FHWA > Engineering > Pavements > Research > LTPP > FHWA-HRT-07-052 > Protocol P32 |
Long Term Pavement Performance Project Laboratory Materials Testing And Handling GuideProtocol P32
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L/D Ratio | Correction Factor |
---|---|
1.75 | 0.98 |
1.50 | 0.96 |
1.25 | 0.93 |
1.00 | 0.87 |
6.10 Care shall be exercised during sample preparation so that the length of a specimen is not reduced to the extent that L/D ratio becomes less than 1.0. However, if for any reason the L/D ratio is less than 1.0 the test shall be performed, the actual L/D ratio reported and special comment code 95 (see Section 9.4) included in the report on Form T32 that explains the reason for the low value of the L/D ratio. Apply a correction factor of 0.87 to the specimen with the L/D ratio less than 1.0.
7.1 Delete Section 7.1 of ASTM C39‑04a.
7.2 Delete Section 7.2 of ASTM C39‑04a.
7.3 Delete Section 7.3 of ASTM C39‑04a.
7.4 As described in Section 7.4 of ASTM C39‑04a.
7.5 As described in Section 7.5 of ASTM C39‑04a.
7.6 As described in Section 7.6 of ASTM C39‑04a.
As described in Section 8 of ASTM C39‑04a.
The following information is to be recorded on Form T32:
9.1 Sample Identification shall include: Laboratory Identification Code, Region, State, State Code, SHRP ID, Layer Number, Field Set Number, Sample Area Number, Sample Location Number, LTPP Sample Number.
9.2 Test identification shall include: LTPP Test Designation, LTPP Protocol Number, Laboratory Test Number, Test Date.
9.3 Test Results
Report the following:
(a) Thickness of the treated layer to the nearest 0.1 inch, and thickness code as determined by the P31 test (Section 11.3.1 (c) of Protocol P31).
(b) Visual examination code(s) and a note not exceeding 25 characters according to Attachment A of Protocol P32.
(c) Diameter (D) to nearest 0.01 inch.
(d) Length before capping (LO), Length after capping (L), to the nearest 0.1 inch.
(e) Length to diameter (L/D) ratio, and correction factor.
(f) Cross‑sectional area, in square inches to the nearest 0.01 inch2.
(g) Maximum load, in pounds‑force.
(h) Compressive strength (CS), calculated to the nearest 10 psi after applying the appropriate correction factor.
(i) Type of fracture (see Fig. 2 of AASHTO T22‑88I and as described below:).
Fracture Type | Code |
---|---|
(a) Cone | 11 |
(b) Cone and split | 12 |
(c) Cone and shear | 13 |
(d) Shear | 14 |
(e) Columnar | 15 |
(f) Other type (explain in a note not exceeding 25 characters | 16 |
9.4 Comments shall include LTPP standard comment code(s), as shown in Section 4.3 of this Guide and any other note, as needed. Additional codes for special comments associated with Protocol P32 ‑ Method A are given below.
Code | Comment |
---|---|
91 | The thickness of the treated layer was determined in the laboratory using the intact cores and the Protocol P31 procedure. Compressive strength test (Protocol P32 for OTB materials) or resilient modulus test (Protocol P07 for ATB materials) was not performed on the cores from the designated locations, because the thickness is less than 3 inches (76 mm). |
92 | Intact cores were not available. The thickness of the treated layer was averaged from the information available on field exploration logs and used as is in reporting the test results of Protocol P31 on Form T31. The Protocol P31 test was conducted on chunks and pieces. Compressive strength test on OTB materials (Protocol P32) or resilient modulus test on ATB materials (Protocol P07) not performed. |
93 | The thickness of the treated layer was 3 inches (76 mm) or more as determined from the intact cores. Protocol P31 test was performed. Other tests were or will be performed on intact cores using Protocol P32 (compressive strength for other than asphalt treated materials, OTB) or P07 (resilient modulus for asphalt treated materials, ATB). |
95 | Length to diameter ratio was less than 1.0 because the layer thickness was less than the diameter of the specimen. A correction factor of 0.87 was applied to calculate the compressive strength. |
9.5 Use Form T32 (Test Sheet T32) to report the above information (Items 9.1 to 9.4).
LTPP PROTOCOL P32 ‑ METHOD "B"
The test shall be carried out in accordance with ASTM D2166‑85 as modified herein. Those sections of the ASTM standard included in the following by reference and without modifications shall be followed as written in the ASTM standards. All other sections of this protocol shall be followed as herein written.
