Translation Script
for
The GLOBE Program
"Protocol Series: Salinity"
March 21, 2001
Music up. Opening sequence and title slate appears: Protocol Series: Salinity and effect to a shot of waves crashing on the shore.
Cut to teacher and students on camera.
Teacher: "One of the characteristics of the ocean or an estuary or brackish is the saltiness of the water. Do you guys have any questions about the salinity of water?"
Student 1: "Are there different levels of salinity in different parts of the ocean?"
Student 2: "Does the salinity effect where animals can live in different parts of the ocean?"
Student 1: "What happens to the animals when the salt level gets too high, like the dead sea?"
Cut to Dr. Roger Bales, University of Arizona, on camera.
SOT: "The GLOBE Program has included salinity as a measurement because salinity is a very good index of what can live in a water. We know that fresh water has a very low salinity and certain types of organisms live in fresh water. We know that in coastal waters, there are many different salinity levels and we find different environments and different ecosystems, depending on the salinity level that's there."
Cut to Dr. Martha Conklin, University of Arizona, on camera.
SOT: "Changes in salinity are very important as well because in tidal areas, you can see a change in salinity over the day and that will also give some additional information about what organisms can live there."
Music sting and graphic bumper: Getting Started
Cut to shots of different bodies of water or a graphic showing the ocean,
and a river flowing into it.
1. THE SALINITY PROTOCOL IS PERFORMED BY GLOBE STUDENTS STUDYING SALT LAKES, RIVERS WHERE THEY CONTAIN A SIGNIFICANT AMOUT OF SALT, ESTUARIES, AND OCEANS.
Cut to wide shot of students at a water site.
2. SALINITY IS A MEASURE OF THE SALTINESS OF WATER, AND IS
DETERMINED BY MEASURING WATER TEMPERATURE AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
Music sting. Dictionary graphic with text (definition: specific gravity, The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of pure water), then dissolve to words showing the ratio (density of a substance over density of pure water)
DEFINITION: Specific Gravity. The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of pure water
Cut to shots of materials: hydrometer, conversion table, clear plastic graduated cylinder, alcohol-filled thermometer, table salt, distilled water, a balance, 2 1-liter plastic bottles, masking tape
3. TO DO THE PROTOCOL, YOU'LL NEED A HYDROMETER, A CLEAR GRADUATED CYLINDER, AN ALCOHOL-FILLED THERMOMETER, TABLE SALT, DISTILLED WATER, A BALANCE, 2 1-LITER BOTTLES, MASKING TAPE, A CONVERSION TABLE, AND YOUR DATA WORKSHEETS.
Music sting and bumper graphic: Step By Step
Cut to cinema-verite style footage of students doing protocol in the field.
Begin with wide shot establishing the students at the water site, then cut to shots of students rinsing a sample bucket and collecting a sample of water.
4. STUDENTS STUDYING SALINITY START BY COLLECTING A WATER SAMPLE -- AND MAKING SURE TO RINSE THE COLLECTION BUCKET AT LEAST TWICE.
Cut to shot of students filling the graduated cylinder and measuring the temperature of the water sample.
5. THEN THEY MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER.
Cut to shots of a student shaking and checking alcohol thermometer and then placing thermometer in the sample water. Cutaway of student checking watch.
Student 1: "Ok, now that its been three minutes, I'm going to take the temperature. I say it's 14 degrees."
Student 2: "Let me double check...um...looks 14 degrees to me."
Student 3: "Looks to be 14."
Cut to sound-up and shots of students recording temperature on worksheet.
6. ONCE YOU HAVE RECORDED THE TEMPERATURE, IT IS TIME TO USE THE HYDROMETER TO MEASURE SPECIFIC GRAVITY. YOUR DISTILLED WATER, WHICH IS PURE, HAS A SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF 1.0. AS THE WATER BECOMES MORE SALTY, ITS SPECIFIC GRAVITY INCREASES, AND THE HYDROMETER WILL FLOAT HIGHER IN THE WATER.
Cut to shot of students taking out hydrometer and placing it in the cylinder. Close-up shows hydrometer is not touching the walls of the graduated cylinder.
Cut to shot of student reading hydrometer and close-up of reading.
