Sol Spiegelman Papers added
Sol Spiegelman (1914-1983) was an American molecular biologist
whose discoveries laid the foundations of recombinant DNA technology.
He received the 1974 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
"for his contributions to molecular biology including techniques
of molecular hybridization and the first synthesis of an infectious
nucleic acid."
(Available July 2007; press release, updated March 2008)
June 2007
Mary Lasker Papers added
Mary Lasker (1900-1994) was co-founder of the Lasker Foundation
which fosters prevention and treatment of disease by honoring
excellence in basic and clinical science. She received the
Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal
for her work.
(Available June 2007; press release, updated March 2008)
February 2007
Rosalind Franklin Papers added
Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) was a British chemist and
crystallographer best known for her role in the discovery
of the structure of DNA. Her x-ray diffraction photos of
DNA and her analysis of that data provided Francis Crick
and James Watson clues crucial to building their correct
theoretical model of the molecule in 1953.
(Available February 2007; press release, updated May 2007, March 2008)
December 2006
Harold Varmus Papers added
Harold Varmus (b. 1939) is an American physician who
shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
discovery of "the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes."
Varmus became the first Nobel laureate to head the
National Institutes of Health.
(Available December 2006; press release, updated May 2007, March 2008)
September 2006
Michael Heidelberger Papers added
Michael Heidelberger (1888-1991) was an American immunologist
and the founder of immunochemistry. His work led to an
expansion of the study of microorganisms, and laid a path for a new
understanding of infectious diseases, their treatment, and their
prevention. Heidelberger received the 1953 Lasker Award for Basic
Medical Research and the 1978 Lasker Award for Clinical Medical
Research.
(Available September 2006; announcement, updated December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
July 2006
Virginia Apgar Papers added
Virginia Apgar (1909-1974) was an American physician
best known for the Apgar Score, a simple, rapid method for
assessing newborn viability. Apgar was also a leader in
the emerging field of anesthesiology during the 1940s and
in the new field of teratology (the study of birth defects)
after 1960.
(Available July 2006; press release, updated December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
February 2006
Edward D. Freis Papers added
Edward D. Freis (1912-2005) was an American cardiologist
best known as the father of the first double-blind,
multi-institutional controlled clinical trial of cardiovascular
drugs which demonstrated that treating
hypertension with medication could dramatically
reduce disability and death from stroke, congestive heart
failure, and other cardiovascular diseases.
(Available February 2006, updated July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
September 2005
Salvador E. Luria Papers added
Salvador E. Luria (1912-1991) was an Italian-born bacteriologist who
shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his
"discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic
structure of viruses."
(Available September 2005; press release, updated December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
June 2005
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Papers added
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1893-1986) was a Hungarian-born biochemist who
won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his
discoveries concerning the biological combustion processes"
with especial reference to vitamin C and to the fumaric acid catalyst.
(Available June 2005;
press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
February 2005
Francis Crick Papers added
Francis Crick (1916-2004) was a British theoretical biologist who
shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his
"discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic
acids and its significance for information transfer in living
material."
(Available February 2005; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
September 2004
C. Everett Koop Papers added
C. Everett Koop (b. 1916) is an American pediatric surgeon who during a
forty-year medical career pioneered important improvements in the
surgical treatment of children. As U.S. Surgeon General from 1981 to
1989, he turned the office into an authoritative platform from which
to educate the nation on major public health concerns including
smoking, violence, and, most urgently, AIDS.
(Available September 2004, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
Wilbur A. Sawyer Papers added
Wilbur A. Sawyer (1879-1951) was an American public health administrator
who played a key role in preventive medicine and international public
health during the first part of the twentieth century. He developed
the first effective yellow fever vaccine, and was one of the architects
of the World Health Organization.
(Available September 2004, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
November 2003
Visual Culture and Health Posters added
Images play a role in health education and disease prevention,
and tell us about the history of health care and the world we live in. (Available November 2003, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
August 2003
Florence R. Sabin Papers added
Florence R. Sabin (1871-1953) was an American anatomist and medical researcher.
She received a Lasker Award in 1951 for her work in public health. (Available August 2003; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
May 2003
Fred L. Soper Papers added
Fred Soper (1893-1977), was an American epidemiologist and public
health administrator who won a Lasker Award in 1946 for organizing
successful campaigns to eradicate yellow fever and malaria between
1927 and 1945. (Available May 2003; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
October 2002
Donald S. Fredrickson Papers added
Donald S. Fredrickson (1924-2002) was an American physiologist and
biomedical research leader who made significant contributions to
medicine over the course of four decades.
