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Analyses of Substance Abuse and Treatment Need Issues |
Methamphetamine Abuse in the United States
Methamphetamine-Related Deaths
Methamphetamine-Related Hospital ED EpisodesAdmissions to Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities
Levels of Use in the U.S. Population Table 1: Number of Methamphetamine-Related Deaths in Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1992-1995 Table 2 continued: Table 3: Estimated Number of Emergency Department Methamphetamine Mentions in the U.S. and In Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1991-1995 Table 5: Number of Primary Methamphetamine Admissions to Publicly-funded Treatment Units in Reporting States: 1993-1995 Table 6: Number of Admissions to Publicly-funded Treatment Units for Primary Methamphetamine Use and Percent Distribution by Route of Administration: 1993-95 Table 8: Percentage and 95 Percent Confidence Intervals of Total Population Ages 12 and Older Reporting Lifetime Methamphetamine Use, by Demographic Characteristics: 1994-96By Janet C. Greenblatt and Joseph C. Gfroerer
Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) strongly suggest that there has been a large increase in the abuse of methamphetamine. These increases in methamphetamine-related deaths and methamphetamine-related emergency episodes at hospitals have occurred primarily since 1992. Large increases in methamphetamine admissions to publicly funded treatment facilities occurred between 1992 and 1995. Most activity occurred in the western region of the U.S., but methamphetamine abuse also appears to be increasing in the mid-West and in some southern States.
Methamphetamine, a powerful stimulant drug, is commonly referred to as "speed," "crystal," "crank," "go," and, most recently, "ice," a smokable form of methamphetamine. It is currently the most widespread amphetamine that is illegally manufactured, distributed, and abused. The manufacture of methamphetamine is a relatively simple process and can be carried out by individuals without special knowledge or expertise in chemistry. Methamphetamine is often taken in combination with other drugs such as cocaine and marijuana and, like heroin and cocaine, can be inhaled, injected, ingested, or smoked. A single mode of administration may dominate in a particular area.
Methamphetamine users in treatment have reported physical symptoms associated with the use of methamphetamine including weight loss, tachycardia (abnormal rapidity of heart action), tachypnea (abnormal rapidity of respiration), hyperthermia (unusually high fever), insomnia, and muscular tremors. The behavioral and psychiatric symptoms reported most often include violent behavior, repetitive activity, memory loss, paranoia, delusions of reference, auditory hallucinations, and confusion or fright. (2)
Data presented come from several SAMHSA sources. The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) consists of two data collection efforts: data on drug abuse deaths that were reported by medical examiners in participating metropolitan areas (3) and data collected on drug-related episodes to a national probability sample of hospital emergency departments (4). Data on client admissions to specialty substance abuse treatment are obtained from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) (5). TEDS, which is compiled by SAMHSA from reports from states, covers primarily publicly-funded treatment facilities and accounts for about half of all public and private admissions to treatment in the U.S. All states do not participate, and a few participating states do not identify methamphetamine abusers separately. For a discussion of the limitations of the TEDS data, see SAMHSA Advance Report No. 12 (6). The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) is an ongoing national probability survey that provides information on the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco in the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the U.S., 12 years old and older (7).
Data reported to DAWN by participating medical examiners show that between 1992 and 1994, methamphetamine-related deaths more than doubled, going from 224 to 508 (Table 1). Between 1994 and 1995, overall the number of deaths reported fell by 4 percent (to 487 in 1995). However, the number of deaths has continued to increase in two western cities each year between 1992 and 1995 (Las Vegas and Los Angeles). In 1995, a majority of the deaths (84%) involved more than one drug, most often alcohol, heroin, or cocaine. In 1995, the majority of the decedents were age 26 to 44 (68%). 81% were male, and 77% were white (Table 2).
Methamphetamine-related ED episodes more than tripled between 1991 and 1994, rising from 4,900 to 17,700 (see Table 3). Between 1994 and 1995, there was no statistically significant change in methamphetamine-related episodes overall (16,200 in 1995). Between the first half of 1994 and the first half of 1995, the number of episodes increased by 35 percent, followed by a decrease in the last six months of 1995 (7,800 in the first half of 1994, 9,800 in first half of 1995, 6,400 in the second half of 1995). The decline in methamphetamine-related mentions continued through the first six months of 1996, with mentions decreasing to 4,000. Reports by local area epidemiologists indicate there was a shortage of methamphetamine beginning in the last half of 1995 in some western cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and San Francisco.
