarking improves clinical paths: experience
with coronary artery bypass grafting. Jt Comm J
Qual Improv 1994 May;20(5):267-76.
Booth RE Jr. Critical care pathways in thromboembolic
disease. Orthopedics 1995 Jul;18 Suppl:6-9.
Borland C, Yorke G, Davies S, Wells Johnson P. A
collaborative care planning and audit experience on
myocardial infarction. J Assoc Qual Healthc 1995
Spring;2(4):115-20.
Boutron KA, King J, Matula P, Niznik CH. Clinical
path coordinator: pulling it all together. J Vasc Nurs
1995 Jun;13(2):50-4.
Brockopp DY, Porter M, Kinnaird S, Silberman S.
Fiscal and clinical evaluation of patient care: a case
management model for the future. J Nurs Adm
1992 Sep;22(9):23-7.
Calligaro KD, Dougherty MJ, Raviola CA, Musser DJ,
DeLaurentis DA. Impact of clinical pathways on
hospital costs and early outcome after major
vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 1995 Dec;22(6):
649-57; discussion 657-60.
Campbell AB, Lakier NS. Process intervention-applying
TQM to clinical care. Healthc Forum J 1992
Jul-Aug;35(4):81-3.
Catherwood E, O'Rourke DJ. Critical pathway
management of unstable angina. Prog Cardiovasc
Dis 1994 Nov-Dec;37(3):121-48.
Chase CR. Development of a case management plan for
aortoiliac bypass graft surgery patients. Semin
Perioper Nurs 1994 Jan;3(1):16-21.
Clark RE. The STS Cardiac Surgery National Database:
an update. Ann Thorac Surg 1995 Jun;59(6):
1376-80; discussion 1380-1.
Coen SD, Silverman E. Peripheral intra arterial
thrombolytic therapy for acute arterial occlusion.
Crit Care Nurse 1994 Oct;14(5):23-9.
Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
concept to evaluation. St. Louis: Mosby; 1993.
Appendix 4, St. Michael Hospital, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, uncomplicated MI critical path;
p. 226-32.
Collaboration and trust save four hospitals $896,000 on
CABG patients. Hosp Case Manag 1994 May;2(5):
73-5.
Collaborative CM guides creation of Chest Pain
Service. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Mar;1(3):45-6,
48.
Collier PE. Are one-day admissions for carotid
endarterectomy feasible? Am J Surg 1995 Aug;
170(2):140-3.
Collier PE, Friend SZ, Gentile C, Ruckert D, Vescio L,
Collier NA. Carotid endarterectomy clinical
pathway: an innovative approach. Am J Med Qual
1995 Spring;10(1):38-47.
Coronary artery disease bypass graft critical path. Hosp
Case Manag 1995 Feb;3(2 Suppl):[2 p.].
Critical path leads to change in cardiac cath patient
care. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Feb;1(2):29, 32-33.
Crummer MB, Carter V. Critical pathways: the pivotal
tool. J Cardiovasc Nurs 1993 Jul;7(4):30-7.
Davis JT, Allen HD, Felver K, Rummell HM, Powers
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Community-wide stroke pathway unites caregivers.
Asheville, NC provider council begins to create
seamless care. Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;
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Generic critical path for home care patients covers
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New critical pathways expand case management to the
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Olsen CA. Building critical pathways for a hospital
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1-3.
Price AG, McDaniel JL. Critical pathway. An effective
way to manage care of the insulin-dependent
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Providers tackle case pathways beyond the hospital
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Rozell BR, Newman KL. Extending a critical path for
patients who are ventilator dependent: nursing case
management in the home setting. Home Healthc
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Staying alive: six years of ups and downs but finally
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Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;1(3):14-5.
The walls come tumbling down. NH hospital forges ties
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1(1):11-3.
Infectious Disease Care and Control
Andersson S. ScrippsHealth: quality planning for clinical
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1994 May;20(5):277-84.
Clare M, Sargent D, Moxley R, Forthman T. Reducing
health care delivery costs using clinical paths: a
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J Health Care Finance 1995 Spring;21(3):48-58.
