Highlights of Recent Reports on Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Released in 2007
 All
reports by year of release
All
reports released in 2007 (listed
from most recent to earliest release):
- The
DASIS Report: Male Admissions with Co-occurring Psychiatric
and Substance Use Disorders, 2005
Male admissions to substance abuse treatment reported to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) with co-occurring psychiatric and
substance use disorders were more likely than those without these co-occurring
disorders to have started using alcohol and/or illicit drugs before
age 13 (18% vs. 13%). The largest differences between first use before
age 13 for the co-occurring vs. non co-occurring groups of male substance
abuse treatment admissions were for alcohol (24% vs. 16%) and marijuana
(32% vs. 23%). Among male substance abuse treatment admissions
reporting alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, or stimulants as the primary
substance of abuse, those with co-occurring psychiatric and substance
use disorders were more likely than those without co-occurring disorders
to report daily use of these substances. Male substance abuse
treatment admissions with co-occurring disorders were more likely than
those without co-occurring disorders to report five or more prior substance
abuse treatment episodes (17% vs. 10%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Depression and the Initiation of Alcohol and Other
Drug Use among Young Adults
Combined data from SAMHSA's 2005 and 2006 National Surveys on
Drug Use and Health found an annual average of 9.4% of young adults
(about 3 million) had experienced at least one major depressive episode
during the past year. Rates of major depressive episode varied by gender,
racial group, and Hispanic status. About 1.5 million young adults
(25.1% of the young adults who had not used alcohol previously) used
alcohol for the first time in the past year. About 870,000 young
adults (6.1% of the young adults who had not used an illicit drug previously)
used at least one illicit drug in the past year. Among young adults
who had not used alcohol previously, 33.7% of those with a major
depressive episode started using alcohol compared with 24.8% of the
young adults who had not experienced a major depressive episode in the
past year. Among young adults who had not used any illicit
drug previously, those who experienced a major depressive episode
in the past year were twice as likely to have initiated use of an illicit
drug than young adults who had not experienced a major depressive episode
in the past year (12.0% vs. 5.8%).
- The
DASIS Report: Older Adults in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005
Substance abuse treatment admissions aged 50 or older accounted
for about 184,400 (10%) of the 1.8 million substance abuse treatment
admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in
2005. Alcohol was the most frequently reported primary
substance of abuse for all substance abuse treatment admissions aged
50 or older. However, the highest proportions of substance abuse treatment
admissions reporting alcohol as their primary substance were among those
aged 65 to 69 (76%) and aged 70 or older (76%). Substance abuse
treatment admissions aged 50 to 64 had more extensive substance abuse
treatment histories than admissions aged 65 or older.
- The
NSDUH Report: Serious Psychological Distress and Substance Use
Disorder among Veterans Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2004 - 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
indicate than an annual average of 7% of veterans aged 18 or older experienced
past year serious psychological distress, 7.1% met the criteria for
a past year substance use disorder, and 1.5% had co-occurring serious
psychological distress and substance use disorder. Veterans aged
18 to 25 were more likely than older veterans to have higher rates of
serious psychological distress, substance use disorder, or co-occurring
psychological distress and substance use disorder in the past year.
Veterans with family incomes of less than $20,000 per year were more
likely than veterans with higher family incomes to have had serious
psychological distress, substance use disorder, or co-occurring psychological
distress and substance use disorder in the past year.
-
The DASIS Report: Marital
Status and Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions, 2005
Based on SAMHSA's 2005 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), 52% of the
substance abuse treatment admissions aged 25 to 44 had never married,
28% were formerly married, and 20% were currently married. Based
on the 2000 Census for persons aged 25 to 44 in the nation as a whole,
25% had never married, 14% were formerly married, and 61% were currently
married. Substance abuse treatment admissions who had never married
(44%) were more likely than those were formerly (39%) or currently married
(36%) to report daily use of their primary substance. Substance
abuse treatment admissions who had never married were more likely to
have extensive treatment histories and less likely to be entering substance
abuse treatment for the first time than other substance abuse treatment
admissions aged 25 to 44 in 2005.
- The
OAS Report: A Day in the Life of American Adolescents: Substance
Use Facts
Facts about substance use among youth aged 12 to 17 are based on data
from SAMHSA's 2006 National Survey on Drug Use & Health (NSDUH)
and SAMHSA's 2005 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), and for clients
under the age of 18 from SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey of Substance
Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS). Data are presented on first substance
use, past year substance use, receipt of substance use treatment, and
source of substance use treatment referrals "on an average day."