Between 1993 and 1995, episodes increased in nine of the 21 metropolitan areas oversampled by DAWN. The number of methamphetamine-related episodes more than doubled in Denver, St. Louis, Atlanta, and Dallas. During this time period, the number of episodes nearly doubled in Minneapolis and New Orleans. Methamphetamine-related ED episodes, like deaths, predominantly occur among whites and males (65% each). The numbers of episodes increased between 1991 and 1995 among blacks (by 145%) and Hispanics (by 356%) compared with an increase of 202 percent among whites. Between 1991 and 1995, the number of methamphetamine-related ED episodes increased 244 percent among males (from 3,057 to 10,516) and 206 percent among females (from 1,810 to 5,540) (Table 4).
The numbers of admissions for primary methamphetamine use at treatment facilities that received public funding for reporting States for 1993 through 1995 are shown in Table 5. Among the 35 States with 10 or more methamphetamine admissions in all three years, 31 States showed increases between 1993 and 1995. The States with the largest numbers of methamphetamine admissions in 1995 were California (26,591), Iowa (3,774), Washington (3,072), Utah (1,372), and Nevada (1,349). (Note that Arizona does not report to TEDS, and Texas does not provide methamphetamine admissions separately from amphetamines). Large increases were also seen in Hawaii (from 482 in 1993 to 1,029 in 1995), Missouri (from 9 in 1993 to 962 in 1995), Idaho (from 166 in 1993 to 877 in 1995), Minnesota (from 232 in 1993 to 857 in 1995), Kansas (from 238 in 1993 to 819 in 1995), Oklahoma (from 92 in 1993 to 635 in 1995), and Montana (from 159 in 1992 to 609 in 1995).
Metropolitan area data (see Table 6) show that, between 1993 and 1995, the number of primary methamphetamine admissions to treatment more than doubled in Denver (from 197 in 1993 to 500 in 1995), Minneapolis (from 152 in 1993 to 586 in 1995), and Seattle (from 121 in 1993 to 520 in 1995). Large increases were also seen in San Francisco (from 439 in 1993 to 1055 in 1995), Los Angeles (from 1,307 in 1993 to 2,514 in 1995), and San Diego (from 2,252 in 1993 to 3,513 in 1995). The primary reported routes of administration were inhalation in Los Angeles, Minneapolis, San Diego, and San Francisco and injection in Denver and Seattle.
Some states (Arkansas, Connecticut, Oregon and Texas) do not report methamphetamine and amphetamine admissions separately. Data for these states and selected cities in these states are included in Table 7. The number of amphetamine/methamphetamine-related admissions more than doubled in Arkansas (from 269 in 1993 to 1,043 in 1995) and nearly doubled in Oregon (from 2,435 in 1993 to 7,178 in 1995). Between 1993 and 1995, a large increase was seen in Portland, OR (from 948 in 1993 to 2,528 in 1995).
The 1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) estimates that about 4.8 million people have used methamphetamine in their lifetime (Table 8). Between 1994 and 1996, there were no statistically significant changes in lifetime methamphetamine use in any of the demographic catagories shown. In 1996, rates of lifetime use were lowest in the South (1.5%) and highest in the West (4.1%). Because the NHSDA does not ask about current methamphetamine use, past year nonmedical stimulant users who also used methamphetamine in their lifetime were analyzed as a proxy for current methamphetamine use (Table 9). In 1996, rates of use were highest among the unemployed (2.4%), those between the ages of 18 and 25 (1.0%), and those living in the West (1.4%).
1)Community Epidemiology Work Group. (1995). Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse: Volume I: Highlights and Executive Summary, Bethesda, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, June 1995. NIH publication no. 95-3990.
