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CFSAN/Office of Food Safety
August 1, 2008
Under regulatory monitoring, 7,905 samples were analyzed in FY 2004. Of these, 2,832 were of domestic foods and 5,073 were imported foods.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of the 2,832 domestic samples by commodity group with "No Residues Found," "Residues Found; No Violation," and "Violative" (a violative residue is defined in this report as a residue which exceeds an EPA tolerance or formal FDA Action Level, or a residue at a level of regulatory significance for which no tolerance has been established in the sampled food.)
Figure 1 - Results of Domestic Samples by Commodity Group for FY 2004
Group Sample Totals: Grains & Grain Products, 326; Milk/Dairy/Eggs, 49; Fish/Shellfish, 123; Fruit, 868; Vegetables, 1383; Other Foods, 83.
As in earlier years, fruits and vegetables accounted for the largest proportion of the domestic commodities analyzed in 2004; these two commodity groups comprised 79.5 % of the total number of domestic samples. In 2004, 98.2% of all domestic foods analyzed by FDA were in compliance with EPA's established residue tolerances and FDA formal action levels. The compliance rate for domestic foods for fiscal years 1996 to 2003 ranged from 97.6% to 99.3%.
Appendix A contains more detailed data on domestic monitoring findings by commodity, including the total number of samples analyzed, the percent samples with no residues detected, and the percent violative samples including the nature of the violation (over-tolerance vs. no tolerance). Of the 2,832 domestic samples, 58.6% had no detectable residues and 1.8% had violative residues. In the largest commodity groups, fruits and vegetables, 42.9 % and 61.9 % of the samples, respectively, had no residues detected; 1.2% of the fruit samples and 1.5% of the vegetable samples contained violative residues (Figure 1). In the grains and grain products group, 67.8 % of the samples had no residues detected, and 1.2 % had violative residues. In the fish/shellfish/other aquatic products group, 89.4% had no detectable residues, and no violative residues were found. In the milk/dairy products/eggs group, 91.8% of the samples had no residues detected, and no violative residues were found. In the "Other" foods group that covers nuts, seeds, beverages, and honey among other foods, 66.3 % of the samples had no residues detected and 16 violations (19.3%) were detected; all 16 violations were detected in ginseng-based dietary supplements as part of a "focused sampling" effort.
Findings by commodity group for the 5,073 import samples are shown in Figure 2. Fruits and vegetables accounted for 87.4 % of these samples. Overall for all imported foods, 94.5% of the samples analyzed were in compliance with EPA tolerances and FDA formal action levels. This compares with a compliance rate for imported foods for fiscal years 1996 to 2003 of 94.0 % to 98.4 %.
Appendix B contains detailed data on the import samples. Of the 5,073 samples analyzed, 66.4 % had no residues detected, while 5.5 % had violative residues. Fruits and vegetables had 61.1% and 65.4 % of samples analyzed, respectively, with no residues detected, and 5.6% and 5.7% of the samples had violative residues. No residues were found in 77.8% of the milk/dairy products/eggs group and in 86.0% of the fish/shellfish group, and no violative residues were found in either of these groups. In the grains and grain products group, 83.8% had no detectable residues, and 0.8 % of the samples had violative residues. In the "Other" foods group 66.4 % of the samples had no residues and 25 (7.7 %) had violative residues; the majority of the violations were found on spices and ginseng supplement products.
Figure 2 - Results of Import Samples by Commodity Group for FY 2004
Group Sample Totals: Grains & Grain Products, 130; Milk/Dairy/Eggs, 18; Fish/Shellfish, 167; Fruit, 1613; Vegetables, 2819; Other Foods, 326.
Pesticide monitoring data collected under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 2004 are available to the public as a computer database. This database summarizes FDA 2004 regulatory monitoring coverage and findings by country/commodity/pesticide combination. The database also includes the monitoring data by individual sample from which the summary information was compiled. Information on how to obtain this database as well as those for 1992-2003 is provided in the "Acknowledgments" section.
Domestic. A total of 2,832 domestic samples were collected in 2004 from 39 states. The largest numbers of samples were collected from those states that are the largest producers of fruits and vegetables. Table 1 lists numbers of domestic samples from each location, in descending order.