Comfort care path strengthens support for terminally ill.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Sep;3(9):139, 142.
Czaplijski TJ. Critical pathways: broad implementation
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Del Togno Armanasco V, Wilson AC. HIV pathway
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DeMott K. AIDS pathways organize care at Tampa's
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1995 Jul 27;6(15):5-6.
DeMott K. International AIDS group promotes
pathways and cutting-edge drug therapy. Rep Med
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Fowler ME. Commentary on: The Nursing Case
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Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
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Gruendemann BJ. Critical pathways [editorial]. Asepsis
1994 4th Qtr;16(4):1.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
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Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
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Let pathways help solve the HIV puzzle. Hosp Case
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Marion CD. Development & evaluation of a
multidisciplinary clinical pathway to manage
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McGarvey RN, Harper JJ. Pneumonia mortality
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Morgan JW, Hofmann P, Butler R. Simple pneumonia:
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1995 Nov;2(8):1-3.
Mount Clemens General Hospital (Clinton Township,
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Odderson IR, McKenna BS. A model for management
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Pathway developed for HIV/AIDS outpatients. Inside
Ambul Care 1994 Aug;1(5):4-5.
Pneumonia pathway gets OK for further LOS reduction.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Jul;3(7):107, 110.
Ramirez JA. Switch therapy in community-acquired
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Saltiel E. Critical pathway experience at Cedar-Sinai
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Spath PL, ed. Clinical paths: tools for outcomes
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Sperry S, Birdsall C. Outcomes of a pneumonia critical
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Long Term Care
A controlled study of community-based case
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27 chronically ill elderly. Issues Outcomes 1995
Sep-Oct;1(5):14.
Cyr JJ, Peppler C. A comprehensive community-based
model of psychogeriatric care. Perspectives 1995
Spring;19(1):14-9.
Gartner MB, Twardon CA. Care guidelines: journey
through the managed care maze. J Wound Ostomy
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Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
the multidisciplinary home care team. Gaithersburg
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Graham MJ, Pettus T, Klava S. Subacute care. Critical
pathways link services to outcomes. Provider 1995
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Holmes D, Splaine M, Teresi J, Ory M, Barrett V,
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Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
1995. 362 p.
Jospeh ED. Critical pathways in geriatric care. Hinsdale
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Kane RL, Kane RA. Long-term care. JAMA 1995
Jun 7;273(21):1690-1.
Knapp MT. Subacute care: the definitive guide to
hospital-based nursing facilities. Gaithersburg
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Mosher CM. Putting pressure ulcers on the map.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 1995 Jul;22(4):
183-6.
Pathway promotes smooth hospital-SNF transitions.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Dec;3(12):187-90.
Phillips-Harris C, Fanale JE. The acute and long-term
care interface. Integrating the continuum. Clin
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Providers tackle case pathways beyond the hospital
walls. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Sep;1(9):158-60,
165-6.
Small community hospital shows larger facility the way.
Case management program is being replicated.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Nov-Dec;1(6):14-5.
Stahl DA. Critical pathways in subacute care. Nurs
Manag 1995 Sep;26(9):16-8.
Tallon R. Critical paths for wound care. Adv Wound
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The walls come tumbling down. NH hospital forges ties
with community. Issues Outcomes 1995 Jan-Feb;
1(1):11-3.
Neurological and Neurosurgical Care
Baldry JA, Rossiter D. Introduction of integrated care
pathways to a neuro-rehabilitation. Physiotherapy
1995 Aug;81(8):432-4.
Bejciy-Spring SM. Nursing case management:
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Bejciy-Spring SM, Neutzling E, Newton C. Nursing
case management: enhancing interdisciplinary care
of the spinal cord injured patient. SCI Nurs 1994
Aug;11(3):70-3.
Bowen J, Yaste C. Effect of a stroke protocol on
hospital costs of stroke patients. Neurology 1994
Oct;44(10):1961-4.