2)Miller, MA. (1995). Trends and patterns of methamphetamine smoking in Hawaii. In: Methamphetamine abuse: epidemiologic issues and implications. Miller MA, Kozel NJ, eds. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, June 1995. NIH publication no. 95-3990. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1991. Research monograph 115, DHHS publication no. (AM) 91-1836.
3)Office of Applied Studies. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1997). Drug Abuse Warning Network Annual Medical Examiner Data 1995; Rockville, Maryland; Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1995. Drug Abuse Warning Network Series: D-1 (DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 97-3126).
4)Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1996). Preliminary Estimates from the Drug Abuse Warning Network. 1995 Preliminary Estimates of Drug-Related Emergency Department Episodes. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1996. Advance Report Number 17.
5)Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Client Admissions to Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment in the United States: Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), Fiscal Year 1993-1995. Rockville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (unpublished data).
6)Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1997). National admissions to substance abuse treatment services: The treatment episode data set (TEDS) 1992-1995. Advance Report Number 12. Rockville, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 97-3128.
7)Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (1997). National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Main Findings 1995, Series H-1. Rockville, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 97-3127.
Metropolitan Area |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
Total (for reporting areas) Atlanta, GA Baltimore, MD Casper, WY Chicago, IL Dallas, TX Denver, CO Kansas City, KS/MO Las Vegas, NV Los Angeles, CA Louisville, KY Minneapolis, MN New York, NY Oklahoma City, OK Omaha, NB Philadelphia, PA Phoenix, AZ Portland, OR St. Louis, MO/IL Salt Lake City, UT San Antonio, TX San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Sioux Falls, SD Washington, D.C. |
224 0 0 0 0 8 1 0 6 55 1 0 1 7 1 18 16 3 1 0 3 71 31 0 0 1 |
380 1 0 0 0 6 2 0 22 126 1 1 1 7 1 25 37 12 5 1 0 77 54 1 0 0 |
508 2 1 1 2 9 0 0 33 134 2 3 0 17 1 18 76 17 7 2 0 115 66 0 1 1 |
487 0 0 0 1 11 3 1 47 141 0 3 2 32 7 13 30 13 7 11 4 99 53 7 0 1 |
Note: Excludes deaths in which AIDS was reported, deaths in which "drug unknown" was the only substance mentioned, and homicides.
The following metropolitan areas reported no methamphetamine-related deaths during 1992-1995: Anchorage, Birmingham, Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Fargo, Indianapolis, Miami, Nashua, New Orleans, Newark, and Norfolk.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network.
1992 | 1993 |
1994 | 1995 | Percent Change in Numbers | |||||
Demographic Characteristics | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | 1994-1995 |
