Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS) Highlights - - 2006 National Admissions to Substance
Abuse Treatment Services. OAS Series #S-40, DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 08-4313,
Rockville, MD, 2007.
This report presents summary results from the Treatment Episode
Data Set (TEDS) for 2006. The report provides information on the demographic
and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million annual admissions to
treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs in facilities that report to individual
State administrative data systems [Table 1a].
This summary report is issued in advance of the full TEDS report for
1996-2006. It includes demographic data and all items from the TEDS Minimum Data
Set. The full report also will include data from the Supplemental Data Set,
State data, and State rates.
TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent
individuals. Thus, for example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within
a calendar year would be counted as two admissions.
TEDS does not include all admissions to substance abuse treatment. It includes
admissions to facilities that are licensed or certified by the State substance
abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively
tracked by the agency for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS
data are those that receive State alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including
Federal Block Grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment
services.
Major Substances of Abuse
Five substances accounted for 96 percent of all TEDS admissions in 2006:
alcohol (40 percent); opiates (18 percent; primarily heroin);
marijuana/hashish (16 percent); cocaine (14 percent); and stimulants (9
percent, primarily methamphetamine) [Table 1b].
Alcohol
Alcohol as a primary substance accounted for 40 percent of TEDS
admissions in 2006, down from 51 percent in 1996. Forty-five percent of
primary alcohol admissions reported secondary drug abuse as well [Tables
1a and 1b].
About three-quarters of admissions for abuse of alcohol alone and for
abuse of alcohol with secondary drug abuse were male (75 percent and 74
percent, respectively) [Table 2a].
More than two-thirds (69 percent) of all alcohol-only admissions were non-
Hispanic White, 13 percent were of Hispanic origin, and 11 percent were non-Hispanic
Black. Among admissions for alcohol with secondary drug abuse, 60 percent
were nonHispanic White, followed by 24 percent who were nonHispanic Black
and 11 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table
2a].
For alcohol-only admissions, the average age at admission was 39 years,
compared with 35 years among admissions for primary alcohol with secondary
drug abuse [Table 2a].
Heroin
Heroin as a primary substance increased from 14 percent of all TEDS
admissions in 1996 to 16 percent in 2001, then declined to 14 percent in
2006 [Table 1b].
About two-thirds (68 percent ) of primary heroin admissions were male [Table
2a].
More than half (52 percent) of primary heroin admissions were nonHispanic
White, followed by 24 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 22 percent who
were nonHispanic Black [Table 2a].
For primary heroin admissions, the average age at admission was 36 years [Table
2a].
Sixty-four percent of primary heroin admissions reported injection as the
route of administration, 32 percent reported inhalation, and 2 percent
reported smoking [Table 3].
Other Opiates1
TEDS admissions for primary abuse of opiates other than heroin increased
from 1 percent of all admissions in 1996 to 4 percent in 2006 [Table
1b].
Just over half (54 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions were
male [Table 2a].
Most primary non-heroin opiate admissions (88 percent) were nonHispanic
White [Table 2a].
For primary non-heroin opiate admissions, the average age at admission was
33 years [Table 2a].
Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate
admissions reported oral as the route of administration, 14 percent reported
inhalation, and 11 percent reported injection [Table
3].
Cocaine/Crack
The proportion of admissions for primary cocaine abuse declined from 16
percent in 1996 to 13 percent in 2001 and 2002, then increased slightly to
14 percent in 2004 through 2006 [Table 1b].
Smoked cocaine (crack) represented 71 percent of all primary cocaine
admissions in 2006 [Tables 1a and
1b].
Fifty-eight percent of primary smoked cocaine admissions were male,
compared with 65 percent of non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table
2a].
Among primary smoked cocaine admissions, 49 percent were nonHispanic Black,
41 percent were nonHispanic White, and 8 percent were of Hispanic origin.
nonHispanic Whites predominated (54 percent) among primary non-smoked cocaine
admissions, followed by nonHispanic Blacks (25 percent) and persons of Hispanic
origin (18 percent) [Table 2a].
For primary smoked cocaine admissions, the average age at admission was 38
years, compared with 33 years for non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table
2a].
Among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, 80 percent reported
inhalation as the route of administration, 11 percent reported injection,
and 7 percent reported oral [Table 3].
Marijuana/Hashish
The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from
12 percent in 1996 to 16 percent in 2004 through 2006 [Table
1b].
Nearly three-quarters (74 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were
male [Table 2a].
Over half (52 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were nonHispanic
White, followed by 29 percent who were nonHispanic Black and 14 percent who
were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
For primary marijuana admissions, the average age at admission was 24
years [Table 2a].
Methamphetamine/Amphetamine and Other Stimulants
The proportion of admissions for abuse of
methamphetamine/amphetamine and other stimulants increased from 3 percent to
9 percent between 1996 and 2006 [Table 1b].