Student 1: "It looks like 1.024 to me."
Dissolve to shot of different student at same site taking a new sample of water and repeating the protocol.
7. AS WITH ALL HYDROLOGY PROTOCOLS, THREE WATER SAMPLES FROM THE SAME BUCKET SHOULD BE TESTED.
Cut to shot of students looking up values on the conversion chart.
8. THE CONVERSION CHART GIVES YOU A SALINITY VALUE BASED ON YOUR TEMPERATURE AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY READINGS.
Student 1:" ...14 degrees, that'd be 30.8 for the salinity."
Music sting and graphic bumper: A Closer Look
Cut to shots of kids rinsing cylinders in the sample water, superimpose numbers 1, 2, to emphasize rinsing at least twice. Then cut to shot of them filling the cylinder with water, freeze shot and arrow points out 2 or 3 cm from top.
9. WHEN YOU ARRIVE AT YOUR SITE, THE FIRST STEP IS TO RINSE THE GRADUATED CYLINDER AT LEAST TWICE WITH SAMPLE WATER. THEN FILL IT TO WITHIN TWO OR THREE CENTIMETERS OF THE TOP.
Cut to shots of students measuring temperature. Freeze shot and super clock to show 3 - 5 minute time lapse.
10. WHEN YOU'RE TAKING THE TEMPERATURE OF YOUR SAMPLE, FOLLOW THE STEPS OUTLINED IN THE WATER TEMPERATURE PROTOCOL. MAKE SURE TO SHAKE THE THERMOMETER TO GET RID OF AIR BUBBLES IN THE ALCOHOL. KEEP THE THERMOMETER IN THE WATER FOR THREE MINUTES BEFORE READING IT.
Student 1: "Um...Looks like 14 degrees to me."
11. LEAVE THE THERMOMETER IN THE WATER FOR ONE MINUTE MORE TO BE SURE THAT THETEMPERATURE READING HAS STABILIZED.
Student 2: "14 degrees Celcius"
Sound-up of kids talking about the thermometer--maybe one asking if it had been calibrated. Dissolve to shot of thermometer being calibrated.
12. YOU ALSO WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE USING A THERMOMETER THAT'S BEEN CALIBRATED IN THE LAST THREE MONTHS USING THE TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED IN THE ATMOSPHERE PROTOCOLS SECTION OF THE TEACHER'S GUIDE.
Cut to shots of kids entering data on the worksheet. Freeze shot.
13. AFTER YOU'RE SURE YOU HAVE AN ACCURATE READING, RECORD THE TEMPERATURE, ALONG WITH THE DATE AND TIME, ON YOUR HYDROLOGY INVESTIGATION DATA WORK SHEET.
Cut to shots of kids taking the hydrometer out of its package, or a case and putting it into the cylinder with the sample water. Freeze on close-up that shows hydrometer sitting clear of the cylinder walls.
14. WHEN YOU PUT YOUR HYDROMETER IN THE SAMPLE WATER, GIVE IT A FEW MOMENTS TO SETTLE. AND MAKE SURE THE HYDROMETER DOES NOT TOUCH THE WALLS OF YOUR GRADUATED CYLINDER. THE HYDROMETER READING TELLS YOU SPECIFIC GRAVITY.
Cut to graphic arrow pointing to the spot where the reading should be taken --the bottom of the meniscus, then cut to a closeup showing just the scale and a reading, then cut to a live shot of a student writing down the figure. Graphic should show the "swell" forming at the base of the stem of the hydrometer. Also, change 4th decimal to 0 or 5.
15. WHEN USING THE HYDROMETER, MAKE SURE TO TAKE YOUR READING AT THE LOW POINT OF THE MENISCUS (meh NIS kus), THE CURVED SURFACE OF THE LIQUID. READING TO THREE DECIMAL POINTS IS OKAY BUT STUDENTS SHOULD TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE READING TO FOUR DECIMAL POINTS. RECORD THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY ON YOUR DATA WORKSHEET.
Music sting. Dictionary graphic with text (definition- meniscus, The curved surface of a column of liquid) which can be removed for the foreign language master.
DEFINITION: Meniscus. The curved surface of a column of liquid
Cut to shot of student looking at the table, maybe running his or her finger along it, then dissolve to graphic showing arrows coming over from the gravity reading and down from the temperature reading to converge on a salinity measure.