Total |
224 |
100 |
380 |
100 |
508 |
100 |
487 |
100 |
-4.1 |
| |||||||||
Male |
172 |
77 |
305 |
80 |
405 |
80 |
393 |
81 |
-3.0 |
Female |
50 |
22 |
71 |
19 |
102 |
20 |
94 |
19 |
-7.8 |
Unknown/No response |
2 |
* |
4 |
1 |
1 |
* |
0 |
0 |
0.0 |
RACE/ETHNICITY | |||||||||
White |
185 |
83 |
302 |
79 |
408 |
80 |
374 |
77 |
-8.3 |
Black |
12 |
5 |
21 |
6 |
26 |
6 |
24 |
5 |
-7.7 |
Hispanic |
18 |
8 |
43 |
11 |
58 |
11 |
73 |
15 |
25.9 |
Other |
8 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
8 |
2 |
8 |
2 |
0.0 |
Unknown/No response |
1 |
* |
9 |
2 |
8 |
2 |
8 |
1 |
0.0 |
AGE | |||||||||
12 to 17 Years |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
9 |
2 |
9 |
2 |
0.0 |
| |||||||||
18 to 25 Years |
26 |
12 |
54 |
14 |
85 |
17 |
67 |
14 |
-21.2 |
18 to 19 Years |
2 |
1 |
7 |
2 |
9 |
2 |
13 |
3 |
0.0 |
20 to 25 Years |
24 |
11 |
47 |
12 |
76 |
15 |
54 |
11 |
-28.9 |
26 to 34 Years |
74 |
33 |
133 |
35 |
164 |
32 |
149 |
31 |
-9.1 |
26 to 29 Years |
29 |
13 |
56 |
15 |
54 |
11 |
50 |
10 |
-7.4 |
30 to 34 Years |
45 |
20 |
77 |
20 |
110 |
22 |
99 |
20 |
-10.0 |
1992 | 1993 |
1994 | 1995 | Percent Change in Numbers | |||||
Demographic Characteristics | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | 1994-1995 |
35 Years and Older |
121 |
54 |
188 |
49 |
246 |
48 |
257 |
53 |
4.5 |
35 to 44 Years |
91 |
41 |
131 |
34 |
167 |
33 |
181 |
37 |
8.4 |
45 to 54 Years |
23 |
10 |
42 |
11 |
66 |
13 |
64 |
13 |
3.0 |
55 Years and Older |
7 |
3 |
15 |
4 |
13 |
3 |
12 |
2 |
-7.7 |
Unknown/No Response |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
0.0 |
DRUG CONCOMITANCE |
| ||||||||
Single-drug Episode |
23 |
10 |
36 |
9 |
57 |
11 |
78 |
16 |
36.8 |
Multi-drug Episode |
201 |
90 |
344 |
91 |
451 |
89 |
409 |
84 |
-9.3 |
| |||||||||
CAUSE OF DEATH | |||||||||
Drug-induced (overdose) |
131 |
58 |
184 |
48 |
203 |
40 |
246 |
51 |
-21.2 |
Direct - single drug cause |
3 |
0 |
6 |
2 |
16 |
3 |
22 |
5 |
37.5 |
Direct - multiple drug cause |
129 |
57 |
178 |
47 |
187 |
37 |
224 |
46 |
19.8 |
Drug related (contributory factor) |
91 |
41 |
184 |
48 |
292 |
57 |
236 |
48 |
-19.2 |
Drug and physiological condition |
28 |
13 |
56 |
15 |
81 |
16 |
73 |
15 |
-9.9 |
Drug and external physical event |
58 |
26 |
119 |
31 |
196 |
39 |
152 |
31 |
-22.4 |
Drug and medical disorder |
5 |
2 |
9 |
2 |
15 |
3 |
11 |
2 |
-26.7 |
Unknown |
2 |
1 |
12 |
3 |
13 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
-61.5 |
1992 | 1993 |
1994 | 1995 | Percent Change in Numbers | |||||
MANNER OF DEATH | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | 1994-1995 |
Accidental/unexpected |
156 |
70 |
253 |
67 |
324 |
64 |
315 |
65 |
-2.8 |
Suicide |
38 |
17 |
72 |
19 |
89 |
18 |
95 |
20 |
6.7 |
Other/unknown |
30 |
13 |
55 |
14 |
95 |
19 |
77 |
16 |
-18.9 |
|
|
| |||||||
Total |
224 |
100 |
380 |
100 |
508 |
100 |
487 |
100 |
-4.1 |
* Less than 1%.
Note: Excludes deaths in which AIDS was reported, deaths in which "drug unknown" was the only substance mentioned, and homicides.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network.