Case managers, clinicians find neurological disorders
easy to manage on critical paths. Hosp Case Manag
1994 Oct;2(10):161-2, 164-6.
Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
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Appendix 3, St. Joseph Medical Center, Wichita,
Kansas, Medical Rehabilitation Services, critical
pathway/cva; p. 214-25. Examples include nursing,
physical therapy, occupational therapy, case
management/social work, recreational/activity
therapy, and speech therapy pathways for
cerebrovascular accident.
Community-wide stroke pathway unites caregivers.
Asheville, NC provider council begins to create
seamless care. Issues Outcomes 1995 May-Jun;
1(3):11-3.
Compton J, Robinson M, O'Hara C. Benchmarking
critical pathways--a method for achieving best
practice. Aust Health Rev 1995;18(2):101-12.
A controlled study of a stroke clinical pathway. Unique
format gets superior outcomes. Issues Outcomes
1995 Mar-Apr;1(2):7-8.
Counsell CM, Guin PR, Limbaugh B. Coordinated care
for the neuroscience patient: future directions.
J Neurosci Nurs 1994 Aug;26(4):245-50.
Critical paths for common DRGs. Atlanta (GA):
American Health Consultants; 1993. 23 p.
Falconer JA, Roth EJ, Sutin JA, Strasser DC, Chang
RW. The critical path method in stroke
rehabilitation: lessons from an experiment in cost
containment and outcome improvement. QRB Qual
Rev Bull 1993 Jan;19(1):8-16. Comment in: QRB
Qual Rev Bull 1993 May;19(5):142-3.
Gibbs BF, Guzzetta VJ, Furmanski D. Cost-effective
carotid endarterectomy in community practice. Ann
Vasc Surg 1995 Sep;9(5):423-7.
Gilbert M, Counsell CM. Coordinated care for the SCI
patient. SCI Nurs 1995 Aug;12(3):87-9.
Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
the multidisciplinary home care team. Gaithersburg
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Hospital's stroke path proves myth wrong. Hosp Case
Manag 1995 Nov;3(11):168-9, 175.
Hydo B. Designing an effective clinical pathway for
stroke. Am J Nurs 1995 Mar;95(3):44-50; quiz 51.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
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Ivey MF, Armitstead JA, Sangha KS. Critical pathways
at University of Cincinnati Hospital. Am J Health
Syst Pharm 1995 May 15;52(10):1053-8.
Johnson S, Nenov VI, Martin NA, Becker DP. The
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care reform. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1994 Oct;5(4):
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Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
pathways. Santa Barbara (CA): COR Healthcare
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Luttman RJ. The critical path method alone does
nothing to improve performance [letter]. QRB Qual
Rev Bull 1993 May;19(5):142-3. Comment on QRB
Qual Rev Bull 1993 Jan;19(1): 8-16.
Marr JA, Reid B. Implementing managed care and case
management: the neuroscience experience.
J Neurosci Nurs 1992 Oct;24(5):281-5.
Odderson IR, Keaton JC, McKenna BS. Swallow
management in patients on an acute stroke pathway:
quality is cost effective. Arch Phys Med Rehabil
1995 Dec;76(12):1130-3.
Odderson IR, McKenna BS. A model for management
of patients with stroke during the acute phase.
Outcome and economic implications. Stroke 1993
Dec;24(12):1823-7.
Pearson C, McGough A. Benefits of multidisciplinary
audit in the care of stroke patients. J Assoc Qual
Healthc 1994 Spring;1(2):42-5.
Richards JS, Sonda LP, Gaucher E, Kocan MJ, Ross
DA. Applying critical pathways to neurosurgery
patients at the University of Michigan Medical
Center. Qual Lett Healthc Lead 1993 Jun;5(5):8-10.
Romito D. A critical path for CVA patients. Rehabil
Nurs 1990 May-Jun;15(3):153-6.
Rossiter D, Thompson AL. Introduction of integrated
care pathways for patients with multiple sclerosis in
an inpatient neurorehabilitation setting. Disabil
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Sarkissian S. Length of hospital stay and contributing
variables in supratentorial craniotomy patients with
brain tumour: a pre-care map study. Axone 1994
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Spath PL. How to manage your outcomes more
effectively. Hosp Peer Rev 1995 Aug;20(8):120-4.
