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Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
Outlook analyzes and presents short-term forecasts
for production, stocks, trade, and per capita consumption
of poultry and eggs; examines changes in poultry prices
at the wholesale and retail levels.
The Economic Organization of U.S. Broiler Production (June 2008) describes, based on a large and representative survey of broiler operations, the industry's organization, housing features, contract design, fees and enterprise cost structures, and farm and household finances. Broiler production in the United States is coordinated almost entirely through systems of production contracts, and the industry is undergoing a gradual structural change as production shifts to larger broiler enterprises.
USDA Agricultural Projections to 2017 (February 2008) contains longrun projections covering supply, demand, prices, and other economic variables for major U.S. crop and livestock sectors.
How Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Has Affected World Poultry-Meat Trade (October 2007) discusses the impact of H5N1 strain of avian influenza on world poultry markets during 2003-06. Consumer fears adversely affected poultry consumption in many countries, but as consumers gained confidence that poultry was safe if properly handled and cooked, world demand for cooked poultry increased.
Organic Poultry and Eggs
Capture High Price Premiums and Growing Share of Specialty Markets (December 2006) examines
trends in markets, animal numbers, and prices for organic poultry and eggs.
Markets for these products in the United States are expanding rapidly. Price
comparisons between organic and conventional broilers and eggs show significant
organic price premiums.
Economic
Effects of Animal Diseases Linked to Trade Dependency
(April 2006) highlights the importance of livestock and poultry trade
to producers and consumers around the world. Though global
meat trade has not fallen in response to animal disease
outbreaks, a few countries have seen significant changes
to their exports and imports. See also Brazil
Emerges as Major Force in Global Meat Markets (April 2006).
Market
Integration of the North American Animal Products Complex (May 2005) examines the economic integration of the beef, pork, and
poultry industries of Mexico, Canada, and the United States
over the past two decades. Sanitary barriers, which are
designed to protect people and animals from diseases,
are some of the most significant barriers to fuller integration
of meat and animal markets. For more information on integration,
see North
America Moves Toward One Market (June 2005).
Contracts, Markets, and
Prices: Organizing the Production and Use of Agricultural
Commodities (November 2004) reports that contracts are now the primary
method of handling sales of many livestock commodities,
including milk, hogs, and broilers, and of major crops
such as sugar beets, fruit, and processing tomatoes. Production
and marketing contracts governed 36 percent of the value
of U.S. agricultural production in 2001, up from 12 percent
in 1969.
U.S. 2003 and 2004 Livestock and Poultry Trade Influenced by Animal Disease and Trade Restrictions (July 2004) discusses how animal diseases and disease-related trade restrictions have influenced trade in animal products in the past few years, with an emphasis on 2003 and forecasts for 2004. Disease outbreaks and related trade restrictions have slowed previously expected high growth in many U.S. animal product exports, with U.S. beef exports most affected.
Savvy
Buyers Spur Food Safety Innovations in Meat Processing
(April 2004) finds that the market incentives that motivate private
firms to invest in food safety innovation seem to be fairly
weak. Results from an ERS survey of U.S. meat and poultry
slaughter and processing plants and two case studies of
innovation in the U.S. beef industry reveal development
of a number of mechanisms to overcome that weakness and
to stimulate investment in food safety innovation. For
the full report, see Food
Safety Innovation in the United States: Evidence from
the Meat Industry (April 2004).
India's Poultry Sector:
Development and Prospects (February 2004) assess the supply, demand,
structure, and policy factors affecting the growth of
the Indian poultry industry, including the rise of integrated
producers who are fostering improved productivity and
reduced marketing costs.
The Poultry
Sector in Middle-Income Countries and Its Feed Requirements:
the Case of Egypt (December 2003) examines the interaction between
domestic feed and animal production and meat and feed
imports. Egypt, a country with little potential for growing
feed, illustrates the issues facing many middle-income
countries.
International
Trade of Meat/Poultry Products and Food Safety Issues
(November 2003) uses case studies to evaluate the international
trade implications of bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE or mad cow disease), foodborne pathogens (e.g., salmonella),
and certain production practices (e.g., drug use for growth
promotion) in exporting countries.
Many factors determine the Structure
of the Global Markets for Meat (September 2003), including the relative
availability of resources for raising and processing animals
for meat. Preferences for various cuts of meat among countries
provide opportunities for international trade.
Manure Management for
Water Quality (June 2003) evaluates the costs of spreading manure
on cropland at the farm, regional, and national levels.
EPA regulations enacted in February 2003 require concentrated
animal feeding operations (generally the largest producers
of hogs, chicken, dairy, and beef cattle) to meet nutrient
application standards when spreading their manure on cropland
in order to preserve water resources from nitrogen and
phosphorus runoff. USDA is encouraging all animal feeding
operations to do the same. If all operations meet the
new standards, increases in production costs could be
felt throughout the food and agricultural system.
Implications of Russia's
New Poultry Import Quotas (April 2003) examines the impact
of new quotas on livestock imports imposed by Russia in
April 2003. One of the quotas is an absolute quota on
poultry meat imports. Because Russia is one of the largest
destinations for U.S. poultry products, the quota could
significantly affect U.S. poultry exports and prices.
U.S.-Mexico
Broiler Trade: A Bird's Eye View (December 2002) examines sanitary
requirements and regulations currently governing the U.S.-Mexico
broiler trade. A sensitivity analysis, using a cost-minimization
mathematical programming model, detects minimal economic
impact on the U.S. broiler market if Mexico is allowed
to ship fresh, chilled, and frozen poultry to the United
States.
Confined Animal Production Poses Manure Management Problems
(September 2000) discusses the challenge of handling manure disposal
to avoid polluting water resources, a challenge compounded
by the growth in large specialized livestock growout operations.
User-Fee Financing of
USDA's Meat and Poultry Inspection (March 1999) examines user fees
as a method of financing meat and poultry inspection systems
in other countries and offers suggestions for structuring
a program in the United States).
Broiler Farms' Organization,
Management, and Performance (March 1999) describes the organization,
management, and financial performance of U.S. broiler
farms and considers factors such as farm size, financial
structure, household income, management practices, and
spousal participation in decision making.
An Economic Assessment
of Food Safety Regulations: The New Approach to Meat and
Poultry Inspection (July 1997) evaluates the benefits and costs
of reducing microbial pathogens and preventing foodborne
illness using the inspection system called Hazard Analysis
and Critical Control Points (HACCP).
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