On an average day in 2006, youth used the following substances for the
first time: 7,970 drank alcohol for the first time, 4,348 used an illicit
drug for the first time, 4,082 smoked cigarettes for the first time,
3,577 used marijuana for the first time, and 2,517 used pain relievers
nonmedically for the first time.
Youth who used alcohol in the past month drank an average of 4.7 drinks
per day on the days they drank and those who smoked cigarettes in the
past month smoked an average of 4.6 cigarettes per day on the days they
smoked. On a average day in 2005, the number of youth admissions
to substance abuse treatment were referred by the following sources:
189 by the criminal justice system; 66 by self-referral or referral
from other individuals; 43 by schools; 37 by community organizations;
22 by alcohol or drug treatment providers; and 18 by other health providers.
On an average day in 2005, active substance abuse treatment clients
under the age of 18 received the following the types of substance abuse
treatment: 76,240 were clients in outpatient treatment; 10,313 were
clients in non-hospital residential treatment; and 1,058 were clients
in hospital inpatient treatment.
- The
NSDUH Report: Depression Among Adults Employed Full-time by
Occupational Category Combined data from SAMHSA's
2004 to 2006 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health were used to determine
rates of past year depressive episodes among employed adults by age,
gender, and occupational category. SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug
Use and Health found an annual average of 7% of full time workers aged
18 to 64 had experienced a major depressive episode in the past year.
Differences in depression rates were found by age, gender,
and occupational category. Among the 21 major occupational
categories, the highest rates of past year major depressive episode
among full time employed workers aged 18 to 64 were found in the personal
care and service occupations (10.8%) and the food preparation and service
related occupations (10.3%). The occupational categories
with the lowest rates of major depressive episode were engineering,
architecture and surveying (4.3%); life, physical, and social science
(4.4%), and installation, maintenance, and repair (4.4%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use
Treatment among Women of Childrearing Age
Combined data from SAMHSA's National Surveys on Drug Use
& Health conducted from 2004 to 2006 indicate that an annual average
of 6.3 million women (9.4%) aged 18 to 49 needed treatment for a substance
use problem. Of the women aged 18 to 49 who met criteria
for needing substance use treatment in the past year, 84.2% neither
received it nor perceived the need for substance use treatment. Only
5.5% of women in this age group had a perceived unmet treatment need
(i.e., did not receive substance use treatment even though they thought
they needed it). The reasons for not receiving substance
use treatment among the women with an unmet treatment need were as follows:
36.1% were not ready to stop using alcohol or illicit drugs, 34.4% could
not cover their treatment costs because of no or inadequate health insurance
coverage, and 28.9% did not seek substance use treatment because of
social stigma.
- The
NSDUH Report: Cigarette
Use Among Blacks, 2005 and 2006 Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use & Health, 24.4% of Blacks
aged 12 or older were current smokers, that is, smoked cigarettes in
the past month.
Among Blacks who were current smokers, 80.4% smoked menthol
cigarettes. Black females were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes
than males (84.3% vs. 77.1%). An annual average of 263,000 Blacks smoked
cigarettes for the first time in the 12 months before the survey in
2005 or 2006. Among those who had not smoked cigarettes previously,
Black youths aged 16-17 (7.7%) were most likely to begin smoking and
Black adults aged 35 or older (0.1%) were least likely to start smoking
cigarettes.
- The
DASIS Report: Cocaine Route of Administration Trends, 1995-2005
Trends in admissions to substance abuse treatment for cocaine and cocaine
route of administration were examined with annual data from SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS).
In 1995, 63% of primary smoked cocaine (crack) were younger
than age 35. By 2005, only 32% of primary crack admissions were in this
age group. The proportion of both inhaled and smoked cocaine
(crack) admissions who were employed full time decreased between 1995
and 2005.
- The
NSDUH Report: Worker Substance Use by Industry Category
Based on combined data from SAMHSA's annual National Surveys on Drug
Use and Health in 2004 and 2005, rates of alcohol and illicit drug use
were assessed by industry category among adult workers aged 18 to 64
currently employed full time. An annual average of 8.2%
full time workers aged 18 to 64 used illicit drugs in the past month
and 8.8% used alcohol heavily in the past month. The highest rates of
past month illicit drug use were found in the accommodations and food
services industry (16.9%) and the construction industry (13.7%). The
highest rates of past month heavy alcohol use were found in the construction
industry (15.9%), arts, entertainment, and recreation industry (13.6%),
and the mining industry (13.7%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Gender Differences in Alcohol Use and Alcohol
Dependence or Abuse - 2004 and 2005
Based on combined data from SAMHSA's 2004-2005 National Surveys on Drug
Use & Health, the rate of past year alcohol dependence or abuse
among persons aged 12 or older varied by level of alcohol use: 44.7%
of past month heavy drinkers, 18.5% binge drinkers, 3.8% past month
non-binge drinkers, and 1.3% of those who did not drink alcohol in the
past month met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past
year. Males had higher rates than females for all
measures of drinking in the past month: any alcohol use (57.5% vs. 45%),
binge drinking (30.8% vs. 15.1%), and heavy alcohol use (10.5% vs. 3.3%).
