The director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) requested in March 1987, "state-of-the-art" housing for the nonhuman primate population at NIH. As a result of this, the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) hired Dr. Kathryn Bayne to coordinate the development of this document, conduct a survey of nonhuman primate utilization and conduct independent research on environmental enrichment. She was also directed to work with scientists and veterinarians working with nonhuman primates, the Office of Animal Care and Use (OACU), and the Veterinary Resources Program (VRP) in the formulation of this plan. The document, then, presents the results of the survey and recommendations of a diverse group of researchers, care providers and administrators to meet the 1985 congressional mandate for improved "psychological well-being" of nonhuman primates. This Plan does not attempt to set the standard for nonhuman primate housing across the country, but rather is a research oriented program through which various means of environmental enrichment can be tested and implemented at NIH.