Note - for Table 1, domestic samples with no state recorded in the "Sample 2004" file were attributed through other documentation.
California | 350 | Wisconsin | 85 | Ohio | 33 | Massachusetts | 18 |
Washington | 268 | Indiana | 84 | Michigan | 32 | Maryland | 16 |
Florida | 261 | Virginia | 70 | Montana | 29 | Rhode Island | 16 |
Louisiana | 209 | Arizona | 60 | Nebraska | 26 | Georgia | 13 |
Minnesota | 167 | Texas | 59 | Wyoming | 25 | South Carolina | 10 |
New York | 152 | Iowa | 55 | North Carolina | 24 | Kentucky | 8 |
Oregon | 138 | Utah | 46 | North Dakota | 22 | Delaware | 4 |
Missouri | 134 | Kansas | 39 | Alaska | 21 | Oklahoma | 4 |
Idaho | 119 | Colorado | 36 | New Jersey | 20 | Maine | 1 |
Illinois | 116 | Pennsylvania | 34 | New Mexico | 19 |
Puerto Rico: 9 samples; no samples from 11 states that included Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Hawaii, Mississippi, New Hampshire, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia.
Imports. A total of 5,073 samples representing food shipments from 102 countries were collected in fiscal year 2004. Table 2 lists numbers of samples collected from each country. Mexico, as in the past, was the source of the largest number of samples, reflecting the volume and diversity of commodities imported from that country, especially during the winter months. Table 2A lists the countries of origin that had ten or fewer samples collected in fiscal year 2004.
Mexico | 1567 | Argentina | 33 |
China, Peoples Rep. | 515 | Brazil | 32 |
Canada | 375 | France | 28 |
Chile | 312 | Taiwan, Rep | 28 |
Netherlands | 278 | Egypt | 27 |
Dominican Republic | 226 | Jamaica | 27 |
India | 127 | Philippines | 25 |
Thailand | 113 | Honduras | 24 |
Guatemala | 110 | Bulgaria | 22 |
Peru | 92 | Iran | 22 |
Poland | 78 | Japan | 18 |
Israel | 75 | South Africa | 18 |
Spain | 74 | Pakistan | 15 |
Costa Rica | 73 | Trinidad & Tobago | 14 |
New Zealand | 72 | Australia | 13 |
Ecuador | 65 | Bosnia-Hercegovina | 13 |
Colombia | 48 | Greece | 13 |
Belgium | 47 | Indonesia | 13 |
Turkey | 45 | Haiti | 12 |
Vietnam | 37 | Saudi Arabia | 12 |
Italy | 36 | Russia | 11 |
Korea, Republic of (South) | 36 | (Countries w 10 or fewer) | (176 samples) |
Lebanon | 36 | (Unspecified ) * | (40 samples) |
* Samples with unspecified country of origin consisted primarily of U.S. Goods Returned (U.S. products originally exported and subsequently returned). An additional 15 samples reported as unspecified in Table "Sample 2004" were attributed to individual countries through other documentation and are reflected in the tables here.
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In FY 2004, 2,832 domestic and 5,073 import samples were collected and analyzed. Pesticide residues were detected in 41.4 % of the domestic samples and in 33.6 % of the import samples. The violation rate for domestic samples was 1.8% and 5.5 % for import samples. Among grains and grain products, the violation rate was 1.2 % for domestic samples and 0.8 % for imports. No violations were found in the milk/dairy products/eggs group or the fish/shellfish/other aquatic products group among either domestic or import samples. Of domestic fruit samples, 1.2% were violative; of imported fruit samples, 5.6% were violative. Of vegetables, 1.5% of domestic samples and 5.7% of import samples were violative. In the category "Other" (mostly nuts, edible seeds, honey, spices, and dietary supplements), the violation rates for domestic and import samples were 19.3 % and 7.7 %, respectively.
Of the domestic violative samples, eight of the 51 violations overall (15.7%) were for residues found to be over an established EPA tolerance or FDA formal action level. The balance, 43 (84.3%), were for residues found in foods with no established EPA tolerance. Of the import violative samples, 14 of 277 violations overall (5.1%), were for residues found to be over an established EPA tolerance or FDA formal action level. The balance of import violations, 263 (94.9%), were for residues found in foods with no established EPA tolerance.
