Highlights of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Reports
Released in 2004
 All
reports by year of release
All
reports released in 2004 (listed
from most recent to earliest release):
- Data
from SAMHSA's 2002 and 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were
pooled to examine the prevalence of driving under the influence (DUI)
of alcohol or other drugs while driving by young persons aged 16 to
20. DUI is also called driving while intoxicated (DWI). An annual average
of 4.2 million persons aged 16 to 20 reported driving under the influence
of alcohol or illegal drugs during the past year. About 169,000
of these persons (4%) reported that they had been arrested and booked
for DUI/ DWI involving alcohol or drugs in the past year. Among persons
aged 16 to 20, 17% reported past year DUI/ DWI involving alcohol, 14%
reported past year DUI/ DWI involving illicit drugs, and 8% reported
past year DUI/ DWI involving a combination of alcohol and illicit drugs
used together. Whites and American Indians/Alaska Natives were more
likely to report DUI/DWI than other racial/ethnic groups. See
The NSDUH Report: Driving
Under the Influence (DUI) Among Young Persons
- Based on SAMHSA's 2003 National Survey on Drug
Use and Health, the lower the family income, the more likely that the
youths had used cigarettes or an illegal drug in their lifetime. Youths
in families with annual incomes of less than $20,000 were equally likely
to have ever used alcohol or inhalants as those in families with incomes
of $75,000 or more. Youths age 12 to 17 in families with annual incomes
of less than $20,000 were more likely to have smoked cigarettes in their
lifetime than those in families with incomes of $75,000 or more (35.4%
vs. 25.2%). An estimated 15% of youths in families with annual incomes
of less than $20,000 had ever used prescription-type drugs nonmedically
compared with 11% of those in families with incomes of $75,000 or more.
See The NSDUH Report:
Youth Substance Use and Family Income
-
Between 1992 and 2002, inhalation
increased as the route of administration from 20% to 33% of the primary
heroin admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS);
while injection decreased from 77% to 62%. Admissions younger than 30
years of age decreased from 45% to 22% of primary heroin inhalation
admissions, and increased from 21% to 31% of primary heroin injection
admissions. The proportion of heroin inhalation admissions with no prior
treatment episodes decreased from 40% to 26%; while the proportion with
five or more prior treatment episodes increased from 7% to 14%. See
The
DASIS Report:
Heroin - - Changes in How It Is Used, 1992-2002
-
Of the 13,623 facilities responding to SAMHSA's
2003 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS),
87% were operated by private organizations. Among the private facilities,
26% were operated by for-profit organizations and 74% were operated
by non-profit organizations. Private non-profit facilities had an higher
average percentage of clients who were being treated for both drug and
alcohol abuse (58%) than private for-profits (48%) and were more likely
to offer residential treatment (36% vs. 15%). Private for-profit facilities
had an higher average percentage of clients who were being treated for
alcohol abuse alone (27) than private non-profits (19) and were more
likely to offer outpatient treatment (90% vs. 74%). Private non-profit
facilities were more likely than private for-profit facilities to accept
Medicaid (62% vs. 37%) or State-financed health insurance (43% vs. 32%),
or to have a sliding fee scale (70% vs. 49%). Private non-profit facilities
were more likely than private for-profit facilities to provide special
programs or therapy groups specially designed for pregnant/postpartum
women (18% vs. 13%), for women only (44% vs. 33%), for men only (34%
vs. 27%), or for adolescents (65% vs. 59%). See The
DASIS Report: Private-For-Profit and Private-Non-Profit Substance
Abuse Treatment Facilities: 2003
- In 2002, heroin
was reported as the primary substance of abuse for 15% of the 1.9 million
admissions in SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Admissions
trend data suggest that many users begin using heroin in the inhaled
form and switch to injecting heroin later in their lifetime. Among
primary heroin admissions, the routes of administration for heroin were
injection (62%), inhalation (33%), smoking (2%), oral (2%), and other
(1%). Heroin admissions did not differ in their preferred route of administration
by gender but did differ significantly by racial group. Primary heroin
inhalation admissions were more likely to be Black (45%); while
primary heroin injection admissions were more likely to be White
(58%). Primary heroin injection admissions were more likely than heroin
inhalation admissions to be from the West (32% vs. 3%). See
The DASIS Report: Characteristics
of Primary Heroin Injection and Inhalation Admissions: 2002
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 3.1 million
persons aged 12 or older used marijuana daily, that is, on 300 or more
days in the past year. Between 2002 and 2003, the number of 12 to 17
year olds reporting daily use of marijuana decreased from 358,000 to
282,000; while there were no changes in the number of daily marijuana
users among 18-25 year olds or adults age 26 or older. An estimated
39.2% of daily marijuana users were dependent on or abused marijuana
compared with 13.5% of less-than-daily marijuana users. Daily
marijuana users (63.3%) were more likely than less-than-daily marijuana
users (38.8%) or non marijuana users (4.6%) to use another illicit drug.