Metropolitan Area |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995* |
% Change | |||||
Number |
Rate |
Number |
Rate |
Number |
Rate |
Number |
Rate |
Number |
Rate |
1994-95 | |
Total U.S.1 Atlanta, GA Baltimore, MD Boston, MA Buffalo, NY Chicago, IL Dallas, TX Denver, CO Detroit, MI Los Angeles/L.Beach,CA Miami/Hialeah, FL Minneapolis/ St.Paul,MN New Orleans, NO New York, NY Newark, NJ Philadelphia, PA Phoenix, AZ San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA St. Louis, MO/IL Washington, D.C. |
4,887 38 .. 13 ... 18 99 38 29 506 ... 22 40 12 ... 92 164 515 839 90 27 22 |
0.2 1.5 0.4
0.3 4.3 2.6 0.7 6.4 1.0 3.6 0.2
2.1 8.6 22.9 56.5 5.0 1.2 0.6 |
6,563 21 ... 12 ... 12 68 31 10 828 ... 42 18 20 11 142 279 931 688 99 15 24 |
2.9 0.8 0.3
0.2 2.9 2.1 0.2 10.3 1.9 1.6 0.3 0.7 3.2 14.5 41.1 45.8 5.5 0.7 0.2 |
9,926 55 ... 15 ... 20 79 55 24 1,226 ... 42 10 16 ... 110 481 929 992 177 29 20 |
4.3 2.1 0.4 0.4 3.4 3.7 0.6 15.2 1.9 0.9 0.2 2.4 24.7 40.6 65.3 9.6 1.3 0.5 |
17,665 101 ... ... ... 20 154 145 17 1,400 ... 64 12 21 ... 92 813 913 1,258 299 52 33 |
7.7
3.8 0.3 6.6 9.5 0.4 17.4 3.0 1.0 0.3 1.9 39.3 42.1 75.4 14.0 2.4 0.9 |
16,184 144 ... ... ... 35 197 193 ... 1,288 ... 80 19 23 ... 87 760 679 1,225 265 79 25 |
7.0 5.4 ... ... ... 0.6 8.3 10.8 ... 15.7 ... 3.5 1.6 0.3 ... 1.9 38.4 29.3 79.4 14.2 3.4 0.7 |
-8% 43 ... ... ... 75 28 33 - -8 ... 25 58 10 ... - 5 - 7 -26 -3 -11 52 -24 |
* Estimates for this time period are preliminary. Final estimates may be higher or lower due to nonresponse adjustment and other factors.
1 - Part of the increase between 1993 and 1994 in the national estimate was due to a change in reporting practice in two hospitals in the National Panel component of the DAWN sample (i.e., the areas outside the 21 listed metropolitan areas). Excluding these two hospitals, the increase was still 45% between 1993 and 1994.
... Estimated quantity less than 10 or fewer than 10 cases in the denominator.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network.
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995* | |
Total Age 6-17 18-25 26-34 35+ Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other/Unknown Motive for Taking Drug Dependence Suicide Recreational Use Other Psychic Effect Unknown Reason for Visit Unexpected Reaction Overdose Withdrawal Chronic Effects Seeking Detoxification Other/Unknown |
4,887 442 1,302 1,972 1,168 3,057 1,810
3,485 370 622 410 2,131 400 1,428 209 720 1,481 1,017 229 1,087 371 702 |
6,563 676 1,719 2,790 1,378
4,459 2,022
4,607 263 925 768 2,216 583 2,103 285 1,376 2,345 1,916 315 949 537 501 |
9,926 677 3,425 3,642 2,182 6,747 3,073
7,070 347 1,343 1,165 3,498 865 2,691 219 2,652 3,689 2,844 130 1,310 839 1,114 |
17,665 1,983 5,494 5,870 4,318 11,394 6,210
12,374 982 2,606 1,704 7,123 922 4,243 511 4,866 6,359 4,454 633 2,551 1,375 2,292
|
16,184 1,424 4,828 5,551 4,351 10,516 5,540
10,524 905 2,834 1,921 7,245 1,094 3,406 445 4,389 5,154 4,138 1,008 2,961 1,086 1,878 |
*Estimates for this time period are preliminary. Final estimates may be higher or lower due to nonresponse adjustment and other factors.
Note: Part of the increase between 1993 and 1994 in the national estimate was due to a change in reporting practice in two hospitals in the National Panel component of the DAWN sample (i.e., the areas outside the 21 listed metropolitan areas). Excluding these two hospitals, the increase was still 45% between 1993 and 1994.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Drug Abuse Warning Network.