Table 3 lists the 403 pesticides that were detectable by the methods used in FY 2004; each of the 157 pesticides that were actually found is indicated by an asterisk (*). Chemicals indicated by a (+) were not looked for by methods used in previous years, nor previously detected.
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1The list of pesticides detectable is expressed in terms of the parent pesticide. However, monitoring coverage and findings may have included metabolites, impurities, and alteration products.
2Some of these pesticides are no longer manufactured or registered for use in the United States.
3Chemicals indicated by a (+) were not looked for by methods used in previous years, nor detected.
In FY 2004, 578 feed samples (476 domestic surveillance and 102 import) were collected and analyzed for pesticides by the FDA (Table 4). Of the 476 domestic surveillance samples, 354 (74.4%) contained no detectable pesticide residues, 108 (22.7%) contained non-violative residues, and 14 (2.9%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance. Of the 102 import samples, 80 (78.4%) contained no detectable pesticide residues, 20 (19.6%) contained non-violative residues, and 2 (2.0%) contained a residue which exceeded regulatory guidance.
Eight domestic surveillance samples of corn exceeded regulatory guidance. Three corn samples from Ohio and one from Mississippi contained o-phenylphenol at levels ranging from .021 ppm to .105 ppm. The EPA has not established a tolerance for o-phenylphenol on corn in 40 CFR 180.129 (title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 180, section 129). Two corn samples from Kansas and one from Missouri contained methoxychlor at levels ranging from .035 ppm to .071 ppm. All the tolerances for methoxychlor in 40 CFR 180.120 were revoked by the EPA effective October 15, 2002. One corn sample from New York contained 0.224 ppm of chlorpyrifos-methyl. The EPA has not established a tolerance for chlorpyrifos-methyl on corn in 40 CFR 180.419.
Six other domestic surveillance samples of animal feed exceeded regulatory guidance. A sample of pistachio hulls from California contained 9.42 ppm of permethrin. This level exceeded the 0.1 ppm tolerance the EPA established in 40 CFR 180.378 for permethrin on pistachios. A soybean meal sample from Missouri contained gardona (tetrachlorvinphos) at 0.317 ppm. The EPA has not established a tolerance for gardona on soybeans in 40 CFR 180.252. A distiller's grain sample from Minnesota contained .043 ppm of biphenyl. All the tolerances for biphenyl in 40 CFR 180.141 were revoked by the EPA effective October 19, 1999. A sample of poultry litter from California contained .300 ppm of o-phenylphenol. Although o-phenylphenol has tolerances that range from 5 to 125 ppm on 22 different fruits and vegetables in 40 CFR 180.129, none of these 22 commodities would be expected in poultry litter. A sample of beet pulp pellets from Montana contained .101 ppm of CIPC (chlorpropham) and a sample of dry rendered tankage from Illinois contained .062 ppm of chlorpropham. The only tolerance established by the EPA for chlorpropham in 40 CFR 180.181 is on potatoes. The EPA established an interim tolerance for chlorpropham of 0.05 ppm in meat byproducts of cattle, hogs, horses, and sheep in 40 CFR 180.319.
Two import samples of animal feed exceeded regulatory guidance. Pelleted canola fines from Canada contained 4.40 ppm of malathion. The EPA has not established a tolerance for malathion on canola or rapeseed in 40 CFR 180.111. A sample of pet bird food (chili peppers) that was manufactured in India and shipped from Canada contained 0.867 ppm of ethion. The only tolerances established for ethion in 40 CFR 180.173 are on animal by-products and citrus fruit.
In the 122 domestic surveillance and 22 import samples of animal feed in which one or more pesticides were detected, there were 201 residues (165 quantifiable and 36 trace). Malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpropham, DDE + TDE + DDT, and ethoxyquin were the most frequently found and accounted for 65.2% of all residues detected (Table 5).