Also, males were twice as likely as females to have
met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year (10.5%
vs. 5.1%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Demographic and Geographic Variations in Injection
Drug Use
Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 to 2005 National Surveys on Drug Use & Health (NSDUH),
an annual average of 424,000 persons (0.2%) aged 12 or older injected
heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, or other stimulants during the past
year. Persons living in the West were the most likely to inject
methamphetamines and those in the Northeast the least likely to inject
methamphetamines (0.12% vs. 0.02%). Persons living in the Northeast
were the most likely to inject heroin and those in the Midwest the least
likely to inject heroin (0.13% vs. 0.05%). Persons living in the
South were the most likely to inject cocaine than those in any other
region (0.10% vs. 0.06%).
- Worker
Substance Use and Workplace Policies and Programs
(OAS Analytic Series # A-29) Combined data from SAMHSA's 2002,
2003, and 2004
National Surveys on Drug Use and Health for full time workers aged 18
to 64 found an average past month prevalence of illicit drug use of
8.2% and of heavy alcohol use of 8.8%. The major industry groups
with the highest rates of illicit drug use in the past month were accommodations
and food services (16.9%) and construction (13.7%). Those with
the lowest rates of illicit drug use in the past month were public administration
(4.1%), educational services (4.0%), and utilities (3.8%). The
major industry groups with the highest rates of heavy alcohol use in
the past month were construction (13.6%); arts, entertainment, and recreation
(13.6%); and mining (13.3%). Those with the lowest rates of heavy
alcohol use in the past month were health care and social assistance
(4.3%) and educational services (4.0%).
- The
DASIS Report: Treatment Admissions with Medicaid as the Primary
Expected or Actual Payment Source, 2005
In SAMHSA's
2005 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) there were almost 614.300 substance
abuse treatment facilities with known primary source of payment in the
States with sufficient data for analysis. Nearly 81,100 of these substance
abuse treatment admissions (13%) reported Medicaid as their primary
expected or actual source of payment. Other payment sources included:
other government sources (35%), self pay (23%), Blue Cross/Blue Shield
(2%), other health insurance companies (4%), Medicare (1%), worker's
compensation (<1%), or other unspecified sources (10%). About 12%
were no charge substance abuse treatment admissions (free, charity,
special research/teaching).
Compared
to substance abuse treatment admissions paid for by non Medicaid sources,
higher proportions of Medicaid-paid admissions in 2005 were young, female,
Black, or "not in the labor force." Medicaid-paid substance
abuse treatment admissions were more likely to report marijuana as their
primary substance of abuse (26% vs. 17%) and less likely to report alcohol
as their primary substance of abuse (28% vs. 42%).
-
The NSDUH Report: Patterns of Hallucinogen Use and Initiation:
2004 and 2005 Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2004 and 2005 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health
indicate that an annual average of 943,000 persons aged 12 or older
were recent initiates of hallucinogens (i.e., they had used hallucinogens
for the first time in the 12 months before the survey). Of these
recent hallucinogen initiates, 52.3% had used psilocybin mushrooms and
42.9% used Ecstasy in the past year.
- The
DASIS Report: Admissions with Five or More Prior Treatment
Episodes: 2005
Most of the substance abuse treatment admissions in 2005 reported
to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) were either first-time
admissions (46%) or had between one and four previous treatment episodes
(44%). The remaining 10% had five or more previous treatment episodes.
Substance abuse treatment admissions reporting 5 or more prior
treatment episodes were more likely than first time admissions to report
opiates as their primary substance of abuse (37% vs. 11%). First
time substance abuse treatment admissions were more likely to report
marijuana (22% vs. 5%) or stimulants (12% vs. 4%) than admissions with
5 or more prior substance abuse treatment episodes. Admissions
with 5 or more prior treatment episodes were more likely than first
time admissions to have been homeless (24% vs. 8%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Illicit Drug Use by Race/Ethnicity in Metropolitan
and Non-Metropolitan Counties: 2004 and 2005
SAMHSA's National Survey of Drug Use and Health provides data
on past month use of the following: any illicit drug, marijuana, and
nonmedical use of prescription type drugs by race/ethnicity. This report
also presents these by metropolitan status. Among whites and
Hispanics: past month use of any illicit drug, marijuana, or nonmedical
prescription drugs was lowest in non metropolitan areas than in any
other area. Among blacks: past month use of any illicit drug or
marijuana was lowest in non metropolitan areas than in any other area
but nonmedical prescription drug use was highest in non metropolitan
areas. Among American Indians/Alaska Natives: past month use of
any illicit drug or nonmedical prescription drug use was lowest in large
metropolitan areas than in any other area but marijuana use was lowest
in non metropolitan areas.