Fifty-four percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were
male [Table 2a].
Two-thirds (68 percent) of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions
were nonHispanic White, followed by 19 percent who were of Hispanic origin
and 3 percent each who were Asian/Pacific Islander or nonHispanic Black [Table
2a].
For primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, the average age at
admission was 31 years [Table 2a].
Sixty-five percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions
reported smoking as the route of administration, 18 percent reported
injection, and 11 percent reported inhalation [Table
3].
Race/Ethnicity
Among all racial/ethnic groups except Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin,
primary alcohol use (alone or in combination with other drugs) was the most
frequently reported substance at treatment admission. However, the proportion
reporting use of the next four most common substances (opiates, marijuana,
cocaine, and stimulants) varied considerably by racial/ethnic group.
Among nonHispanic Whites, alcohol (43 percent) was followed by opiates
(18 percent), marijuana (14 percent), and cocaine and stimulants (10 percent
each) [Table 2b].
Among nonHispanic Blacks, alcohol (31 percent) was followed by cocaine (27
percent), marijuana (22 percent), and opiates (15 percent). Only 1 percent
reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table
2b].
Among persons of Mexican origin, alcohol (36 percent) was followed by
stimulants (22 percent), marijuana (18 percent), opiates (14 percent), and
cocaine (9 percent) [Table 2b].
Among persons of Puerto Rican origin, opiates (46 percent) were the most
frequently reported substance at admission, followed by alcohol (25
percent), and marijuana and cocaine (13 percent each). Only one percent
reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table
2b].
Among persons of Cuban origin, alcohol (35 percent) was followed by
opiates (31 percent), cocaine (16 percent), marijuana (10 percent), and
stimulants (3 percent) [Table 2b].
Among Alaska Natives, alcohol (47 percent) was followed by opiates (21
percent), marijuana (11 percent), cocaine (10 percent), and stimulants (9
percent) [Table 2b].
Among American Indians, alcohol (64 percent) was followed by marijuana (13
percent), stimulants (10 percent), opiates (6 percent), and cocaine (5
percent) [Table 2b].
Among Asians/Pacific Islanders, alcohol (33 percent) was followed by
stimulants (27 percent), marijuana (20 percent), and opiates and cocaine (9
percent each) [Table 2b].
Type of Service
Sixty-three percent of TEDS admissions in 2006 entered ambulatory
treatment, 20 percent entered detoxification, and 17 percent entered
residential/rehabilitation treatment [Table 4].
Admissions for primary marijuana abuse had the largest proportion of
admissions to ambulatory treatment (84 percent). Admissions for inhalant
abuse had the next largest proportion admitted to ambulatory treatment (70
percent) [Table 4].
Primary heroin admissions, tranquilizer admissions, and admissions for
abuse of alcohol alone had the largest proportions of admissions to
detoxification (34 percent for heroin, and 30 percent each for tranquilizers
and alcohol alone) [Table 4].
Admissions for primary smoked cocaine had the largest proportion of
admissions to residential/rehabilitation treatment (30 percent), followed by
admissions for PCP (27 percent), hallucinogens (26 percent),
methamphetamine/amphetamines (25 percent), and non-smoked cocaine (24
percent) [Table 4].
Opioid Replacement Therapy
Overall, opioid replacement therapy (medication-assisted therapy with
methadone or buprenorphine) was planned for 5 percent of TEDS admissions in
2006. Opioid replacement therapy was planned for 29 percent of primary
heroin admissions and for 21 percent of admissions for opiates other than
heroin [Table 4].
Source of Referral to Treatment
In 2006, more than one-third (38 percent) of TEDS admissions were
referred to treatment through the criminal justice system. Primary marijuana
and PCP admissions had the largest proportion of admissions referred through
the criminal justice system (58 percent each), followed by
methamphetamine/amphetamine (55 percent) [Table
4].
One-third (33 percent) of TEDS admissions in 2006 represented self- or
individual referrals. Primary heroin admissions had the largest proportion
of self- or individual referrals (59 percent), followed by admissions for
opiates other than heroin (52 percent) [Table
4].
Employment Status
In 2006, admissions for alcohol only were the most likely to be
employed (43 percent). The proportion employed was lowest (16 percent) among
admissions for smoked cocaine. The proportion not in the labor force was
highest (49 percent) among admissions for heroin and lowest (29 percent)
among admissions for abuse of alcohol only [Table
5].
Educational Level
In 2006, educational level was highest (more than 12 years of education)
among admissions for sedatives (34 percent) followed by admissions for
alcohol only (31 percent) [Table 5].
1These drugs include codeine, hydrocodone,
hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, pentazocine,
propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with morphine-like effects.
Non-prescription use of methadone is not included.
This page has been accessed
103348
times since 2/15/08.
This page was last updated
on
June 16, 2008.
SAMHSA, an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal
Government's lead agency for improving the quality and availability of
substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health
services in the United States.