16. USE THE CONVERSION TABLE IN THE TEACHER'S GUIDE TO DETERMINE THE SALINITY OF YOUR SAMPLE. FIND THE TEMPERATURE OF YOUR SAMPLE AT THE TOP OF THE TABLE AND THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY ON THE LEFT SIDE. THEN LOOK AT THE CORRESPONDING SALINITY IN PARTS PER THOUSAND AND RECORD IT ON YOUR WORK SHEET.
Cut to students getting new water samples, then dissolve to sound-up as students discuss their values.
17. FOR ACCURACY, REPEAT THE PROTOCOL WITH AT LEAST TWO MORE WATER SAMPLES AND THEN TAKE THE AVERAGE OF THE SALINITY VALUES FOR ALL THE DIFFERENT SAMPLES. IF THE SAMPLES ARE EACH WITHIN TWO PARTS PER THOUSAND OF THE AVERAGE, THE MEASUREMENT IS ACCEPTABLE.
Cut to students taking more samples, then freeze shot of data worksheet with outlier,then go live again at the end of the v/o with shots of the students
18. IF THEY ARE NOT, STUDENTS SHOULD GET NEW SAMPLES AND TAKE NEW MEASUREMENTS. THEN THEY SHOULD RECORD AND AVERAGE THOSE SAMPLES. IF THERE IS ONE SAMPLE THAT DOESN'T COME NEAR THE OTHERS, DISCARD IT AND AVERAGE THE REST. IF THEY ARE NOW WITHIN TWO PARTS PER THOUSAND OF THE NEW AVERAGE, YOU MAY SUBMIT YOUR DATA TO GLOBE.
Cut or dissolve to shot of students at the computer
18. YOU SUBMIT THE TEMPERATURE, SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND SALINITY READINGS FROM THE TEAM OF STUDENTS WHOSE SALINITY VALUE WAS CLOSEST TO THE AVERAGE. IF ONLY TWO MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE, REPORT THE DATA FROM EITHER GROUP.
Cut back to wide shots of students at the site, then to shot showing students looking at high and low tide times, perhaps out of a newspaper or on a computer screen
19. REMEMBER, IT IS BEST TO TAKE YOUR MEASUREMENTS ON THE SAME DAY EACH WEEK, AT THE SAME TIME OF DAY. YOU'LL NEED TO CHECK LISTINGS FOR HIGH AND LOW TIDE FOR THE LOCATION NEAREST YOUR SITE EACH TIME YOU DO THE PROTOCOL AND REPORT THE TIMES OF THE TIDES IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING THE TIME YOU TAKE YOUR MEASUREMENTS.
Student 1: "...3:57p.m. and the high tide is at 10:26a.m."
Cut to shots of students measuring out salt, pouring it into graduated cylinder, then adding water to salt, swirling the cylinder and pouring the mixture into a bottle and labeling it "standard solution."
20. TWICE A YEAR, YOU'LL NEED TO PERFORM THE SALINITY PROTOCOL ON A STANDARD SOLUTION AND A BLANK SOLUTION TO VERIFY YOUR TECHNIQUE AND TO CHECK THAT YOUR HYDROMETER IS READING ACCURATELY. TO MAKE THE STANDARD, ADD 17.5 GRAMS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE--TABLE SALT-- FOR EVERY 500 MILLILITERS OF DISTILLED WATER. PUT THE SALT IN A GRADUATED CYLINDER LARGE ENOUGH TO ACCOMODATE YOUR HYDROMETER. ADD DISTILLED WATER UNTIL THE LEVEL REACHES 500 MILLILITERS. WHEN ALL THE SALT HAS DISSOLVED, POUR THE MIXTURE INTO A BOTTLE AND LABEL AND DATE THE STANDARD SOLUTION.
Cut to shots of a bottle of distilled water and students measuring out distilled water, then to shot of both bottles together and possibly shots of students doing the protocol on the sample and/or the blank.