Spath PL, ed. Clinical paths: tools for outcomes
management. Chicago: American Hospital
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Stroke path calls for care when evaluating variances.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Nov;3(11):176-7.
Turner LJ. Putting patient education on a new path. RN
1995 Sep;58(9):42-4.
Ward-Evans S, Hodges LC, Smith J. A new role for
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Nurs 1991 Aug;23(4):256-60.
Willingness to change characterizes busy surgeon.
Revascularization pathways save $2,000 and two
days per patient. Issues Outcomes 1995 Nov-Dec;
1(6):9-10.
Zander K, ed. Managing outcomes through
collaborative care: the application of CareMapping
and case management. Chicago: American Hospital
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Oncological Care
Bagnall H, Higgs D, Karlsson L. Utilization of critical
pathways to achieve quality care and cost outcomes
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Bird RE. Critical pathways in analyzing breast
calcifications. Radiographics 1995 Jul;15(4):928-34.
Bolinger B, Janicin M. Care maps expedite discharge of
patients after surgery. Oncol Nurs Forum 1995
Jan-Feb;22(1):149.
Burns JM, Tierney DK, Long GD, Lambert SC, Carr
BE. Critical pathway for administering high-dose
chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem
rescue in the outpatient setting. Oncol Nurs Forum
1995 Sep;22(8):1219-24.
Chemo pathway helps pediatric hospital prepare for
capitation. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Jul;1(7):125-6.
Chemotherapy pathway tracks variance from goals, not
tasks. Hosp Case Manag 1993 Apr;1(4):69-70.
Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
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Appendix 2, Tucson Medical Center, Division of
Nursing, colectomy CarePlan map; p. 200-13.
Cohen MZ, Iwata PA. Improving patient education for
BMT patients using critical pathways [abstract].
Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Mar;22(2):355. Abstract
no. 31.
Collaborative plan helps oncology unit meet new LOS
demands. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Dec;2(12):201,
204.
Comfort care path strengthens support for terminally ill.
Hosp Case Manag 1995 Sep;3(9):139, 142.
Dancer SE, Logsdon K. Patient trajectory: improving
care for the radical retropubic patient. Urol Nurs
1994 Dec;14(4):151-4.
Darby M. Children's hospital dissects care of leukemia
patients to design pathway. Rep Med Guidel
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Doherty J, Coleman J. Using critical pathways as a
patient/family teaching tool. Oncol Nurs Forum
1995 Jan-Feb;22(1):149.
Gibson SJ, Thomas L, Burnette J. A typical pathway
sends mastectomy patients home early. Hosp Case
Manag 1994 Jul;2(7):117-20.
Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
the multidisciplinary home care team. Gaithersburg
(MD): Aspen Publishers; 1995- .
Grant E, Newton M, Moore S. Keeping patients on the
right track. Nursing 1995 Aug;25(8):57-9.
Hunter JC. Commentary on Critical pathways in
oncology: balancing the interests of hospitals and
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Nurs Scan Oncol 1994 Jan-Feb;3(1):22.
Ignatavicius DD, Hausman KA. Clinical pathways for
collaborative practice. Philadelphia: Saunders;
1995. 362 p.
Kifer DJ. Case management of needle localized breast
biopsy patients. Semin Perioper Nurs 1994 Jan;
3(1):46-54.
Koch MO. Cost-efficient radical prostatectomy. Semin
Urol Oncol 1995 Aug;13(3):197-203.
Kutterhagen JG, Patton MD. Critical pathways in
oncology: balancing the interests of hospitals and
the physicians. J Oncol Manag 1993 Jul-Aug:2(4):
20-6.
Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
pathways. Santa Barbara (CA): COR Healthcare
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Marion CD. Development & evaluation of a
multidisciplinary clinical pathway to manage
sepsis, reduce cost, and maintain quality patient
outcomes [abstract]. Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Mar;
22(2):397. Abstract no. 205.
Mendelson EB. 1994 plenary session: imaging
symposium. Critical pathways in the management of
breast disease: introduction. Radiographics 1995
Jul;15(4):923-4.