Daily marijuana users also were more likely to be current cigarette
smokers and heavy drinkers. See
The
NSDUH Report: Daily Marijuana Users
- Prescription and over the counter (OTC) drugs
were the primary substances of abuse for 4% of the 1.9 million treatment
admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in
2002. Of the more than 78,000 treatment admissions for primary prescription
or OTC drug abuse in 2002, 55% were for prescription narcotics compared
with 43% of the nearly 29,000 treatment admissions for primary prescription
and OTC drug abuse in 1992. Prescription stimulants as the primary substance
increased slightly from 26% to 28% during that period. In contrast,
the proportions of total admissions for primary prescription or OTC
drug abuse for most other prescription type drugs declined between 1992
and 2002. Tranquilizers declined from 16% to 10%. Sedatives declined
from 13% to 6% and OTC medications declined from 2% to 1%. An additional
100,000 admissions in 2002 listed prescription or OTC drugs as their
secondary or tertiary substances of abuse upon treatment admission.
Females comprised a larger proportion of prescription and OTC drug admissions
(46%) than they comprised among treatment admissions for all substances
(30%) in 2002. See The
DASIS Report: Characteristics of Primary Prescription and Over-the-Counter
Treatment Admissions, 2002
- Among
males aged 18 and older in 2002 and 2003, SAMHSA's National Survey on
Drug Use and Health found an estimated 8% (2 million) of veterans and
14.6% (11.1 million) nonveterans were dependent on or abusing alcohol
or illicit drugs. An estimated 4.6% (1.2 million) of veterans and 7%
(5.3 million) nonveterans had a serious mental illness. An estimated
340,000 male veterans had co-occurring serious mental illness (SMI)
and a substance use disorder in 2002 and 2003. Although not statistically
significant, within each age group of males the veterans had higher
rates of these co-occurring disorders than nonveterans: aged 18 to 25
(6.4% veterans vs. 4.5% nonveterans); aged 26 to 54 (2.5% veterans vs.
2% nonveterans); and aged 55 or older (0.6% veterans vs. 0.3% nonveterans).
See The
NSDUH Report: Male
Veterans with Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness and a Substance Use
Disorder
- Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use & Health, in 2003, about
2.4 million girls, aged 12 to 17 reported taking part in one or more
serious fights at school or work during the past year. Between 2002
and 2003, the proportion of girls increased who participated in serious
fights at school or work (from 16.2% to 20%) and who participated in
a group-against-group fight in the past year (from 13.5% to 16.8%).
Past year substance use was the most prevalent delinquent behavior among
girls aged 12 to 17, with 36.5% (4.5 million) reporting past year alcohol
use and 21.9% (2.7 million) reporting past year illicit drug use. See
The
NSDUH Report: Female Youths and Delinquent Behaviors
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2003 National Survey on Drug Use & Health, males were
more likely than females to be dependent on or abusing alcohol or an
illicit drug, except among the youth. The rates of dependence
or abuse were the same (9%) for both males and females aged 12 to 17.
The rate of substance dependence or abuse for those age 50 or older
was 4.9% for males and 1.5% for females. Among the age group most likely
to use alcohol or illicit drugs (aged 18 to 49) and who were employed
full time, the rate of substance dependence or abuse was 15% for males
and 8% for females. Among the unemployed,
the rate was 23% for males and 12.5% for females.
By marital status among those aged 18 to 49: the rate of substance dependence
or abuse for those who were married was 10% for males and 4%
for females. The rate of substance dependence
or abuse among the divorced or separated was 23% for males and
11% for females. Among those never married, the
rate of substance dependence or abuse was 24% for males and 16%
for females. Among those living with one or more children, the
rate of substance dependence or abuse was 11% for males and 5.5% for
females. See The
NSDUH Report: Gender Differences in Substance Dependence and
Abuse
- In
2003, almost 74% of adults age 21 or older reported that they had
started drinking alcohol before the current legal drinking age of
21: 4% started drinking before age 12; 14% started between ages 12-14;
33% started between ages 15-17; and 22% started drinking between ages
18-20. Among the 14 million adults aged 21 or older who were classified
as having past year alcohol dependence or abuse, more than 13 million
(95%) had started drinking alcohol before age 21. In SAMHSA's 2003
National Survey on Drug Use & Health, persons reporting first
use of alcohol before age 15 were more than 5 times as likely to report
past year alcohol dependence or abuse than persons who first used
alcohol at age 21 or older (16% vs. 3%).