Type of Feed | # of Samples | Samples with No Pesticide Residues |
Samples Exceeding Regulatory Guidance | ||
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# | % | # | % | ||
Whole/Ground Grains | 237 | 191 | 80.6 | 8 | 3.4 |
Plant By-products | 167 | 127 | 76.0 | 5 | 3.0 |
Mixed Feed Rations | 97 | 65 | 67.0 | 1 | 1.0 |
Animal By-products | 34 | 25 | 73.5 | 1 | 2.9 |
Hay & Hay Products | 22 | 15 | 68.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
Supplements/Misc. | 21 | 11 | 52.4 | 1 | 4.8 |
TOTALS | 578 | 434 | (75.1) | 16 | (2.8) |
Pesticide | Number of Samples with | |||
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Trace1 Amounts |
Quantifiable Levels |
Range2 (ppm) |
Median2 (ppm) | |
Malathion | 5 | 55 | 0.007 - 4.40 | 0.082 |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | 6 | 22 | 0.019 - 1.32 | 0.056 |
Chlorpropham | 0 | 16 | 0.015 - 0.541 | 0.098 |
DDE+TDE+DDT | 3 | 12 | 0.002 - 0.030 | 0.008 |
Ethoxyquin3 | 0 | 12 | 0.058 - 11.0 | 0.583 |
Permethrin | 4 | 4 | 0.200 - 9.42 | 0.540 |
Methoxychlor (p,p’+o,p’) | 5 | 3 | 0.035 - 0.071 | 0.063 |
Diazinon | 1 | 6 | 0.016 - 0.162 | 0.062 |
Chlorpyrifos | 2 | 5 | 0.015 - 0.090 | 0.036 |
Pirimiphos-methyl | 3 | 3 | 0.087 - 0.330 | 0.183 |
Phenylphenol-o | 0 | 5 | 0.021 - 0.300 | 0.049 |
DEF | 2 | 3 | 0.056 - 0.131 | 0.115 |
Phosmet | 0 | 3 | 0.400 - 1.00 | 0.400 |
Ethion | 1 | 2 | 0.049 - 0.867 | |
Endosulfan (sulfate + I) | 2 | 1 | 0.010 | |
All others4 | 2 | 13 | 0.010 - 1.70 | 0.043 |
1 The residue found is below the level that is normally quantifiable, but its presence and identity are known.
2 Found in samples containing quantifiable levels.
3 3 Ethoxyquin is approved as a pesticide (plant regulator) at levels up to 3 ppm in 40 CFR 180.178. Ethoxyquin is also a feed additive anti-oxidant) that is approved at levels up to 150 ppm in a finished article (21 CFR 573.380).
4 N=2 for azoxystrobin (.020 and 0.200 ppm) and gardona (.024 and .317 ppm); n=1 for atrazine (.013 ppm), azinphos-methyl (1.70 ppm), biphenyl (.043 ppm), cyfluthrin (.053 ppm), cyprodinil (trace), DCPA (trace), dieldrin (.018 ppm), iprodione (.560 ppm), metolachlor (.013 ppm), parathion-methyl (.045 ppm), and trifluralin (.010 ppm).
As previously described, FDA conducts "focused sampling" by means of short-term, regulatory based, field assignments.
In FY 2004 two field assignments for pesticide residues were issued. The first was "Sample Collection and Analysis of Dietary Supplement Ginseng for Pesticides," which was issued as regulatory follow-up for domestic marketed ginseng supplements suspected of pesticide residue violations. This assignment was related to an assignment issued in FY 2003, "Pesticides in Imported Bulk Ginseng and Domestic Ginseng Dietary Supplements." The FY 2003 assignment was noted in "FDA's Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring Report 2003."
The results of the combined FY 2003 and 2004 ginseng assignments are as follows:
Imports:
Domestic:
The second field assignment was "Sample Collection and Analysis of Imported Dietary Supplements and Botanical Products for Pesticides and Toxic Elements" which included non-ginseng products Citrus aurantium, milk thistle, echinacea, and saw palmetto.
As a result of the second assignment, 21 samples were collected and analyzed, consisting of milk thistle (10 samples), Cirtus aurantium (6), echinacea (3), and saw palmetto (2). No violative residues were found in any of the samples. Some of these sample analyses carried over into FY 2005, but the results have been consolidated here.