State |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
% Change 1994-95 |
Total |
20,426 |
32,470 |
45,588 |
40 |
*Alabama |
33 |
36 |
108 |
200 |
*Alaska |
3 |
13 |
27 |
108 |
*California |
15,792 |
23,024 |
26,591 |
15 |
*Colorado |
446 |
839 |
1,318 |
57 |
*Delaware |
4 |
5 |
6 |
20 |
Dst. of Columbia |
5 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
*Florida |
107 |
125 |
201 |
61 |
*Georgia |
82 |
129 |
242 |
88 |
*Hawaii |
482 |
630 |
1,029 |
63 |
Idaho |
166 |
383 |
877 |
129 |
*Illinois |
30 |
46 |
122 |
165 |
*Indiana |
92 |
190 |
198 |
4 |
*Iowa |
252 |
973 |
3,774 |
288 |
Kansas |
238 |
391 |
819 |
109 |
Kentucky |
n/a |
n/a |
15 |
n/a |
*Louisiana |
77 |
27 |
50 |
85 |
*Maine |
18 |
18 |
23 |
28 |
*Maryland |
23 |
35 |
44 |
26 |
*Massachusetts |
18 |
37 |
42 |
14 |
*Michigan |
73 |
116 |
117 |
1 |
*Minnesota |
232 |
413 |
857 |
108 |
*Missouri |
9 |
364 |
962 |
164 |
*Montana |
159 |
360 |
609 |
69 |
N/A = Not Available.
NOTE: States not yet contributing data to TEDS include: Arizona and Mississippi. Arkansas, Connecticut, Oregon and Texas do not provide methamphetamine admissions separately.
* = States for which consistent data are available for 1993 through 1995.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Treatment Episode Data Set.
State |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
% Change 1994-95 |
Nebraska |
79 |
165 |
194 |
18 |
*Nevada |
635 |
953 |
1,349 |
42 |
*New Hampshire |
4 |
4 |
5 |
25 |
New Jersey |
82 |
78 |
11 |
-86 |
*New Mexico |
60 |
103 |
154 |
50 |
*New York |
110 |
95 |
101 |
6 |
*North Carolina |
16 |
26 |
43 |
65 |
*North Dakota |
10 |
18 |
41 |
128 |
*Ohio |
141 |
144 |
138 |
-4 |
*Oklahoma |
92 |
329 |
635 |
93 |
Pennsylvania |
85 |
167 |
102 |
-39 |
Puerto Rico |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
*Rhode Island |
1 |
4 |
2 |
-50 |
*South Carolina |
20 |
24 |
58 |
142 |
*South Dakota |
21 |
29 |
148 |
410 |
Tennessee |
2 |
5 |
n/a |
n/a |
*Utah |
154 |
615 |
1,372 |
123 |
Vermont |
3 |
7 |
6 |
-14 |
*Virginia |
35 |
39 |
67 |
72 |
*Washington |
504 |
1,473 |
3,072 |
109 |
West Virginia |
4 |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
*Wisconsin |
16 |
16 |
19 |
19 |
Wyoming |
11 |
22 |
24 |
9 |
N/A = Not Available.
NOTE: States not yet contributing data to TEDS include: Arizona and Mississippi. Arkansas, Connecticut, Oregon and Texas do not provide methamphetamine admissions separately.
* = States for which consistent data are available for 1993 through 1995.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Treatment Episode Data Set.
Metropolitan Area
|
Number of Methamphetamine Admissions |
% Change
|
Percent by Route of Administration for 1995 Admissions | |||||||
1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1994-95 | Inhale | Smoke | Inject | Oral | Other | Total | |
Atlanta, GA |
50 |
40 |
70 |
75 |
48.6 |
10.0 |
24.3 |
15.7 |
1.4 |
100.0 |
Baltimore, MD |
9 |
15 |
19 |
27 |
55.6 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
16.7 |