See The
NSDUH Report: Alcohol Dependence or Abuse and Age at First
Use
- All
substance abuse treatment admissions increased 23% between 1992 and
2002. The number of adolescent treatment admissions, however, increased
65% (from 95,000 admissions in 1992 to 156,000 in 2002) and accounted
for 8% of all admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data
Set (TEDS) in 2002. Between 1992 and 2002, adolescent substance abuse
treatment admissions reporting marijuana as the primary substance
increased from 23% to 64%; while substance abuse treatment admissions
reporting alcohol as the primary substance decreased from 56% to 20%
of all adolescent substance abuse treatment admissions. In 2002, more
than half (54%) of adolescent substance abuse admissions were referred
to substance abuse treatment through the criminal justice system compared
with 40% in 1992. See The
DASIS Report: Adolescent Treatment Admissions: 1992
and 2002
- SAMHSA's
Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS) presents the characteristics
of clients in treatment based on a representative sample of client
treatment episodes. One of the few available national representative
sample of clients in treatment, ADSS provides national information
on the following: characteristics of alcohol or drug treatment
clients, services received, sources of referrals, reasons for discharge,
and expected primary payment source. Clients in methadone treatment
were also included. See Alcohol
and Drug Services Study (ADSS) Phase II: Client Record Abstract
Report (PDF format,
356 KB)
- Of
the admissions for whom living arrangement were recorded in SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in 2002, 13% (171,400) were homeless
at the time of admission. Females comprised 20% of the homeless admissions.
Compared with all female admissions, the service setting for women
who were homeless at time of substance abuse treatment admission was
more likely to be detoxification (42% vs. 19%) or residential/rehabilitation
(26% vs. 18%) and less likely to be ambulatory settings (32% vs. 63%).
Homeless female admissions were more likely than all female admissions
to report cocaine/crack (24% vs. 17%) or heroin (21% vs. 16%) as their
primary substance of abuse. See The
DASIS Report: Characteristics
of Homeless Female Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002
- According
to SAMHSA's DAWN data system, drug abuse related emergency department
visits involving narcotic analgesics increased 153% in the nation
(from 42,857 visits to 108,320 emergency department visits) between
1995 to 2002. The greatest increases during this period occurred for
oxycodone (512%), methadone (176%), hydrocodone (159%), and morphine
(116%). Dependence was the most frequently mentioned motive underlying
drug abuse related emergency department visits involving narcotic
analgesics (47%), followed by suicide (22%), psychic effects (15%).
The drug abuse motive was unknown for 14% of the analgesic related
emergency department visits. Disposition of emergency department patients
involving narcotic analgesics was as follows: 53% were admitted for
treatment, 44% were treated and released from the hospital, and 3%
either left against medical advice, died, or had an unknown outcome.
See The
DAWN Report: Narcotic Analgesics, 2002 Update
- Most
of the substance abuse treatment admissions in 2002 reported to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) were either first-time admissions
(44%) or had between one and four previous treatment episodes (45%).
The remaining 11% had five or more previous treatment episodes. Substance
abuse treatment admissions reporting 5 or more prior treatment episodes
were more likely than first time admissions to report opiates as their
primary substance of abuse (36% vs. 10%). Admissions
with 5 or more prior treatment episodes were more likely than first
time admissions to have been self or individually referred (52% vs.
27%) or to have been referred by an alcohol or drug abuse provider
(18% vs. 6%), and less likely to have been referred by the criminal
justice system (16% vs. 47%). See The
DASIS Report: Admissions
with Five or More Prior Treatment Episodes: 2002
- SAMHSA's 2002/2003
National Survey on Drug Use and Health provided data on three categories
of risk factors for substance use among American Indian or Alaska
Native youths: individual/peers, family, and school. American Indian
or Alaska Native youths were more likely than other youths
to perceive moderate to no risk associated with substance use, to
perceive their parents as not strongly disapproving of their substance
use, and to believe that all or most of the students in their school
get drunk at least once a week. According to American Indian or Alaska
Native youths, their parents were about as likely as those of other
youths to talk to their child about dangers of substance use, to let
the youth know they had done a good job, to tell their youth that
they were proud of something they had done, to make their youth do
chores around the house or to limit the amount of time watching TV.
However, parents of American Indian or Alaska Native youths were less
likely to provide help with school homework or to limit the time out
with friends on school nights. See
The NSDUH Report:
Risk & Protective Factors for Substance Use Among American Indian
or Alaska Native Youths
- According
to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), the primary methamphetamine/
amphetamine treatment admission rate in the United States increased
from 10 admissions per 100,000 to 52 admissions per 100,000 population
aged 12 or older between 1992 and 2002. In 2002, 19 States had rates
in excess of the national rate (52 admissions per 100,000 population):
10 States were in the West, 7 were in the Midwest and 2 were in the
South. The highest rates were in Oregon (324 admissions per 100,000),
Hawaii (217 per 100,000), California (200 per 100,000), Iowa (198
per 100,000), Wyoming (167 per 100,000), Nevada (156 per 100,000),
Washington State (150 per 100,000), and Arkansas (125 admissions per
100,000 population). See The
DASIS Report: Primary Methamphetamine / Amphetamine Treatment
Admissions: 1992-2002
- SAMHSA's
2003 National Survey on Drug Use & Health estimated that 19.5
million Americans aged 12 or older currently used an illicit drug,
70.8 million currently smoked tobacco, and 119 million currently drank
alcohol. Rates of current illicit drug use varied significantly among
racial/ethnic groups. The rate of persons aged 12 or older who drove
under the influence of alcohol at least once in the year prior to
their interview decreased from 14.2% in 2002 to 13.6% in 2003. While
there was no change in the overall rate of illicit drug use between
2002 and 2003 or the number of persons needing substance abuse treatment,
the number receiving drug treatment at a specialty facility was lower
in 2003. The rate of adults with serious mental illness receiving
treatment for a mental health problem in the past year also did not
change between 2002 and 2003 but the rate of inpatient treatment did
increase. See 2003
National Survey on Drug Use & Health Full Report;
Highlights
- In
2002, of the 363,000 treatment admissions of women of usual childbearing
age (aged 15 to 44 years) for which pregnancy status was recorded
in SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), 4% were known to be
pregnant when admitted. Compared to nonpregnant admissions, pregnant
women aged 15 to 44 entering treatment were more likely to report
cocaine/crack (22% vs. 17%), amphetamine/methamphetamine (21% vs.
