|
.gif) |
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
1995 Case Definition
Clinical Description
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, commonly referred to
as Hantavirus disease, is a febrile illness characterized by bilateral
interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise requiring
supplemental oxygen and simulating adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). The typical prodrome consists of fever, chills, myalgias,
headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Typical clinical laboratory
findings include hemoconcentration, left shift in the white blood
cell count, neutrophilic leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and circulating
immunoblasts.
Clinical Case Definition
An illness characterized by one or more of the following
clinical features:
- A febrile illness (i.e., temperature >101°F
[38.30°C]) occurring in a previously healthy person characterized
by a) unexplained adult respiratory distress syndrome or b) bilateral
interstitial pulmonary infiltrates with respiratory compromise
requiring supplemental oxygen, developing within 72 hours of hospitalization.
- An unexplained respiratory illness resulting in
death, with an autopsy examination demonstrating non-cardiogenic
pulmonary edema without an identifiable cause.
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
- Detection of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin
M or rising titers of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin G, or
- Detection of hantavirus-specific ribonucleic acid
sequence by polymerase chain reaction in clinical specimens, or
- Detection of hantavirus antigen by immunohistochemistry
Case Classification
Confirmed: A clinically-compatible
case with laboratory criteria for diagnosis
Comment
Laboratory testing must be performed or confirmed at
a reference laboratory. Because the clinical illness is non-specific
and adult respiratory distress syndrome is common, a screening case
definition should be used to determine which patients to test. In
general, a predisposing medical condition (e.g., chronic pulmonary
disease, malignancy, trauma, burn, and surgery) is a more likely
cause of ARDS than Hantavirus, and patients who have these underlying
conditions and ARDS should not be tested for Hantavirus.
See also:
Printable
Version |
|