- Comparing
Drug Testing and Self Report of Drug Use Among Youths and Young Adults
in the General Population This validity study was conducted
in the continuing effort to improve SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug
Use & Health. This 214 page validity report provides data comparing
respondents' self reported drug use with drug tests for tobacco, marijuana,
cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines. Drug testing included both urine
and hair specimens. Other methodological issues examined included the
technical aspects of collecting urine and hair samples, the willingness
of respondents to provide specimens, and questionnaire strategies.
- The
DASIS Report: Facilities Offering Special Treatment Programs
or Groups
SAMHSA's National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services
(N-SSATS) provides information as to whether substance abuse treatment
facilities offered special services. These special treatment services
include specially designed treatment programs for adolescents, clients
with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders, criminal justice
clients, persons with HIV or AIDS, gays or lesbians, pregnant or postpartum
women, adult women, adult men, seniors or older adults, and persons
arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (DUI) or
driving while intoxicated (DWI). A total of 13,371 substance
abuse treatment facilities responded to the 2005 National Survey of
Substance Abuse Treatment Services and 83% of them offered at least
one special program or group addressing particular needs of specific
client types. The most commonly offered special program or group
was for persons with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders
(38%).
- The
NSDUH Report: State Estimates of Depression, 2004 & 2005
Combined data from SAMHSA's 2004 and 2005 National Surveys on
Drug Use and Health were used to get State level estimates of major
depressive episodes in the past year. Combined 2004 and 2005
data indicate that 8.88% of youths aged 12 to 17 and 7.65% of adults
aged 18 or older experienced at least one major depressive episode (MDE)
in the past year. Among youth, rates of depression in the past
year were among the highest in Idaho (10.37%) and Nevada (10.28%) and
among the lowest in Louisiana (7.19%) and South Dakota (7.40%).
Among adults, rates of depression in the past year were among the highest
in Utah (10.14%) and Rhode Island (9.88%) and among the lowest in Hawaii
(6.74%) and New Jersey (6.81%).
- The
DASIS Report: Adults Aged 65 or Older in Substance Abuse Treatment,
2005 Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), the total substance abuse
treatment population increased by 10% between 1995 and 2005.
At the same time, the number of substance abuse treatment admissions
among persons aged 65 or older decreased by 7% from 12,100 to 11,300
admissions. In each year from 1995 to 2005, alcohol was the most
frequently reported primary substance of abuse for substance abuse treatment
admissions aged 65 or older. However, the proportion of substance
abuse treatment admissions aged 65 or older reporting alcohol as their
primary substance declined from 84.7% in 1995 to 75.9% in 2005. Between
1995 and 2005, primary opiate admissions increased from 6.6% to 10.6%
among adults aged 65 or older. The States with the highest rates
of substance abuse treatment admissions aged 65 or older were Colorado
(166 admissions per 100,000 population), New York (125 admissions per
per 100,000 population), and South Dakota (111 admissions per 100,000
population). States with the lowest rates were Kentucky (35 admissions
per 100,000 population), Iowa (36 admissions per 100,000 population),
and Washington (37 admissions per 100,000 population).
- The
DASIS Report: Adolescent
Treatment Admissions by Gender, 2005
Based on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode
Data Set (TEDS), of the 142,600 adolescent admissions aged 12 to 17
in 2005, about 31% (44,600) were female.
Adolescent female substance abuse treatment admissions were less likely
than adolescent male admissions to report marijuana as their primary
substance of abuse (51% vs. 72%) and more likely to report alcohol (23%
vs. 16%) or stimulants (12% vs. 4%) as their primary substance of abuse.
Adolescent female admissions to substance abuse treatment were
more likely than adolescent male substance abuse treatment admissions
to have a co-occurring psychiatric and substance abuse disorder (23%
vs. 18%).
-
The NSDUH Report:
Work Absences and Past Month Cigarette Use: 2004 and 2005
Based on combined data
from SAMHSA's annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2004
and 2005, worker absenteeism by cigarette smoking status was assessed
among adult workers aged 18 to 64 currently employed full time.
