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Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans)
1997 Case Definition
The 1997 case definition appearing on this page was previously published in the 1990
MMWR Recommendations and Reports
titled Case Definitions for Public Health Surveillance [MMWR 1990;39(RR13)] (available at
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025629.htm).
Thus, the 1990 and 1997 versions of the case definition are identical.
Clinical description
An illness characterized by fever, headache, chills,
myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, and less frequently by meningitis,
rash, jaundice, or renal insufficiency. Symptoms may be biphasic.
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
- Isolation of Leptospira from a clinical
specimen, or
- Fourfold or greater increase in Leptospira agglutination
titer between acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens
obtained greater than or equal to 2 weeks apart and studied
at the same laboratory, or
- Demonstration of Leptospira in a clinical
specimen by immunofluorescence
Case classification
Probable: a clinically
compatible case with supportive serologic findings (i.e., a Leptospira agglutination
titer of greater than or equal to 200 in one or more serum specimens)
Confirmed: a clinically compatible case
that is laboratory confirmed
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