10.1 This test covers the determination of the compressive strength of weak, soft and/or cracked and nondurable 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores of other than asphalt treated (OTB) base and/or subbase materials, taken from a pavement section. Examples of treated materials are soil cement and lime treated soil.
10.2 This protocol also applies to the determination of the compressive strength of weak and nondurable 4-inch (102-mm) diameter cores of treated subgrade of other than asphalt treated materials.
10.3 Delete Section 1 of ASTM D2166‑00 except:
Section 1.6 of ASTM D2166‑00 the values stated in inch‑pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
11.1 ASTM Standards: As listed in ASTM D2166‑00, Section 2.
11.2 LTPP Protocols:
P31 Test Method for Identification and Description of Treated Base and Subbase Materials, and Determination of Type of Treatment.
P07 Test Method for Determining the Creep Compliance, Resilient Modulus and Strength of Asphalt Materials Using the Indirect Tensile Test Device
11.3 Other LTPP Documents: LTPP Laboratory Material Testing Guide, Section 4.3
Same as defined in Section 3 of ASTM D2166‑00.
As required in Section 5 of ASTM D2166‑00
Change Section 6 of ASTM D2166‑00 to Section 6 of LTPP Protocol P32 ‑ Method A.
Delete Section 7 of ASTM D2166‑00 except for Section 7.1 as modified below:
7.1 Place the specimen in the loading device so that it is centered on the bottom platen. Adjust the loading device carefully so that the upper platen just makes contact with the specimen. Zero the deformation indicator. Apply the load so as to produce an axial strain at a rate of ½ to 2%/min. Softer material should be tested at a higher rate of strain. Conversely stiff and brittle material shall be tested at a lower rate of strain. Record load, deformation, and time values at sufficient intervals to define the shape of the stress‑strain curve (usually 10 to 15 points are sufficient). The rate of strain should be chosen so that the time to failure does not exceed about 15 minutes. Continue loading until the load values decrease with increasing strain, or until 15% is reached.
16.1 Perform calculations as defined in Sections 8.1 through 8.4 of ASTM D2166‑00.
16.2 Use the procedure described in Section 8.4 of ASTM D2166‑00 to calculate unconfined compressive strength. Include the graph of the stress‑strain data with Form T32.
16.3 Delete Section 8.5 of ASTM D2166‑00.
The following information is to be recorded on Form T32:
17.1 Sample Identification shall include: Laboratory Identification Code, Region, State, State Code, SHRP ID, Layer Number, Field Set Number, Sample Area Number, Sample Location Number, LTPP Sample Number.
17.2 Test identification shall include: LTPP Test Designation, LTPP Protocol Number, Laboratory Test Number, Test Date.
17.3 Test Results
Report the following:
(a) Thickness of treated layer to the nearest 0.1 inch and thickness code as determined by the P31 test (Section 11.3.1 (c) of Protocol P31).
(b) Visual Examination code(s) and a note not exceeding 25 characters according to Attachment A of Protocol P32.
(c) Diameter (D) to nearest 0.01 inch.
(d) Length before capping (LO), Length after capping (L), to the nearest 0.1 inch.
(e) Length to diameter (L/D) ratio, and correction factor.
(f) Cross‑sectional area, in square inches to the nearest 0.01 inch2.
(g) Maximum load, in pounds‑force.
(h) Compressive strength (CS), calculated to the nearest 10 psi after applying the appropriate correction factor.
(i) Type of fracture (see description below).