(Available October 2002; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
February 2002
Linus Pauling Papers added
Linus Pauling (1901-1994) was an American chemist who won the
1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research into the nature of
the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the
structure of complex substances." He also won the 1962 Nobel Peace
Prize, making him the only person to win two unshared Nobel prizes.
(Available February 2002, updated June 2002, February 2003; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
Reports of the Surgeon General added
The Reports of the Surgeon General contains official reports, conference and
workshop reports, and proceedings from the Office of the Surgeon General.
Included are the 1964 Report on Smoking and Health, reports on AIDS, smoking,
disease prevention, violence, and children's health, among others.
(Available February 2002, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
October 2001
Barbara McClintock Papers added
Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) was an American geneticist who
won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering
the ability of genes to change position on the chromosome. (Available October 2001; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
May 2001
Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers added
Marshall W. Nirenberg (b. 1927) is an American biochemist who
shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on
deciphering the genetic code. (Available May 2001; press release, updated November 2002, August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
November 2000
Christian B. Anfinsen Papers added
Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. (1916-1995), was an American
biochemist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for work that helped
explain the structure and composition of proteins in living cells. (Available November 2000; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
May 2000
Julius Axelrod Papers added
Julius Axelrod (1912-2004) was an American pharmacologist and neuroscientist
who shared the 1970 Nobel Prize for his discovery of the actions of
neurotransmitters in regulating the metabolism of the nervous system. (Available May 2000; press release, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
November 1999
Martin Rodbell Papers added
Martin Rodbell (1925-1998) was an American biochemist and molecular
endocrinologist who shared the Nobel Prize in 1994
for his discovery of G-proteins and the principles of signal transduction in
cellular communication. (Available November 1999; press release, updated January 2000, August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
March 1999
Joshua Lederberg Papers added
Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) was an American geneticist and microbiologist
who received the Nobel Prize in 1958 for "his discoveries
concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria." (Available March 1999; press release, updated January 2000, June 2000, February 2001, September 2001, November 2001, June 2002, November 2002, June 2004, May 2005; announcement, updated August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
September 1998
Profiles in Science Web site launched. Oswald T. Avery Collection added.
Oswald T. Avery (1877-1955) was one of this country's first molecular
biologists, whose findings proved that the genetic material is DNA. (Available September 1998; press release, updated August 1999, January 2000, November 2002, May 2005, August 2005, December 2005, July 2006, December 2006, May 2007, March 2008)
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers includes
new exhibit narrative text, and brings the total number of
public documents up to 11,045.
The latest update of the Oswald T. Avery Collection includes
new exhibit narrative text, and brings the total number of
public documents up to 402.
June 2004
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total
number of public documents up to 10,715.
February 2003
To celebrate the inclusion of Linus Pauling's papers on Profiles in Science,
the Friends of the National Library of Medicine and the American Chemical
Society hosted a reception on Capitol Hill on Feb 11, 2003.
Dr. Linus Pauling, Jr., oldest son of Linus Pauling, greeted the guests.
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 10,307.
The latest update of the Marshall W. Nirenberg Papers adds two new sections to the exhibit, and increases the number of documents to 271.
June 2002
More photographs and documents were added to the Linus Pauling papers.
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 9,720.
November 2001
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 8,901.
September 2001
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 6,846.
The newly released materials are drawn from two writings subseries; his
published reprints, which date from 1946-1999, and articles from his
Washington Post newspaper column ("Science and Man"), which date roughly
from 1965-1975.
February 2001
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 6,451.
June 2000
The latest update of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total number of public documents up to 3,010.
It is now possible to search across all Profiles in Science
collections, as well as limit your search to certain fields (title,
author, etc.)
January 2000
The latest update of the Oswald T. Avery Collection brings the number of released documents to 300,
comprising almost the whole of the Avery collection.
The latest update of the of the Joshua Lederberg Papers brings the total of public documents to 1,372,
increasing the number by a factor of six. The newly released materials
are drawn from two correspondence subseries, CA, comprising materials
1925-1946, up through his work at Yale University; and CD, 1961-1978,
comprising his years at Stanford University.
The latest update of the Martin Rodbell Papers
adds one photograph and slightly revises language
in the "exhibit" section.