13%), or marijuana (17% vs. 13%) as their primary substance of abuse
and less likely to report alcohol (18% vs. 31%).
See The
DASIS Report: Pregnant Women in Substance Abuse Treatment:
2002
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, rates of
current underage drinking among youth aged 12 to 17 was higher in
rural than nonrural areas. Current underage drinking among those aged
18 to 20, however, were higher in nonrural areas. Rural youth aged
12 to 17 reported lower levels of perceived risk from alcohol use,
less disapproval of alcohol use, and less perceived parental disapproval
of underage drinking than those in nonrural areas. Binge drinking
(defined as 5 or more drinks on the same occasion at least one day
in the past month) was also higher among rural youth age 12 to 17
(4.1%) than nonrural (1.6%) but did not differ by rural status for
those aged 18 to 20. See The
NSDUH Report: Underage Drinking in Rural Areas
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, nearly 2
million women aged 18 or older were estimated to have both serious
mental illness (SMI) and a substance use disorder during the past
year. Women with co-occurring SMI and a substance use disorder were
more likely than men with co-occurring SMI and a substance use disorder
to have received treatment for a mental disorder and/or specialty
substance use treatment during the past year. See The
NSDUH Report: Women with Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness
and a Substance Use Disorder
- Drug
abuse related emergency department visits involving amphetamines or
methamphetamines increased 54% in the nation (from 25,245 to 38,961
emergency department visits) between 1995 to 2002. The greatest increases
during this period occurred in Newark (574%), New Orleans (507%) and
Baltimore (500%). Large increases also occurred in St. Louis (283%),
Minneapolis (270%), and Miami (233%). In 2002, the majority of amphetamines
or methamphetamines visits involved white patients (65%) and male
patients (58%). More than half of the emergency department visits
involving amphetamines or methamphetamines involved patients aged
18 to 34. See The DAWN Report: Amphetamine and Methamphetamine Emergency
Department Visits, 1995-2002
- Benzodiazepines
are psychotherapeutic sedatives used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and
seizures. SAMHSA's DAWN found that benzodiazepines were involved in
100,784 drug abuse related emergency department visits in 2002 and
were the most frequently reported type of psychotherapeutic drug.
From 1995 to 2002, drug abuse related emergency department visits
involving benzodiazepines increased 41%. Nearly half of the drug abuse
related emergency department visits involving benzodiazepines were
the result of suicide attempts. See The
DAWN Report: Demographic Characteristics of Benzodiazepine-involved
ED Visits
- Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, during 2002 approximately
91% of youths aged 12 to 17 participated in one or more school-based,
community-based, church or faith-based, or other activities (e.g.,
karate lessons) during the past year. Rates of past year use of cigarettes,
alcohol, or illicit drugs were lower among youth who participated
in such activities than nonparticipants. See The
NSDUH Report: Participation in Youth Activities and Substance Use
Among Youths
- In SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), the substance abuse treatment admission
rates for narcotic painkillers increased 155% between 1992 and 2002.
The increase was smallest in large central metropolitan areas (58%)
and greatest in the most rural areas, i.e., non-metropolitan areas
without a city (269%). The proportions of narcotic painkiller treatment
admissions taking the drugs orally or inhaling them increased while
the proportion injecting them decreased. See The
DASIS Report: Treatment Admissions in Urban & Rural Areas
Involving Abuse of Narcotic Painkillers: 2002 Update
- In 2002, the criminal
justice system was the principal source of referral for 36% of all
substance abuse treatment admissions, as found by SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS). Specific criminal justice venues and programs
referring clients to substance abuse treatment include State and Federal
courts, other courts, probation programs, other recognized legal entities
(e.g., local law enforcement, corrections, or youth agencies), diversionary
programs (e.g., Treatment Accountability for Safer Communities [TASC]),
prisons, and "driving under the influence/driving while intoxicated
(DUI/DWI) programs. Probation/parole
programs referrals were the most common type of criminal justice system
referral (47%). See
The DASIS Report:
Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Referred by the Criminal Justice
System
- SAMHSA's
DAWN found that the following "club drugs" (GHB, ketamine,
LSD, and MDMA) collectively were involved in 8,127 emergency department
visits in 2002. Most of the patients in club drug related emergency
department (ED) visits were under age 26: 56% of the GHB, 68% of the
ketamine, 75% of the MDMA, and 76% of the LSD related emergency department
visits. Although relatively rare, club drug related emergency department
visits more than doubled from 1994 to 1999 and generally decreased
from 2000 to 2002. See The
DAWN Report: Club Drugs, 2002 Update
- Based on SAMHSA's National
Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2002, there were 17.5 million adults
aged 18 or older with serious mental illness (SMI) during the 12 months
prior to being interviewed. This represents 8.3% of all adults in
the United States. On average, adults with SMI were younger, less
educated, and more likely to be female than adults without SMI.
