| Agent Name |
o-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile |
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| CAS Number |
2698-41-1 |
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| Formula |
C10-H5-Cl-N2 |
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| Major Category |
Toxic Gases & Vapors |
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| Synonyms |
((2-Chloro-phenyl)methylene)propanenitrile; (o-Chlorobenzal)malononitrile; (o-Chlorobenzylidene)malononitrile; 2-Chlorobenzalmalononitrile; 2-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile; 2-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; 2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile; 2-Chlorobmn; Alonitrile; CS; CS (lacrimator); Malononitrile, (o-chlorobenzylidene)-; Propanedinitrile, ((2-chlorophenyl)methylene); TL 238; beta,beta-Dicyano-o-chlorostyrene; chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile; o-Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile; o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonic nitrile; ortho-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; OCBM; [ChemIDplus] UN2811 |
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| Category |
Tear Gas Agents |
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| Description |
White crystalline solid with a pepper-like odor; [NIOSH] |
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| Sources/Uses |
Occupational exposures can occur during the manufacturing and formulation of OCBM for a riot control agent; [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] |
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| Comments |
This is the active ingredient in the "CS" type of tear gas. No CS-related deaths have been reported. [NIOSH Guidelines for Chemical Hazards] Workers who handle CS during production have a significant risk of allergic contact dermatitis. [ACGIH] A lachrymator; [HSDB] A skin sensitizer; Severely irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; [ICSC] |
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| Exposure Assessment |
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| Skin Designation (ACGIH) |
Yes |
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| Ceiling (ACGIH) |
0.05 ppm |
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| PEL (OSHA) |
0.05 ppm |
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| Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs |
Human data: It has been reported that median incapacitating concentrations range from 12 to 20 mg/m3 after about 20 seconds of exposure [U.S. Depts of Army and Air Force 1963] and that a 2�minute exposure to concentrations between 2 and 10 mg/m3 was considered "intolerable" by 6 of 15 persons [Army 1961]. In another study, 3 of 4 volunteers exposed to 1.5 mg/m3 for 90 minutes developed headaches and 1 volunteer developed slight eye and nose irritation; human volunteers have found concentrations greater than 10 mg/m3 to be extremely irritating and intolerable for more than 30 seconds because of burning and pain in the eyes and chest [Punte et al. 1963]. Exposures above 14 mg/m3 for 1 hour produced extreme irritation, erythema, and vesication of the skin of volunteers [Weigand 1969]. |
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| Vapor Pressure |
3 x 10 -05 mm Hg |
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| RD50 |
4 ppm |
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| Lethal Concentration |
LCLo (rats) = 1,806 mg/m3/45M |
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| Adverse Effects |
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| Skin Sensitizer |
Yes |
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| Lacrimator |
Yes |
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| Links to Other NLM Databases |
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| Health Studies |
Human Health Effects from Hazardous Substances Data Bank: 2-CHLOROBENZALMALONONITRILE
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