Current cigarette smoking (i.e., smoked cigarettes in the month prior
to the survey) was reported by 42.8% of full-time employed adults aged
18-25, 33.1% of those aged 16-34, 28.8% of those aged 35-44, and 22.3%
of those aged 45-64. Among adults aged 18 to 64 who were currently
employed full time, 20.1% missed at least one day of work in the past
month due to illness or injury. Among currently full time employed
adults, current cigarette smokers were more likely to have missed work
on 5 or more days in the past month due to illness or injury than those
who did not smoke cigarettes in the prior month.
- The
DASIS Report: Length of Stay for Outpatient Discharges
Completing Treatment: 2004
SAMHSA's annual Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) provides data
on the median length of stay for substance abuse treatment patients
who completed outpatient treatment in the nation's specialty substance
abuse treatment facilities. "Outpatient" care included
not only regular outpatient visits but also intensive outpatient treatment
(defined as a minimum of 2 hours per day on 3 or more days per week),
detoxification, and day treatment with partial hospitalization. Outpatient
treatment episodes where methadone use was planned were not included
in this analysis of median length of stay (LOS). Increased length of
stay has been associated with improved treatment outcomes. Length
of stay among those who completed outpatient substance abuse treatment
in 2004 varied by primary substance of abuse, race/ethnicity, completed
education, and source of referral.
-
The NSDUH Report: Depression and the Initiation of Alcohol and
Other Drug Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17
Data from SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and
Health were used to examine the following in the past year: major depressive
episode, initiation of alcohol or illicit drug use, and the association
between such new alcohol and/or illicit drug use and major depressive
episode. In 2005, 8.8% of youth (about 2.2 million youth) had experienced
at least one major depressive episode during the past year.
Rates of major depressive episode varied by gender and age. About 2.7
million youth (15.4% of the youth who had not used alcohol previously)
used alcohol for the first time in the past year. About
1.5 million youth (7.6% of the youth who had not used an illicit drug
previously) used at least one illicit drug in the past year. Among youth
who had not used alcohol or an illicit drug previously, those with a
major depressive episode were about twice as likely to start using alcohol
or an illicit drug as youth who had not experienced a major depressive
episode in the past year. Among youth who had not used alcohol
previously, 29.2% of those with a major depressive episode initiated
alcohol use compared with 14.5% youth who had not experienced a major
depressive episode in the past year. Among youth who had not used an
illicit drug previously, 16.1% of those with a major depressive episode
initiated illicit drug use compared with 6.9% youth who had not experienced
a major depressive episode in the past year.
-
The DASIS Report: Heroin - - Changes in How It Is Used, 1995-2005
Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), annual admissions to
substance abuse treatment for primary heroin abuse increased from 228,000
in 1995 to 254,000 in 2005. However, the proportion of primary heroin
admissions remained steady at about 14% to 15% of all substance abuse
treatment admissions. The proportion of primary heroin admissions who
injected heroin declined from 69% in 1995 to 63% in 2005. The proportion
who inhaled heroin increased from 27% among the primary heroin admissions
in 1995 to 33% in 2005. The proportion of primary heroin injection admissions
for which medication-assisted opioid therapy was planned declined from
55% in 1995 to 31% of the primary heroin injection admissions in 2005.
However, for primary heroin inhalation admissions, the proportion of
planned medication-assisted opioid therapy remained stable at about
30% of primary heroin inhalation admissions during the decade.
-
The NSDUH Report: Youth Activities, Substance Use, and Family
Income
Based on SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey on Drug
Use and Health, 92.4% of youths aged 12 to 17 participated in one or
more school-based, community-based, church or faith-based, or other
such activities during the past year: 27.1% participated in one to three
activities, 31.4% participated in four to six activities, and 33.9%
participated in seven or more activities in the past year. Youth
in families of lower income were more likely not to participate in any
school-based, community-based, church or faith-based or related activities;
however, regardless of family income those youth who did participate
had lower rates of cigarette, alcohol, or illicit drug use than those
who did not participate in such activities. The greater
the number of activities, the lower the rates of past year use of cigarettes,
alcohol, or illicit drugs among youth. For example, the rates of illicit
drug use were 18.3% for youth who participated in no such activities,
11.9% for those with 1-3 activities, 9.4% for 4-6 activities, and 6.8%
for 7 or more youth activities in the past year.