Mendelson EB, Tobin CE. Critical pathways in using
breast US. Radiographics 1995 Jul;15(4):935-45.
Newstead GM, Weinreb JC. Critical pathways for the
future: MR imaging and digital mammography.
Radiographics 1995 Jul;15(4):951-62.
Oncology pathway development: key issues for CMs to
address. Hosp Case Manag 1994 Apr;2(4):58, 60.
Parker SH, Dennis MA, Stavros AT. Critical pathways
in percutaneous breast intervention. Radiographics
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Pathways marry clinical, cost data. OR Manag 1995
Mar;11(3):9.
Patton MD, Kutterhagen JG. Critical pathways in
oncology: aligning resource expenditures with
clinical outcomes. J Oncol Manag 1994 Jul-Aug;
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Patton MD, Schaerf R. Thoracotomy, critical pathway,
and clinical outcomes. Cancer Pract 1995 Sep-Oct;
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Pratt B, Robinson S, Chittenden S, Warner L, Worrell
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Nucl Med Commun 1993 Apr;14(4):286. Abstract
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Predictive models help hospitals meet challenges of
managing oncology patients. Hosp Case Manag
1994 Apr;2(4):53-5, 57-8, 60.
Richards JS, Sonda LP, Gaucher E, Kocan MJ, Ross
DA. Applying critical pathways to neurosurgery
patients at the University of Michigan Medical
Center. Qual Lett Healthc Lead 1993 Jun;5(5):8-10.
Rubin E. Critical pathways in the analysis of breast
masses. Radiographics 1995 Jul;15(4):925-7.
Schmitz M, Edwards B. Clinical pathway for outpatient
high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous
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Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Mar;22(2):398. Abstract
no. 206.
Sciartelli CH. Using a clinical pathway approach to
document patient teaching for breast cancer surgical
procedures. Oncol Nurs Forum 1995 Jan-Feb;
22(1):131-7.
Smith Rooker JL, Garrett A, Hodges LC. Case
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Medsurg Nurs 1993 Aug;2(4):265-74.
St. Vincent Infirmary Medical Center (Little Rock, AR).
Clinical pathway for radical prostatectomy. Inside
Case Manag 1994 May;1(2):[2 p. insert].
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Patient pathway for radical prostatectomy. Inside
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Weiman MG. Case management. A means to improve
quality and control the costs of cure in children with
acute myelogenous leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol
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Williams M, Lagman L, Gornal VR. Critical pathway
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Mar;22(2):398. Abstract no. 209.
Young-McCaughan S. Care path and CPR mannequin
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Nurs Forum 1995 Jan-Feb;22(1):149-50.
Ophthalmological Care
Cataract CareMap reduces charges by 50 per cent. The
value of outpatient maps in the developmental process.
Issues Outcomes 1995 Sep-Oct;1(5):4-5.
Critical paths for common DRGs. Atlanta (GA):
American Health Consultants; 1993. 23 p.
Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
pathways. Santa Barbara (CA): COR Healthcare
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Laxade S, Hale CA. Managed care 1: an opportunity
for nursing. Br J Nurs 1995 Mar 9-22;4(5):290-4.
MacKenzie M, Waterman M. Utilization of a clinical
pathway in the care of the ambulatory cataract
surgical patient. Insight 1995 Jun;20(2):6-11.
Patterson P. Critical pathways: hospital shortens
cataract stays, boosts satisfaction. OR Manag 1994
Aug;10(8):19.
Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Care
Adler SL, Bryk E, Cesta TG, McEachen I.
Collaboration: the solution to multidisciplinary care
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Armbruster TD. The relationship between critical
pathways and patient outcomes on total knee
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Ashworth GB, Aubrey C. Collaborative care
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Baldry JA, Rossiter D. Introduction of integrated care
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1995 Aug;81(8):432-4.
Baptist Hospital (Nashville, TN). Patient care pathway:
total hip replacement. Inside Case Manag 1994
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Bejciy-Spring SM, Neutzling E, Newton C. Nursing
case management: enhancing interdisciplinary care
of the spinal cord injured patient. SCI Nurs 1994
Aug;11(3):70-3.