The two racial/ethnic groups with the highest prevalence of SMI were
those reporting more than one race (13.6%) and American Indians and
Alaska Natives (12.5%). The prevalence of SMI was more than
twice as high among those who used an illicit drug during the past
year than it was among those who did not (17.1 vs. 6.9%). This relationship
was observed across most demographic and socioeconomic subgroups and
across most types of illicit drugs used. In 2002, there were
5 million adults aged 18 or older who had SMI and used an illicit
drug in the past year; this represented 28.9% of all persons with
SMI. See Serious Mental Illness
and Its Co-Occurrence with Substance Use Disorders, 2002.
-
In 2002, opioid pain relievers accounted for
about 10% of all drug mentions in drug abuse-related emergency department
visits reported to SAMHSA's DAWN system. Oxycodone and hydrocodone
were the most frequently named pain relievers. Between 1994 and 2002,
mentions of oxycodone increased 450% and hydrocodone mentions increased
170%. Over 70% of the oxycodone or hydrocodone related visits involved
multiple drugs. See The
DAWN Report: Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, and Polydrug Use, 2002.
- Between
1997 and 2002, the number of treatment admissions involving narcotic
painkillers in SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) increased
more than the overall increase in treatment admissions or the increase
in admissions for primary heroin abuse. The number of treatment admissions
in which narcotic painkillers were involved not only doubled between
1992 and 2000 but continued to increased even more between 2000 and
2002. The proportion of new users of narcotic painkillers (those entering
treatment within 3 years of beginning use) increased from 26% in 1997
to 39% in 2002. By 2002, 31 States had an admission rate for narcotic
painkillers of at least 24 per 100,000 persons age 12 or older. Five
of the 6 New England States reported the highest rates in the nation,
ranging from 89 per 10,000 in Connecticut to 207 per 100,000 in Maine.
See The DASIS Report: Admissions
Involving Narcotic Painkillers: 2002 Update
- In
2002, the proportion of female admissions between the ages of 25 and
44 to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) who were currently
married was less than in the general population. About 40% of the
female admissions were self and individual referrals to treatment
and about 25% were referred by the criminal justice system. Cocaine
and opiates were reported as the primary substance of abuse more frequently
by female admissions who had never been married and alcohol was reported
more frequently by those who had ever been married. See The
DASIS Report: Marital
Status of Women Aged 25-44: 2002
in substance abuse treatment.
- Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) conducted in 2000, 23%
of the episodes represented clients who received detoxification services.
Most (95%) of the detoxification discharges were from free-standing
residential facilities, 3% were in ambulatory settings and 2% were
in hospital settings. The completion rate for detoxification episodes
was 52%; while another 8% involved those who were transferred to further
treatment. The median length of stay for completed detoxification
episodes was 4 days. The completion rate among detoxification episodes
was highest when the primary substance of abuse was alcohol (54%),
cocaine (51%), opiates (49%), and stimulants (49%). The completion
rate among detoxification episodes was lowest when the primary substance
of abuse was marijuana/hashish (38%). See
The
DASIS Report: Discharges from Detoxification, 2000
-
Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately
1.6 million youth (7%) aged 12 to 17 had run away from home and slept
on the street in the past 12 months. Among youths aged 12 or 13, 6%
had run away and among those aged 16 or 17, 10% had run away from
home in the past 12 months. Youths who had run away from home in the
past 12 months were more likely to have used alcohol, marijuana, or
an illicit drug other than marijuana in the past year than youths
who had not run away. Alcohol was used in the past year by 50% of
the runaway youths aged 12 to 17 and 33% of those who had not run
away from home. Marijuana was used in the past year by 23% of the
runaways aged 12 to 18 and 12% of those who had not run away from
home. See The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use Among Youths Who Had Run Away
From Home
-
SAMHSA's
2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 17.5 million
adults aged 18 or older (8%) were estimated to have a serious mental
illness in the past year. About 4 million of the adults with a serious
mental illness in 2002 also were dependent on or abused alcohol or
an illicit drug; that is, they had a co-occurring substance abuse
and mental disorder. More
than half of the adults with co-occurring serious mental illness and
a substance use disorder received neither specialty substance use
treatment nor mental health treatment during the past year. Among
adults with co-occurring disorders, 34% received mental health treatment
only, 2% received specialty substance use treatment only, and 12%
received both mental health and specialty substance use treatment
during the past year. See
The
NSDUH Report: Adults with Co-Occurring Serious Mental
Illness and a Substance Use Disorder
-
SAMHSA's
2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 2.7% of persons
aged 12 or older nationwide needed but did not receive treatment for
an illicit drug problem and 7.3% needed but did not receive treatment
for an alcohol problem. The States with the highest rates of individuals
needing but not receiving substance abuse treatment were mainly in the
West. The States with the highest rates of individuals needing but not
receiving alcohol treatment were mainly in the Midwest and West. See
The
NSDUH Report: State Estimates of Persons Needing But Not Receiving
Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002
-
In 2000 and 2001,
an annual average of 21.1 million adults (10.5% of the U.S. population
aged 18 or older) received treatment for a mental or emotional problem
within the past 12 months. Among adults receiving such treatment, 18.9%
had perceived an unmet need for treatment at some time during the year.