Fracture Type | Code |
---|---|
(a) Cone | 11 |
(b) Cone and split | 12 |
(c) Cone and shear | 13 |
(d) Shear | 14 |
(e) Columnar | 15 |
(f) Other type (explain in a note not exceeding 25 characters) | 26 |
(j) Include the graph of the stress‑strain data with Form T32.
17.4 Comments shall include LTPP standard comment code(s), as shown in Section 4.3 of this Guide and any other note, as needed. Additional codes for special comments associated with Protocol P32 ‑ Method B are given below.
Code | Comment |
---|---|
91 | The thickness of the treated layer was determined in the laboratory using the intact cores and the Protocol P31 procedure. Compressive strength test (Protocol P32 for OTB materials) or resilient modulus test (Protocol P07 for ATB materials) was not performed on the cores from the designated locations, because the thickness is less than 3 inches (76 mm). |
92 | Intact cores were not available. The thickness of the treated layer was averaged from the information available on field exploration logs and used as is in reporting the test results of Protocol P31 on Form T31. The Protocol P31 test was conducted on chunks and pieces. Compressive strength test on OTB materials (Protocol P32) or resilient modulus test on ATB materials (Protocol P07) was not performed. |
93 | The thickness of the treated layer was 3 inches (76 mm) or more as determined from the intact cores. Protocol P31 test was performed. Other tests were or will be performed on intact cores using Protocol P32 (compressive strength for other than asphalt treated materials, OTB) or P07 (resilient modulus for asphalt treated materials, ATB). |
95 | Length to diameter ratio was less than 1.0 because the layer thickness was less than the diameter of the specimen. A correction factor of 0.87 was applied to calculate the compressive strength. |
17.5 Use Form T32 (Test Sheet T32) to report the above information (Items 17.1 to 17.4).
This attachment to LTPP Protocol P32 describes a series of two‑digit codes for reporting the results of visual examination of OTB, subbase, and subgrade cores such as lean concrete, econocrete, cement‑aggregate, lime‑treated soils and soil cement.
Code | Description |
---|---|
51 | Intact core; excellent condition; suitable for testing. |
52 | Hairline cracks on the surface of the core; suitable for testing. |
53 | Cracks and/or voids visible along the side of the core; core is suitable for testing. |
54 | Badly cracked or damaged core; unsuitable for testing; suitable for thickness measurements. |
55 | Ridges on the sides of the cores; (Identify by placing a straightedge along the side of the core when the distance between the straightedge and core face is 1/16 inch [2 mm] or greater); such a condition should be recorded for P32 and for any other test if the core is designated for such a purpose. |
56 | Very rough and uneven bottom surface of the core. Place the core on a level surface. Identify with this code when less than 75% of the surface area is in contact with a level surface when the core is perpendicular to the surface. |
57 | Core extremely damaged from sampling, shipping, or laboratory handling; unsuitable for testing. Core thickness cannot be measured. |
58 | Treated base core was sawed in the laboratory to remove the core from the underlying bonded layer of subbase. |
59 | Core consisted of two or more layers of treated material. Core was sawed in the laboratory and appropriate layer numbers were assigned to each layer. |
60 | One or more treated material layers have become separated, appropriate layer numbers were assigned to each layer. |
61 | Segregation of coarse and fine aggregate is observed over 25% or more of the surface area of the core. |
62 | Voids in the matrix of the treated base/subbase mixture are observed along the sides of the core. |
63 | Voids due to loss of coarse and fine aggregate are observed along the sides of the core. |
64 | Core is missing significant portions and cannot be considered a coherent cylindrical core; unsuitable for testing. Do not test for LTPP Protocols P32 or P07. |
65 | Coarse aggregate along the face of the core contains 50% or more of crushed materials with fractured faces. |
66 | Coarse aggregate along the face of the core is a mixture of uncrushed gravel and crushed gravel or stone. |
67 | The exposed aggregates along the face of the core are lightweight aggregate. |
68 | More than 10% of the surface area of the core contains soft and deleterious aggregate particles or clay balls. Soft aggregates are defined as those aggregates that can be easily scratched with a knife. |
69 | Cracks are generally across or through the coarse aggregate. |
70 | Cracks are generally around the periphery of the coarse aggregate. |
72 | Rims are observed on aggregate. |
73 | Fine aggregate is natural sand. |
74 | Fine aggregate is manufactured sand. |
75 | Fine aggregate is a mixture of natural and manufactured sand. |
79 | Core indicates deterioration that may be due to freeze-thaw cycles of the pavement layers. |
80 | Core indicates sulfate attack. Concrete or cement treated material is deteriorated because of volume change caused by chemical and physical reaction or both with sulfates sometimes found in groundwater or soils. |
81 | Core indicates alkali silica reactivity. It is shown by the expansion of reactive aggregates. As expansion occurs, the cement matrix is disrupted and cracks. It appears as a map cracked area. |
82 | Skewed core. A core, after being placed on a level, horizontal surface, is considered skewed when either end of the core departs from perpendicularity to the axis by more than 0.5° or ⅛ inch in 12 inches (3 mm in 305 mm). |
99 | Other comment (describe in a note). |
Any six codes from the above list can be used to report the results of the visual examination. A note may also be recorded (the note shall not be more than 25 characters long).