Detailed results for samples for both assignments can be found in the Access database tables provided on FDA's internet website (see "Acknowledgments" section) . The tables accompany this FY 2004 narrative report on the web. The database tables for FY 2003 (ginseng) and 2005 (imported dietary supplements) are also available on that site.
Of the over 300 chemicals that can be determined for the analytical methods used, residues of 97 individual compounds were found in the foods analyzed in the four market baskets reported for FY 2004 (Market Baskets 03-4, 04-1, 04-2, and 04-3). The 97 individual compounds detected consisted of 71 parent pesticides of which 31 had one or more related compounds (e.g., isomers, metabolites) detected as well.
Table 6 lists the 25 most frequently found residues (i.e., those found in 2% or more of the samples) in the TDS foods other than infant and toddler foods, the total number of findings, and the percent occurrence in the four market baskets analyzed in 2004 (916 total samples). The five most frequently observed chemicals were: DDT, malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, endosulfan, and dieldrin, and are the same as those observed for the past several years. The levels of these and other residues listed in Table 6 were typically below regulatory limits.
The TDS program also collects and analyzes infant and toddler foods. Table 7 provides the frequency of occurrence in FY 2004 of the 23 pesticide residues (found in 2% or more of these samples in the four collections of these foods which totaled 228 samples), and the ranges of levels found.
Pesticide1 | Total No. of Findings | Occurrence, %2 | Range, ppm |
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DDT | 227 | 25 | 0.0001 - 0.088 |
Malathion | 179 | 20 | 0.0003 - 0.289 |
Chlorpyrifos methyl | 157 | 17 | 0.0001 - 0.039 |
Endosulfan | 142 | 16 | 0.0001 - 0.072 |
Dieldrin | 118 | 13 | 0.0001 - 0.020 |
Chlorpyrifos | 74 | 8 | 0.0001 - 0.023 |
Chlorpropham | 57 | 6 | 0.0004 - 2.770 |
Thiabendazole3 | 52 | 6 | 0.001 - 0.576 |
Carbaryl4 | 43 | 5 | 0.001 - 0.096 |
Permethrin | 38 | 4 | 0.0003 - 2.340 |
Methamidophos | 36 | 4 | 0.0008 - 0.648 |
Quintozene | 30 | 3 | 0.0001 - 0.026 |
Dimethoate | 30 | 3 | 0.0004 - 0.014 |
Phenylphenol, o- | 26 | 3 | 0.005 - 0.629 |
Lindane | 25 | 3 | 0.0001 - 0.002 |
Acephate | 24 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.429 |
Pirimiphos methyl | 24 | 3 | 0.0004 - 0.052 |
Ethion | 22 | 2 | 0.0002 - 0.0074 |
Dichloran | 22 | 2 | 0.0002 - 0.231 |
Toxaphene | 19 | 2 | 0.001 - 0.049 |
Dicamba5 | 19 | 2 | 0.0002 - 0.006 |
Heptachlor | 18 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.0009 |
2,4-D5 | 18 | 2 | 0.0002 - 0.016 |
Cypermethrin | 17 | 2 | 0.0007 - 1.110 |
Hexachlorobenzene | 17 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.002 |
1 Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are included with the 'parent' pesticide.
2 Based on 916 total samples analyzed from 4 market baskets. The "% incidence" represents the incidence of detected residues of that pesticide in the TDS foods overall. See 3-5 and the "Notes" below.
3 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 63-67 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 264 total samples) were analyzed for Benzimidazole fungicides.
4 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 81-82 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 327 total samples) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates.
5 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 16 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 64 total samples) were analyzed for Chlorophenoxy acids.
Notes 3,4,5: In the TDS, only selected foods are analyzed for the residue(s) noted. Those selected represent foods that have registered uses for the chemicals, or otherwise have a meaningful possibility of containing the chemicals, based on FDA monitoring data, knowledge of pesticide usage, or knowledge of residue chemistry.