Among adults not receiving treatment for a mental or emotional treatment
in the past year, 2.4% perceived an unmet need. Unmet need may be no
treatment, delayed treatment or insufficient care. See Patterns
of Mental Health Service Utilization and Substance Use Among Adults,
2000 and 2001
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, among women
aged 21 to 49, married women were less likely to have used tobacco,
engaged in binge alcohol use, or used an illicit drug in the past
month compared with women who were divorced or separated, never married,
or living with an unmarried partner. Among married women, those with
children younger than 18 living in the home were less likely to have
used tobacco, engaged in binge alcohol use, or used any illicit drug
in the past month than those with no child living in the home. Past
month tobacco and illicit drug use were higher among women living
with an unmarried partner than among women from other marital status
groups. See The
NSDUH Report: Marital Status and Substance Use Among Women
- SAMHSA's Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS)
provides national estimates for cost, revenue, counseling activities,
and staffing. The ADSS Cost Study was the first study of treatment
costs with validated cost data from a nationally representative sample
of substance abuse treatment facilities. For data on mean cost per
admission by type of treatment, cost per enrolled client day, and
personnel costs associated with substance abuse treatment, see The
DASIS Report: Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS) Cost Study
- In 2002, SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that almost 30 million
persons aged 12 and older (13%) had used prescription pain relievers
nonmedically at least once in their lifetime. The
numbers of persons using prescription pain relievers nonmedically
for the first time increased from 600,000 in 1990 to more than 2 million
in 2001. About
1.5 million persons aged 12 or older were dependent on or abused prescription
pain relievers in 2002. See The
NSDUH Report: Nonmedical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers
- Almost
half of all admissions
reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) in 2002 were
for alcohol abuse (43%). Between 1992 and 2002, the proportion
of all admissions by primary drug of abuse increased for amphetamine/
amphetamine and other stimulants from 1% to 7%; for primary
marijuana abuse from 6% to 15%; and for primary heroin abuse from
11% to 15%. However, during this period, the proportion of all
admission decreased for primary cocaine abuse from 18% to 13%.
See Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS): 2002 Highlights
- In
2001, there were 58,000 substance abuse treatment admissions aged
55 or older; this was about 3% of all substance abuse treatment admissions
reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). Admissions
aged 55 or older were more likely than younger admissions to enter
treatment through self-referral (41% vs. 36%) and less likely to be
referred through the criminal justice system (25% vs. 35%). See The
DASIS Report: Older Adults in Substance Abuse Treatment:
2001
- Phencyclidine
(PCP) was reported as the primary substance of abuse for about 3,100
substance abuse treatment admissions reported in 2001 to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS). The average age of primary PCP
admissions was younger than that of all other substance abuse treatment
admissions: 28 years of age for primary PCP admissions vs. 34 years
for all other substance abuse treatment admissions. Primary PCP admissions
were more prevalent in the West (36%) and Northeast (33%) than in
the Midwest (22%) or the South (15%). See The
DASIS Report: Characteristics of Primary Phencyclidine
(PCP) Admissions: 2001.
- Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 21% of young drivers
aged 15 to 17 were binge drinkers and 6% were heavy drinkers during
the combined years of 1999 to 2001. Rates of heavy drinking and binge
drinking among young drivers varied by the States' Graduated Driver
Licensing ratings, based on the extent to which they restrict driving
behavior among young drivers. This report identifies the States categorized
from most restrictive to least restrictive according to the 4 category
rating scheme developed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
and the Traffic Injury Research Foundation. See
The
NSDUH Report: Graduated
Driver Licensing and Drinking Among Young Drivers
- In
2001, 60% of the 112,000 substance abuse treatment admissions aged
18-20 reported to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), involved
alcohol. Admissions
aged 18-20 for alcohol only were more likely to have been referred
by the criminal justice system (70%) than admissions for alcohol with
a secondary drug (56%). Alcohol
only treatment admissions aged 18-20 were less likely to have started
using alcohol prior to the age of 13 than admissions for alcohol with
a secondary drug (12% vs. 23%). See The
DASIS Report: Treatment Admissions for Primary Alcohol Abuse Among
Youth Aged 18-20; 2001
- In 2001, amphetamines
including methamphetamine, were the primary substance of abuse reported
in more than 98,000 substance abuse treatment admissions. This represented
6% of the admissions reported that year to SAMHSA's Treatment Episode
Data Set (TEDS). Among admissions with amphetamines as a primary substance,
the most common route of administration was smoking (44%), followed
by injection (26%), and inhalation (19%). Primary amphetamine admissions
were more likely to have been referred to substance abuse treatment
by the criminal justice system than admissions for other substances
(48% vs. 34%). See The
DASIS Report: Characteristics of Primary Amphetamine Treatment
Admissions, 2001.
- The
National Treatment System: Outpatient Methadone Facilities (Alcohol and
Drug Services Study [ADSS]) This
report provides national estimates for facilities that offer outpatient
methadone treatment. It describes the relationship between methadone
treatment practices and facility characteristics by examining facility
size, ownership, amount of public revenue, urbanicity, level of facility
affiliation, licensure, setting, services, and staffing composition.
It provides information on treatment practices such as methadone dosing
level and staffing patterns, and describes the characteristics of
clients in treatment.
- Between 1995 and 2001,
the proportion of substance abuse treatment admissions with co-occurring
substance abuse and psychiatric disorders reported to SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS) increased from 12% to 16%. The proportion
of females among admissions with co-occurring disorders increased
from 38% to 44% while remaining stable at about 30% among all other
admissions. Primary
use of opiates increased for admissions with co-occurring disorders
(from 13% to 21%) while remaining stable for all other admissions
at 25%. See The
DASIS Report:
Admissions with Co-Occurring Disorders, 1995 and 2001.
- About
34% of the substance abuse treatment admissions reported to SAMHSA's
Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) were employed full- or part-time
at the time of admission. Employed admissions were more likely to
report alcohol as their primary substance of abuse than unemployed
admissions (56% vs. 41%). Among criminal justice referrals, employed
admissions were three times more likely than unemployed admissions
(16% vs. 5%) to have been referred as a result of arrests for "driving
while intoxicated" (DWI)) or "driving under the influence" (DUI).
See
The DASIS Report: Employed Admissions, 2001
- In
2001, the 436,000 admissions for detoxification accounted for 25%
of all substance abuse treatment admissions reported to SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS). Detoxification admissions were more likely
to have had five or more previous admissions (26%) compared with all
other admissions (9%). Compared with all other substance abuse treatment
admissions, detoxification admissions were more likely to be Hispanic
(17% vs. 11%) and older (average age 38 vs. 33), and less likely to
be employed full-time(16% vs. 29%). See
The DASIS Report: Admissions for Detoxification, 2001.
- SAMHSA's
2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that more than 2.6
million youths aged 12 to 17 reported using inhalants at least once
in their lifetime. The categories of inhalants most frequently used
in the youths' lifetime were glue, shoe polish or toluene (4.5%),
gasoline or lighter fluid (3.5%), and spray paints (2.5%). Over half
(53%) of the youths who used an inhalant, however, had used more than
one type in their lifetime. Youths who had used an inhalant in the
past year were about 3 times more likely to use marijuana, 4 times
more likely to use prescription drugs nonmedically, and 7 times more
likely to use hallucinogens than those who had not used inhalants
in the past year. See
The NSDUH Report: Inhalant Use Among Youths: 2002 Update
- SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that, in 2002, over 60%
of youths aged 12 to 17 who had used marijuana in the past year obtained
their most recently used marijuana for free or shared someone else's
marijuana. Among youths who obtained marijuana for free or shared
it, blacks (18%) were more likely than whites (9%) or Hispanics (7%)
to have obtained it from a relative or family member. Among youths
who bought their most recently used marijuana, white youths (9%) were
more likely than black youths (4%) to have purchased it inside a school
building. See
The NSDUH Report: How Youths Obtain Marijuana
- Based
on SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) conducted in 2000, 55%
of hospital inpatient treatment episodes involved individuals who
completed treatment and another 25% involved those who were transferred
to further treatment. The hospital inpatient treatment completion
rate was highest, at 59%, for episodes involving alcohol as the primary
substance of abuse. See The
DASIS Report: Discharges from Hospital Inpatient Treatment,
2000
- Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2002, almost
1.5 million youths aged 12 to 17 had been detained in a jail or a
detention center at least once in their lifetime. Past
year substance abuse or dependence was almost 3 times higher among
youths who had been detained at least once in their lifetime than
among youths who had never been in a jail or a detention center.