LTPP LABORATORY MATERIAL HANDLING AND TESTING
LABORATORY MATERIAL TEST DATA
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TREATED BASE/SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE CORES
LAB DATA SHEET T32
TREATED BASE/SUBBASE AND SUBGRADE LAYERS
LTPP TEST DESIGNATION TB02/LTPP PROTOCOL P32
LABORATORY PERFORMING TEST:______________________________________________________________
LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION CODE:__ __ __ __
REGION _________________ STATE ___________________ STATE CODE __ __
EXPERIMENT NO _____ SHRP ID __ __ __ __
SAMPLED BY: ______________________________________________ FIELD SET NO. __
DATE SAMPLED: __ __-__ __-__ __ __ __
TREATED LAYER MATERIAL TYPE: CIRCLE ONE TREATED BASE/TREATED SUBBASE/TREATED SUBGRADE
1. LAYER NUMBER (FROM LAB SHEET L04) __
2. SAMPLING AREA NO. (SA-) _ _ _ _
4. LABORATORY TEST NUMBER _ _
5. LOCATION NUMBER _ _ _ _ _ _
6. LTPP SAMPLE NUMBER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. LTPP PROTOCOL P32, METHOD (A OR B) _ _
8. TEST RESULTS (SECTION 9.3 OR 17.3 OF PROTOCOL P32)
(a) TREATED LAYER INFORMATION (FROM FORM T31)
THICKNESS, INCHES _ _._ _ _._
THICKNESS, CODE _ _ _ _
(b) VISUAL EXAMINATION CODE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
NOTE _____________ _____________
(c) DIAMETER (D), INCHES _._ _ _._ _
(d) SPECIMEN LENGTH, INCHES
BEFORE CAPPING, (LO) _ _._ _ _._
AFTER CAPPING, (L) _ _._ _ _._
(e) L/D RATIO _._ _ _._ _
(f) CROSS‑SECTIONAL AREA (A), SQ. IN. _ _._ _ _ _._ _
(g) MAXIMUM LOAD, LBF _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _.
(h) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (CS), PSI _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _.
(AFTER APPLYING CORRECTION FACTOR)
(i) TYPE OF FRACTURE (FR),
(a) CODE _ _ _ _
(b) NOTE ____________ ____________
(j) GRAPH OF STRESS‑STRAIN DATA ____ ____
(METHOD B) ATTACHED (YES OR NO)
9. COMMENTS (SECTION 9.4 OR 17.4 OF SHRP PROTOCOL P32)
(a) CODE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(b) NOTE ____________ ____________ ___________
10. TEST DATE _ _‑_ _‑_ _ _ _ _ _‑_ _‑_ _ _ _
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL REMARKS:___________________________________________________________________________ | |
SUBMITTED BY, DATE | CHECKED AND APPROVED, DATE |
______________________________ | ______________________________ |
LABORATORY CHIEF Affiliation______________________ | Affiliation______________________ |
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