-
The DASIS Report: Hispanic Female Admissions in Substance Abuse
Treatment, 2005 Female
Hispanic admissions comprise about 10% (61,000 admissions) of the female
substance abuse treatment admissions reported to SAMHSA's 2005 Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS). Among female Hispanic admissions in TEDS, 41%
were of Mexican origin, 24% were Puerto Rican, 4% were Cuban, and 31%
were of other Hispanic origin. Hispanic female admissions were less
likely than nonHispanic female substance abuse treatment admissions
to report alcohol as their primary drug of abuse (23% vs. 32%). Hispanic
female admissions were more likely than nonHispanic female admissions
to substance abuse treatment to report stimulants as their primary drug
of abuse (21% vs. 12%). The primary drug of abuse differed among the
Hispanic origin groups of female admissions: Puerto Ricans (43%) and
Cubans (29%) were more likely to report opiates, Mexicans (35%) were
more likely to report stimulants, and other Hispanic origins (23%) were
more likely to report alcohol as their primary drug of abuse. The average
age at admission also varied among the Hispanic groups of female admissions
in SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS).
- The
NSDUH Report: Patterns and Trends in Nonmedical Prescription
Pain Reliever Use: 2002 to 2005
SAMHSA's 2002-2005 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health indicate
that the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers (analgesics)
among persons aged 12 or older did not differ significantly among the
years between 2002 and 2005. The number of persons
who used prescription pain relievers nonmedically for the first time
in the past year of the survey also did not differ significantly - -
with 2.3 million persons initiating use in 2002, 2.4 million in 2003,
2.4 million in 2004 and 2.2 million in 2005. Combined
data from 2002 to 2005 were used to examine the patterns of nonmedical
prescription pain reliever use in general and the nonmedical use specifically
of oxycodone and hydrocodone products. Oxycodone products include Percocet®,
Percodan®, Tylox®, OxyContin®, and other pain relievers
containing oxycodone that respondents specified that they used nonmedically.
Hydrocodone products include Vicodin®, Lortab®, Lorcet®/LorcetPlus®,
generic hydrocodone, and other pain relievers containing hydrocodone
that respondents specified., An annual average of 4.8%
of persons aged 12 or older (11.4 million persons) used a prescription
pain reliever nonmedically in the 12 months prior to the survey. Of
the persons aged 12 or older who first used pain relievers nonmedically
in the past year, 57.7% used hydrocodone products and 21.7% used oxycodone
products.
- The
NSDUH Report: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Substance Use
In
2005, about 2 million persons aged 12 or older (0.8%) reported that
they had a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year. Young
adults aged 18 to 25 (2.1%) were more likely than any other age group
to have had a sexually transmitted disease in the past year. Among
the young adults, females were 4 times more likely to have had a STD
in the past year than males (3.4% vs. 0.8%). Having
a sexually transmitted disease among young adults was associated with
their alcohol and illicit drug use in the past month:
3.9% of the young adults who used both alcohol and illicit drugs, 3.1%
who were heavy drinkers (drank 5 or more drinks on the same occasion
on 5 or more days in the past month), 2.1% who used only alcohol but
no illicit drugs, 2.1% who used only illicit drugs but no alcohol, and
1.3% of those who did not use alcohol or illicit drugs had an STD in
the past year.
-
The NSDUH Report: Religious Involvement and Substance Use Among
Adults In
2005, about 168 million adults aged 18 or older (78.1%) reported that
religious beliefs are a very important part of their lives, 75.1% reported
that religious beliefs influence how they make decisions in their lives
and 30.8% attended religious services 25 times or more in the past year.
Adults who attended religious services 25 times
or more in the past year were less likely to have used cigarettes, alcohol,
or illicit drugs in the past month than those who attended religious
services fewer than 25 times. About 6.1% of the adults who reported
that religious beliefs are a very important part of their lives used
illicit drugs in the past month compared with 14.3% of adults who reported
that religious beliefs are not an very important part of their lives.
-
The NSDUH Report: Patterns and Trends in Inhalant Use
by Adolescent Males and Females, 2002-2005 Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2002 to 2005 National Surveys on Drug Use & Health
found an annual average of 1.1 million (4.5%) youths aged 12 to 17 used
an inhalant in the 12 months prior to being surveyed. About
2.6% of all youth who had not used inhalants before were new users (that
is, had used an inhalant for the first time in the past year). The
annual average of new users was 600,000 youth (289,000 males and 311,000
females). The types of inhalants most frequently
mentioned as having been used in the past year by new users were: glue,
shoe polish, or toluene (30.5%), gasoline or lighter fluid (25.3%),
nitrous oxide or "whippets" (23.9%), and spray paints (23.5%). Among
new inhalants users, females were more likely than males to have used:
glue, shoe polish, or toluene (34.9% vs. 25.8%); spray paints (26.1%
vs. 20.8%); aerosol sprays other than spray paints (23.0% vs. 16.4%);
correction fluid, degreaser, or cleaning fluid (23.4% vs. 13.6%); and
amyl nitrite, "poppers," locker room odorizers, or "rush"
(18.2% vs. 11.6%). New male inhalant users were
more likely than females to have used nitrous oxide or "whippets"
(29.0% vs. 19.3%). Between 2002 and 2005, use
of nitrous oxide or whippets declined among new inhalant users (from
31.6% to 21.3% in 2005). In contrast, use of
aerosol sprays other than spray paints doubled from 12.6% of new inhalant
using youth in 2002 to 25.4% of new inhalant using youth in 2005.