5.6 |
100.0 |
Boston, MA |
16 |
29 |
34 |
17 |
29.4 |
11.8 |
23.5 |
35.3 |
0 |
100.0 |
Buffalo, NY |
20 |
20 |
16 |
-20 |
12.5 |
18.8 |
18.8 |
50.0 |
0 |
100.0 |
Chicago, IL |
8 |
9 |
20 |
122 |
30.0 |
50.0 |
10.0 |
10.0 |
0 |
100.0 |
Denver, CO |
197 |
337 |
500 |
48 |
32.8 |
17.3 |
42.7 |
6.8 |
0.4 |
100.0 |
Detroit, MI |
7 |
11 |
24 |
118 |
29.2 |
25.0 |
12.5 |
33.3 |
0 |
100.0 |
Los Angeles, CA |
1,307 |
1,926 |
2,514 |
31 |
51.1 |
29.6 |
14.4 |
4.2 |
0.7 |
100.0 |
Miami, FL |
0 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
0 |
33.3 |
0 |
100.0 |
Minneapolis, MN |
152 |
300 |
586 |
95 |
54.6 |
8.2 |
26.1 |
11.2 |
0 |
100.0 |
New Orleans, LA |
19 |
5 |
17 |
240 |
6.7 |
0 |
13.3 |
6.7 |
73.3 |
100.0 |
New York, NY |
30 |
26 |
33 |
27 |
30.3 |
27.3 |
12.1 |
30.3 |
0 |
100.0 |
Newark, NJ |
8 |
7 |
3 |
-57 |
66.7 |
0 |
0 |
33.3 |
0 |
100.0 |
Philadelphia |
79 |
86 |
37 |
-57 |
27.0 |
5.4 |
45.9 |
21.6 |
0 |
100.0 |
St. Louis, MO |
4 |
34 |
130 |
282 |
37.0 |
12.6 |
38.6 |
11.8 |
0 |
100.0 |
San Diego, CA |
2,252 |
3,303 |
3,513 |
6 |
45.6 |
31.5 |
19.9 |
2.8 |
0.2 |
100.0 |
San Francisco, CA |
439 |
803 |
1,055 |
31 |
43.0 |
13.4 |
37.3 |
5.7 |
0.6 |
100.0 |
Seattle, WA |
121 |
323 |
520 |
61 |
10.1 |
24.9 |
54.6 |
10.1 |
0.3 |
100.0 |
Washington, D.C. |
24 |
27 |
32 |
19 |
31.3 |
28.1 |
28.1 |
9.4 |
3.1 |
100.0 |
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Treatment Episode Data Set.
State |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
% Change 1994-95 |
*Arkansas |
269 |
600 |
1,043 |
74 |
Connecticut |
29 |
32 |
32 |
0 |
*Oregon |
2,435 |
4,810 |
7,178 |
49 |
*Texas |
1,001 |
1,394 |
1,483 |
6 |
Selected Cities |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
% Change 1994-95 |
Dallas, TX |
149 |
246 |
217 |
-12 |
Houston, TX |
88 |
94 |
102 |
9 |
Portland, OR |
948 |
1,638 |
2,528 |
54 |
San Antonio, TX |
50 |
50 |
64 |
28 |
* = States for which consistent data are available for 1993 through 1995.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, Treatment Episode Data Set.
Demographics |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 | |||
Percentage (95% C.I.) |
Estimated Number (In 1000s) |
Percentage (95% C.I.) |
Estimated Number (In 1000s) |
Percentage (95% C.I.) |
Estimated Number (In 1000s) | |
Total Education1 <HS Grad. HS Grad. Some College College Grad. Employment1 Full-time Part-time Unemployed Other Age 12-17 18-25 26-34 35+ Sex Male Female Region Northeast North Central South West |
1.8 (1.6-2.1) 1.7 (1.3-2.3) 2.0 (1.6-2.6) 2.3 (1.7-3.2) 1.7 (1.2-2.5) 2.9 (2.4-3.4) 1.1 (0.7-1.8) 3.0 (1.8-5.0) 0.7 (0.5-1.2) 0.6 (0.3-1.0) 1.7 (1.1-2.7) 3.6 (3.0-4.3) 1.6 (1.2-2.0) 2.6 (2.2-3.2) 1.1 (0.8-1.4) 1.0 (0.6-1.8) 1.9 (1.5-2.4) 1.4 (1.1-1.9) 3.2 (2.4-4.1) |
3,825 652 1,252 1,044 756 2,739 276 249 440 121 480 1,306 1,918 2,659 1,166 423 939 1,043 1,419 |
2.2 (1.8-2.6) 1.4 (1.0-2.1) 2.6 (1.9-3.4) 2.8 (2.0-3.9) 2.4 (1.6-3.6) 2.7 (2.1-3.4) 3.4 (2.3-5.1) 4.9 (2.8-8.5) 1.1 (0.8-1.6) 0.8 (0.5-1.1) 1.9 (1.3-2.6) 3.8 (3.2-4.6) 2.1 (1.6-2.7) 2.9 (2.3-3.6) 1.6 (1.2-2.0) 1.3 (0.8-2.1) 1.7 (1.0-2.8) 1.8 (1.2-2.5) 4.4 (3.4-5.6) |