Prescription type drugs were used in the past year by 21.2% of youth
who had been in a jail or detention compared with 8.4% of the youth
who had never been detained. See The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use, Abuse, and Dependence Among
Youth Who Have Been in a Jail or a Detention Center.
- SAMHSA's Treatment
Episode Data Set (TEDS) found in 2000 that the completion rate for long-term
residential treatment was highest (38%) involving alcohol as the primary
substance of abuse. The completion rates for long-term residential treatment
by other primary substances were: marijuana (32%), stimulants (30%),
opiates (29%), and cocaine (29%). The median length of stay for completed
long-term residential treatment episodes was 75 days, ranging from 73
days for cocaine to 91 days for opiates. See
The DASIS Report: Discharges from Long-term Residential Treatment,
2000.
- Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2002 almost
5 million adults were alcohol dependent or alcohol abusing and had
at least one child younger than age 18 living in their home. Parents
with past year alcohol dependence or abuse were more likely to report
household turbulence than parents who were not alcohol dependent or
alcohol abusing. Household turbulence included people in their household
having serious arguments and often insulting or yelling at each other.
See
The NSDUH Report: Alcohol Dependence or Abuse Among Parents with
Children Living in the Home.
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2000 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), about 10% (15,000)
of substance abuse admissions aged 18 or younger were referred by
schools. Four States had rates of at least twice the national
average of school referrals: South Carolina (32%), Hawaii (28%),
New Hampshire (25%) and Virginia (22%). In four States, school
referrals made up 2% or less of youth substance abuse admissions:
Montana, Nevada, Missouri, and North Dakota. See The
DASIS Report: Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Referred by
Schools, 2000.
- According
to SAMHSA's 2001 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), adolescent admissions
for substance abuse increased from 1992 to 2001, due to increased
admissions involving marijuana and increased referrals from the criminal
justice system. Since 1992, methamphetamine/amphetamine admission
rates increased by 100% or more in 33 States, spreading east from
the Pacific States into the Midwest and South. In 2001, for the fifth
consecutive year, TEDS admissions for primary opiate abuse exceeded
those for primary cocaine abuse. See Treatment
Data Episode Set (TEDS) 1992-2001: National Admissions to Substance
Abuse Treatment Services.
- In
2002, according to SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health,
about 8 million youths (33%) aged 12 to 17 attended religious services
25 times or more in the past year. More than 78% of youths (19
million) reported that religious beliefs are a very important part
of their lives and 69% (17 million) reported that religious beliefs
influence how they make decisions. Youth aged 12 to 17 with
higher levels of religiosity were less likely to have used cigarettes,
alcohol, or illicit drugs in the past month than youths with lower
levels of religiosity. See The
NSDUH Report: Religious Beliefs and Substance Use Among Youths.
- In
SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), the number of substance
abuse treatment admissions in which narcotic painkillers were involved
increased 101% between 1992 and 2000. Increases in substance abuse
treatment admission rates for abuse of narcotic painkillers were greatest
in areas outside large central metropolitan areas. The proportion
increased of narcotic painkiller treatment admissions taking the drugs
orally while the proportion injecting narcotic painkillers decreased.
However, only in rural areas did the proportion who inhaled the narcotic
painkillers increase. See
The DASIS Report: Treatment Admissions in Urban & Rural Areas
Involving Abuse of Narcotic Painkillers.
- According
to SAMHSA's DAWN system, the growth in PCP related visits to emergency
departments between 2001 and 2002 exceeded the national average in
four metropolitan areas in the East: Newark (254%), Washington,
D.C. (148%), Baltimore (60%), and Philadelphia (46%). See
The
DAWN Report: Trends in PCP-related Emergency Department Visits.
(PDF format)
- In
2002, males and females aged 12 to 17 were equally likely (55%) to
report that obtaining marijuana would be easy. However, female youths
were more likely than males to report it would be easy to obtain crack
(32% vs. 21%), cocaine (29% vs. 21%), LSD (23% vs. 16%) and heroin
(17% vs. 13%). See The
NSDUH Report: Availability of Illicit Drugs Among Youths.
- In
SAMHSA's Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) linked admission/ discharge
records, 11% represented clients who received short-term residential
substance abuse treatment. The completion rate for short-term residential
treatment was highest (67%) for episodes where alcohol was the primary
substance of abuse. Over half completed their short-term residential
when their primary substance was opiates (59%), marijuana (58%), cocaine
(55%) or stimulants (53%). The median length of stay for completed
short-term residential treatment episodes was 26 days, ranging from
22 days for alcohol to 28 days for marijuana. See
The DASIS Report: Discharges from Short-term Residential
Treatment, 2000.
- Based
on SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the percentages
of youths engaging in delinquent behaviors rose with increasing frequency
of marijuana use. In 2002, more than 5 million youths engaged in serious
fighting at school or work and almost 4 million took part in a group-against-group
fight in the past year. Over half (57%) of those who used marijuana
300 or more days in the past year reported that they also sold illegal
drugs. See The
NSDUH Report: Marijuana Use and Delinquent Behaviors Among
Youths.
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