21. USE DISTILLED WATER AS YOUR BLANK.
ONCE YOU'VE DONE THAT, YOU'LL PERFORM THE SALINITY PROTOCOL TO TEST THE STANDARD YOU MADE AND THE BLANK -- FOLLOWING THE SAME STEPS THAT YOU USED WHEN TESTING SAMPLE WATER FROM THE FIELD.
DON'T FORGET THAT AFTER YOU'VE READ THE HYDROMETER, YOU'LL NEED TO LOOK UP THE SALINITY VALUE ON YOUR CONVERSION CHART.
Over more shots of students at work in lab
Student 1: "I get a reading of 1.003 wanna check that Barbara?"
Student 2: "Yup, 1.003"
22. IF THE SALINITY OF THE BLANK IS NOT ZERO, YOU'LL NEED TO RINSE YOUR GLASSWARE AND CYLINDER WITH DISTILLED WATER AT LEAST TWO TIMES AND PERFORM THE TEST AGAIN. IF IT STILL ISN'T ZERO, CHECK YOUR METHODOLOGY AND GET A NEW SOURCE OF DISTILLED WATER.
Cut back to shots of students with the standard solution, talking about the measurement and possibly repeating it.
23. FOR YOUR SALINITY STANDARD -- THE SALINITY VALUE YOU GET LOOKING THE HYDROMETER UP ON THE CONSERVATION CHART -- SHOULD MEASURE 35 PARTS PER THOUSAND. IF IT IS OFF BY MORE THAN 2 PARTS PER THOUSAND, PREPARE A NEW STANDARD AND REPEAT THE MEASUREMENT.
Cut to shot of students putting away their materials.
24. AND IF THE MEASUREMENTS ARE OFF FOR BOTH THE SALINITY STANDARD AND THE CONTROL, YOU MIGHT NEED A NEW HYDROMETER.
Cut to shot of students entering data on worksheet
25. WHEN YOU'RE DONE, RECORD THE VALUES MEASURED FOR YOUR STANDARD AND YOUR CONTROL ON YOUR CALIBRATION DATA WORK SHEET.
Student 1: "It's 35.4"
Music sting and graphic bumper: Oops!
Shot of the hydrometer in the cylinder off at an angle with the scale touching the sides of the cylinder, then super the universal "no" sign
26. REMEMBER THE HYDROMETER SITS UPRIGHT IN THE CYLINDER. IT
SHOULD NOT BE TOUCHING THE SIDES.
White flash to effect to shot of hydrometer with large universal "no" signs on the sides of it and lines pointing to where it touches the sides of the hydrometer stem at the top of the little mound, where the reading shouldn't be taken.
27. THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY READING IS ALWAYS TAKEN FROM THE LOW POINT -- NOT THE HIGH POINT -- OF THE MENISCUS.
White flash to effect to shot of a babbling brook and a student dipping into it with a bucket, then the universal no sign.
28. THE SALINITY PROTOCOL WORKS ONLY ON SALT OR BRACKISH WATER. IT WAS NOT DESIGNED FOR FRESH WATER. USE THE RIGHT PROTOCOL FOR EVERY MEASUREMENT.
Music sting and graphic bumper: Let's Learn
Cut to soundups of teacher and students.
Teacher: "We need to get together today to talk about the hydrology investigations in the GLOBE observations we've been making, you know we've noticed some significant differences in the salinity readings that you've been observing. What questions does this pose?"
Student 1: "I think the tides have something to do with it."
Student 2: "I wonder if the plants absorb the salt from the water?"
Student 3: "Well, we could measure the salt level in certian kinds of plants to see if it changes."
Dissolve to Roger Bales on camera again and do soft cut, 25 frames, on the
jump cut or cover with beach or wave footage
SOT: "What we as scientists really hope to learn from the GLOBE salinity measurements are how salinity changes over tidal cycles; over seasonal cycles, in the coastal waters, especially in the estuaries and the places where rivers come out into the ocean."
Dissolve slowly to a shot of the same activity that opens the piece. Fade
to a shot of the GLOBE Teacher's Guide. Superimpose over video: Visit GLOBE at www.globe.gov
29. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND MORE DETAILED PROTOCOL INSTRUCTIONS, PLEASE REFER TO THE GLOBE PROGRAM TEACHER'S GUIDE.
SLATE: Produced for The GLOBE Program by DWJ Television.