Pesticide1 | Total No. of Findings | Occurrence, %2 | Range, ppm |
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Carbaryl3 | 38 | 17 | 0.001 - 0.051 |
Thiabendazole4 | 30 | 13 | 0.001 - 0.326 |
DDT | 26 | 11 | 0.001 - 0.009 |
Endosulfan | 18 | 8 | 0.0002 - 0.0046 |
Permethrin | 17 | 7 | 0.0005 - 0.036 |
Malathion | 17 | 7 | 0.0005 - 0.057 |
Dieldrin | 16 | 7 | 0.0001 - 0.033 |
Chlorpropham | 14 | 6 | 0.0008 - 0.019 |
Chlorpyrifos methyl | 12 | 5 | 0.0006 - 0.025 |
Benomyl4 | 12 | 5 | 0.010 - 0.031 |
Chlorpyrifos | 11 | 5 | 0.0002 - 0.001 |
Ethylenethiourea5 | 10 | 4 | 0.002 - 0.011 |
Phenylphenol, o- | 9 | 4 | 0.003 - 0.103 |
Dimethoate | 8 | 4 | 0.0005 - 0.012 |
Phosmet | 8 | 4 | 0.004 - 0.056 |
Quinclorac6 | 7 | 3 | 0.0004 - 0.001 |
Diphenylamine | 7 | 3 | 0.003 - 0.032 |
Primiphos methyl | 6 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.011 |
Omethoate | 5 | 2 | 0.002 - 0.026 |
Iprodione | 5 | 2 | 0.001 - 0.014 |
Biphenyl | 4 | 2 | 0.002 - 0.002 |
Methamidophos | 4 | 2 | 0.002 - 0.019 |
Azinphos-methyl | 4 | 2 | 0.001 - 0.007 |
1 Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are included with the 'parent' pesticide.
2 Based on 228 total TDS "infant and toddler food" samples analyzed overall from 4 market baskets.
3 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 33-38 selected "infant and toddler foods" per market basket (i.e. 147 total samples) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates.
4 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 32-38 selected "baby foods" per market basket (i.e. 146 total samples) were analyzed for Benzimidazoles.
5 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 28-31 selected "baby foods" per market basket (i.e. 121 total samples) were analyzed for Ethylenethiourea.
6 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 7 selected "baby foods" per market basket (i.e. 28 total samples) were analyzed for Chlorophenoxy acids.
Notes 3-6: In the TDS, not all "infant and toddler foods," but only selected ones are analyzed for the residue(s) noted. Those selected represent foods that have registered uses for the chemicals, or otherwise have a meaningful possibility of containing the chemicals, based on FDA monitoring data, knowledge of pesticide usage, and/or knowledge of residue chemistry.
A total of 7,905 samples of domestically produced food and imported food from 102 countries were analyzed for pesticide residues in FY 2004. No residues were found in 58.6 % of domestic and 66.4 % of import samples (Figure 3) analyzed under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in 2004. Violative residue levels were found in 1.8 % of domestic and 5.5% of import samples. The findings for 2004 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in foods are generally well below EPA tolerances, corroborating results presented in earlier reports .
FDA also collected and analyzed 476 domestic and 102 import animal feed samples for pesticides. No residues were found in 74.4 % of the domestic feed samples and 78.4 % of the import feed samples.
Figure 3 - Summary of Results of Domestic vs. Import Samples
In FY 2004, the types of pesticide residues found and their frequency of occurrence in the TDS were generally consistent with those in previous FDA reports. The pesticide residue levels found were well below regulatory standards. Results of baby foods tested in FY 2004 (and earlier years) also provide evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in these foods.