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The NSDUH Report: Use of Marijuana and Blunts among Adolescents,
2005
Based on SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey on Drug
Use and Health, 6.8% (1.7 million) youth aged 12 to 17 used marijuana
in the past month and 3.5% (891,000) smoked "blunts" (cigars
with marijuana in them) in the past month. In 2005, about half (52%)
of past month marijuana users aged 12 to 17 also used blunts in the
past month with males more likely than females to have smoked blunts
(55.6% vs. 47.5%). Among past month marijuana using youths, rates of
smoking blunts in the past month were highest in the Northeast (62.5%)
and the South (54.4%) than in the Midwest (48.3%) and West (43.1%).
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The NSDUH Report: Health Insurance and Substance Use Treatment
Need Health insurance
and the need for and receipt of substance abuse treatment among adults
aged 18 or older was examined based on combined 2004 and 2005 SAMHSA
National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Types of health insurance included
Medicare, Medicaid/CHIP, military health care, and private insurance.
An annual average of 85.4% adults had some type of health
insurance in the past year and 70.5% had private health insurance. Adults
needing substance abuse treatment in the past year were less likely
to have some type of health insurance coverage in the past year than
adults not needing treatment (74.4% vs. 86.6%). About half
(51.2%) of the adults needing treatment whose last treatment in the
past year was at a specialty substance abuse treatment reported that
some type of health insurance (private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid,
military health care, or other insurance) paid for the services.
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The NSDUH Report: Co-Occurring Major Depressive Episode and
Alcohol Use Disorder among Adults
Combined data from SAMHSA's 2004 and 2005 National Surveys
on Drug Use and Health were used to examine co-occurring alcohol use
and depression as well as treatment for these disorders in adults aged
18 or older. The following prevalence were found: An
estimated 7.6% of adults aged 18 or older (approximately 16.4 million
adults) had experienced at least one major depressive episode during
the past year. An estimated 8% (17.3 million adults) met
criteria for alcohol use disorder in the past year. An estimated 1.2%
(2.7 million adults) had co-occurring major depressive episode and alcohol
use disorder in the past year. Among adults with past year
co-occurring major depressive episode and alcohol use disorder, 48.6%
received treatment only for major depressive episode, 1.9% received
treatment at a specialty facility only for alcohol use disorder, and
8.8% received treatment for both problems. About 40% received
no treatment. The rate of past year alcohol use disorder was over twice
as high among adults who had experienced a major depressive episode
(16.2%) compared with adults who had not experienced a major depressive
episode in the past year (7.3%).
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The NSDUH Report: Cigarette
Use among Pregnant Women and Recent Mothers Combined
data from SAMHSA's 2002 to 2005 National Surveys of Drug Use and Health
were examined to compare rates of past month cigarette use among women
aged 15 to 44 by pregnancy status and demographic characteristics. Regardless
of pregnancy status, white women were more likely to smoke cigarettes
in the past month of the survey than Black or Hispanic women. Pregnant
women (17.3%) and recent mothers (23.8%) were less likely to be current
cigarette smokers (smoked in past month) than women who were not recent
mothers (30.6%). Pregnant women who were current cigarette
smokers were more likely to report smoking cigarettes during their first
trimester (22.9%) than second trimester (14.3%) or third trimester of
pregnancy (15.3%). Younger pregnant women were more likely
than their oldest counterparts to smoke cigarettes during their pregnancy:
24.3% of pregnant women aged 15-17 and 27.1% of pregnant women aged
18-25 compared with 10.6% of pregnant women aged 26-44 smoked cigarettes
during their pregnancy in the past month of the survey.