4,676 519 1,682 1,173 1,132 2,689 738 403 676 169 515 1,385 2,607 2,940 1,736 551 817 1,292 2,016 |
2.3 (1.9-2.7) 2.4 (1.7-3.3) 2.5 (1.8-3.4) 2.9 (2.2-3.9) 2.1 (1.3-2.1) 3.2 (2.6-4.0) 2.1 (1.4-3.3) 6.0(3.3-10.8) 0.9 (0.6-1.3) 0.6 (0.4-1.1) 2.5 (2.0-3.2) 4.1 (3.4-5.0) 2.0 (1.5-2.6) 3.2 (2.6-3.9) 1.4 (1.1 -1.8) 1.9 (1.4-2.5) 2.1 (1.3-3.4) 1.5 (1.1-2.0) 4.1 (2.9-5.6) |
4,841 880 1,640 1,258 945 3,187 473 497 539 145 702 1,461 2,532 3,266 1,575 787 1,086 1,123 1,844 |
NOTE: These estimates are not comparable to data from 1993 and earlier NHSDAs because of the change in the questionnaire beginning in 1994.
1 Data on current education and employment for those age 18 and older only.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-6.
Demographics |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 | |||
Percentage (95% C.I. ) |
Estimated Number (In 1000s) |
Percentage (95% C.I. ) |
Estimated Number (In1000s) |
Percentage (95% C.I. ) |
Estimated Number (In1000s) | |
Total Education1 <HS Grad. HS Grad. Some College College Grad. Employment1 Full-time Part-time Unemployed Other Age 12-17 18-25 26-34 35+ Sex Male Female Region Northeast North Central South West |
0.4 (0.3-0.5) 0.6 (0.4-0.9) 0.3 (0.2-0.5) 0.3 (0.2-0.7) 0.3 (0.1-0.7) 0.5 (0.3-0.7) 0.4 (0.2-0.8) 0.7 (0.3-1.7) 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 0.3 (0.2-0.7) 0.7 (0.4-1.2) 0.7 (0.5-1.0) 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.2 (0.1-0.6) 0.3 (0.1-0.6) 0.2 (0.1-0.5) 0.9 (0.5-1.5) |
760 230 187 155 114 433 91 55 106 74 211 257 217 511 249 76 129 174 381 |
0.4 (0.3-0.6) 0.4 (0.2-0.8) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) 0.5 (0.2-1.0) 0.1 (0.0-0.4) 0.4 (0.3-0.7) 0.4 (0.2-0.8) 1.3 (0.6-2.9) 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 0.7 (0.4-1.1) 1.0 (0.6-1.6) 0.9 (0.6-1.4) 0.1 (0.0-0.4) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) 0.4 (0.2-0.5) 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 0.4 (0.1-1.2) 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 1.1 (0.8-1.6) |
892 154 334 205 46 429 88 111 111 153 269 331 140 492 400 33 181 157 522 |
0.5(0.4-0.7) 0.7 (0.4-1.0) 0.7 (0.4-1.2) 0.8 (0.5-1.2) 0.0 (0.0-0.3) 0.5 (0.3-0.8) 0.5 (0.2-1.0) 2.4 (1.4-4.2) 0.3 (0.2-0.6) 0.5 (0.4-0.7) 1.2 (0.9-1.7) 0.9 (0.6-1.3) 0.3 (0.2-0.6) 0.8 (0.5-1.1) 0.3 (0.2-0.6) 0.0 (0.0-0.2) 0.4 (0.2-0.8) 0.4 (0.2-0.7) 1.4 (0.9-2.1) |
1,152 251 438 330 16 532 108 201 193 117 343 311 381
810 342 21 216 269 645 |
1 Data on current education and employment for those age 18 and older only.
Note: Past year nonmedical stimulant users who used methamphetamine in their lifetimes are used as a proxy for past year methamphetamine use. Among past year stimulant users who report lifetime methamphetamine use, 55% report no other stimulant ever used nonmedically.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-6.
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