Borkowski V. Implementation of a managed care model
in an acute care setting. J Healthc Qual 1994
Mar-Apr;16(2):25-7, 30.
Brandt M. Clinical practice guidelines and critical paths--
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Bronson Methodist Hospital (Kalamazoo, MI). Total hip
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Chimner NE, Easterling A. Collaborative practice
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Clark CM, Steinbinder A, Anderson R. Implementing
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Cohen EL, Cesta TG. Nursing case management: from
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Appendix 3, St. Joseph Medical Center, Wichita,
Kansas, Medical Rehabilitation Services, critical
pathway/cva; p. 214-25. Examples include nursing,
physical therapy, occupational therapy, case
management/social work, recreational/activity
therapy, and speech therapy pathways for
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Compton J, Robinson M, O'Hara C. Benchmarking
critical pathways--a method for achieving best
practice. Aust Health Rev 1995;18(2):101-12.
Compton JV. Excellence through best practice:
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Congress of the World Confederation for Physical
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American Health Consultants; 1993. 23 p.
Czarnecki MT. Benchmarking strategies for health care
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De Jong RL. This path has pictures. RN 1995 Sep;
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Dowling WJ, Frommer AG, O'Keefe T. Critical
pathways in total joint procedures ... Morristown
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Ebert J. Setting the course for critical pathways. Contin
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Eckhouse-Ekeberg DR. Promoting a positive attitude in
pediatric patients undergoing limb lengthening.
Orthop Nurs 1994 Jan-Feb;13(1):41-9.
Falconer JA, Roth EJ, Sutin JA, Strasser DC, Chang
RW. The critical path method in stroke
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containment and outcome improvement. QRB Qual
Rev Bull 1993 Jan;19(1):8-16. Comment in: QRB
Qual Rev Bull 1993 May;19(5):142-3.
Ferdinand M. Reducing orthopedic implant costs. A
physician-driven approach at Mt. Sinai Medical
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From nurse retention to strategic goal. Ohio case
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Gallagher C. Applying quality improvement tools to
quality planning: pediatric femur fracture clinical
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Gingerich BS, Ondeck DA, eds. Clinical pathways for
the multidisciplinary home care team. Gaithersburg
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Gooldy J, Duncan B. Home care's role in clinical
pathways. J Home Health Care Pract 1994 Feb;
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Guinan JK. Facility based case management: its role in
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Holle ML, Rick C, Sliefert MK, Stephens K. Integrated
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Pediatrician leads case management. Research is an
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Perez C. Bridging the gap between care and outcomes:
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Rome ES, Moszczenski SA, Craighill M, Goldmann
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Turley KM, Higgins SS, Archer-Duste H, Cafferty P.
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Weiman MG. Case management. A means to improve
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AACN national study reports important critical
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Anderson RP, Guyton SW, Paull DL, Tidwell SL.
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Barnes RV, Lawton L, Briggs D. Clinical
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Critical path leads to change in cardiac cath patient
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Critical pathways. Pathways guide care at St Luke's,
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De Jong RL. This path has pictures. RN 1995 Sep;
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Flow charts help hospital with perioperative paths. Hosp
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Lang M, ed. National directory of healthcare critical
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The latest on critical pathways: Intra-op, post-op phases
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Mathias JM. Trying new tools: critical pathways, case
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Moss MT. Practical implementation of outcomes
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Organ donor path requires more work with families.
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Patterson P. Critical pathways... care paths cut length of
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Patterson P. Critical pathways: hospital shortens
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Patterson P. Critical pathways... perioperative case
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Patton MD, Schaerf R. Thoracotomy, critical pathway,
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Perioperative paths buck the trend, produce results for
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Physician-led pathways pose special challenges.
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Robinson JA. OR time delays: a time management plan
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Rowland JO. Case management and critical paths in the
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Mendelson EB, Tobin CE. Critical pathways in using
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Parker SH, Dennis MA, Stavros AT. Critical pathways
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Postpartum pathway provides care in half the time.
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physical therapy, occupational therapy, case
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Hospital helps the community help itself. Promoting
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Reorganizing case management for the continuum.
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