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The DASIS Report: Primary Alcohol
Admissions Aged 21 or Older: Alcohol Only vs. Alcohol plus a Secondary
Drug, 2005 Of the total adult (aged 21 or older)
admissions to substance abuse treatment reported to SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS), 374,000 reported alcohol as their only substance
of abuse and 289,000 reported alcohol plus a secondary drug. Alcohol-only
adult admissions were more likely than adult admissions reporting alcohol
plus a secondary drug to have been referred to substance abuse treatment
by the criminal justice system (41% vs. 33%). Adult admissions admitted
for alcohol plus a secondary drug were more likely than alcohol-only
admissions to have a co-occurring psychological problem (25% vs. 16%).
- The
NSDUH Report: Methamphetamine Use Methamphetamine
data are collected as part of SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and
Health module on nonmedical use of prescription-type stimulants. The
number of persons who used methamphetamine for the first time in the
prior 12 months did not differ significantly between 2002 (299,000 persons)
and 2004 (318,000 persons) but did decrease significantly between 2004
and 2005. In 2004, an estimated 318,000 persons aged 12 or older first
tried methamphetamine in the year prior to the survey compared with
192,000 persons in 2005. Combined data from the annual National
Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2002 to 2005 were used to examine
demographic differences in methamphetamine use. Persons in large metropolitan
areas (0.5%) were less likely to have used methamphetamine in the past
year than those in small metropolitan areas (0.7%) and in non-metropolitan
areas (0.8%). Higher rates of past year methamphetamine use were
found in the West (1.2%) than in the Midwest (0.5%), South (0.5%) and
Northeast (0.1%) for the total population aged 12 or older.
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The NSDUH Report: Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
among American Indians and Alaska Natives Data
from SAMHSA's 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 National Surveys on Drug Use
and Health were combined to calculate annual averages in order to make
reliable estimates comparing substance use and substance use disorders
by American Indians and Alaska Natives with substance use and substance
disorders by the overall group of persons from other racial backgrounds. Rates
of past year use disorders were higher among American Indians and Alaska
Natives than members of other racial groups for alcohol, illicit drug
use, marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogen use disorders. Although
in the past year American Indians and Alaska Natives were less likely
than persons of other racial backgrounds to have used alcohol (60.8%
vs. 65.8%), they were more likely to have an alcohol use disorder
(10.7% vs. 7.6%). For illicit drug use, however, in the past
year, American Indians and Alaska Natives were more likely than persons
of other racial backgrounds both to have used an illicit drug
(18.4% vs. 14.6%) and to have an illicit drug use disorder (5.0% vs.
2.9%).
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The NSDUH Report: Cigarette Brand Preferences in 2005
Respondents in SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
who reported smoking part or all of a cigarette in the past month were
asked to report which cigarette brand they smoked most often during
that time. Brand preferences did not differ significantly between 2002
and 2005. The five cigarette brands used most often by
past month cigarette smokers were Marlboro, Newport, Camel, Basic, and
Doral. At least one of the five most smoked cigarette brands was used
by 86% of the smokers aged 12 to 17 and 89.2% of the smokers aged 18
to 25. Smokers aged 26 or older reported more diversity in cigarette
brand selection than younger smokers; only 63.2% of this age group of
smokers reported smoking one of the five most smoked cigarette
brands. White smokers were most likely to smoke Marlboro
(45%) or Camel (8.9%) and Hispanic smokers to smoke Marlboro (57.2%)
or Newport (13.5%), while black smokers were most likely to smoke Newport
(49.5%) or Kool (11.4%), both menthol cigarettes.
- The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use in the 15 Largest Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, 2002-2005 According
to the U.S. Population in 2005, the 15 largest metropolitan statistical
areas (MSAs) are: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth,
Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami-Fort Lauderdale, New York, Philadelphia,
Phoenix, Riverside, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, DC
Rates of past month (i.e., current) illicit drug use, binge alcohol
use, and cigarette use for each of these MSAs were compared with the
national average. To obtain sufficient numbers to make reliable
estimates, the comparisons are based on the combined data from SAMHSA's
2002 to 2005 annual National Surveys of Drug Use and Health. The national
average annual rate of current illicit drug use was 8.1% of persons
aged 12 or older. Among the 15 largest metropolitan statistical areas,
San Francisco (12.9%) and Detroit (9.5%) had significantly higher rates
than the national average and the metropolitan statistical areas of
Houston (6.2%), Dallas (6.5%) and Washington D.C. (6.5%) had lower rates
of past month illicit drug use than the national average. The rate of
current binge drinking was 22.7% for the nation and ranged from 18.6%
in Los Angeles to 25.6% in Houston and 25.7% in Chicago metropolitan
statistical areas. The rate of current smoking cigarettes was
25.3% for the nation and ranged from 17.9% in Los Angeles and San Francisco
to 27.4% in the Detroit metropolitan statistical areas.
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