Commodity Group | Total Samples Analyzed |
Samples With No Residues % |
Samples Violative1 % |
Violations Over Tolerance # |
Violations No Tolerance # | |
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A. Grains and Grain Products |
Barley & barley products | 19 | 78.9 | 5.3 | 12 | 0 |
Corn & corn products | 40 | 82.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oats & oat products | 6 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Rice & rice products | 32 | 81.2 | 9.4 | 0 | 3 | |
Soybeans & soybean products | 21 | 90.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Wheat & wheat products | 179 | 54.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other grains & grain products | 11 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breakfast cereals | 10 | 100 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bakery products, crackers, etc. | 8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 326 | 67.8 | 1.2 | 1 | 3 | |
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
Cheese & cheese products | 27 | 85.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Eggs | 12 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Milk/cream & milk products | 10 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 49 | 91.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
C. Fish/Shellfish/Other Aquatic Products |
Fish and Fish Products | 85 | 89.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Shellfish & Crustaceans | 26 | 92.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Aquaculture Seafood | 12 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 123 | 89.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
D. Fruits | Blackberries | 15 | 40.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Blueberries | 18 | 55.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Boysenberries | 1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cranberries | 8 | 62.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Currants | 5 | 0.0 | 100.03 | 0 | 5 | |
Grapes, raisins | 15 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Raspberries | 11 | 54.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Strawberries | 55 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapefruit | 14 | 35.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lemons | 19 | 21.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oranges | 177 | 54.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other citrus fruit | 10 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apples | 194 | 35.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pears | 34 | 44.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other core fruit | 1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apricots | 13 | 15.4 | 7.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Avocadoes | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cherries | 38 | 13.1 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | |
Nectarines | 8 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peaches | 89 | 21.3 | 1.1 | 0 | 1 | |
Plums | 12 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other pit fruit | 1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bananas, plantains | 6 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Papaya | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pineapple | 1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cantaloupe | 18 | 33.3 | 5.6 | 0 | 1 | |
Watermelon | 18 | 94.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other melons | 12 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruits | 15 | 53.3 | 6.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Apple juice | 37 | 67.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Orange juice | 6 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruit juices | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fruit jams/jellies/pastes/toppings | 8 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 868 | 42.9 | 1.2 | 1 | 9 | |
E. Vegetables | Corn | 65 | 95.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) | 18 | 83.3 | 11.1 | 0 | 2 | |
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) | 88 | 61.4 | 1.1 | 0 | 1 | |
Other beans & peas & products | 86 | 82.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cucumbers | 54 | 61.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Eggplant | 13 | 92.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Okra | 6 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peppers, hot | 11 | 45.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peppers, sweet | 52 | 55.8 | 3.8 | 0 | 2 | |
Squash/pumpkins | 92 | 55.4 | 2.2 | 1 | 1 | |
Tomatoes | 115 | 54.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruiting vegetables | 4 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Asparagus | 19 | 89.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage | 7 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Broccoli | 27 | 70.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cabbage | 78 | 80.8 | 1.3 | 0 | 1 | |
Cauliflower | 9 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Celery | 13 | 46.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Collards | 13 | 23.1 | 15.4 | 0 | 2 | |
Endive | 8 | 25.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kale | 7 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, head | 21 | 47.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, leaf | 55 | 38.2 | 1.8 | 0 | 1 | |
Mustard greens | 12 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spinach | 23 | 52.2 | 4.3 | 0 | 1 | |
Other leaf & stem vegetables | 27 | 55.6 | 11.1 | 0 | 3 | |
Mushrooms and Truffles | 6 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Carrots | 77 | 44.2 | 2.6 | 0 | 2 | |
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots | 58 | 87.9 | 1.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Potatoes | 129 | 43.4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Radishes | 13 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Red beets | 15 | 93.3 | 6.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Sweet potatoes | 42 | 59.5 | 2.4 | 1 | 0 | |
Turnips | 15 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other root & tuber vegetables | 23 | 52.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vegetables, dried or paste | 42 | 85.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other vegetables/vegetable products | 40 | 62.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 1383 | 61.9 | 1.5 | 2 | 19 | |
F. Other | Almonds | 5 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Beverages & water | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ginseng (including teas) | 24 | 8.3 | 66.74 | 4 | 12 | |
Honey & other sweeteners | 16 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peanuts | 4 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pecans | 6 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spices, condiments, & flavors | 5 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other nuts, edible seeds | 11 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Multiple foods (dinners, soup) | 3 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nonfood items (animal feed) | 5 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 83 | 66.3 | 19.3 | 4 | 12 | |
Total A-F: | 2832 | 58.6 | 1.8 | 8 | 43 |
1 Includes samples with residues over an established tolerance or action level, and samples with residues that have no established tolerance for the commodity.
2 Residue exceeded an action level rather than a tolerance.
3 "Currants" violations - Consisted of a single episode, i.e., includes 4 follow-up compliance samples collected from same dealer and grower after a single surveillance sample was found to contain an unapproved pesticide.
4 Ginseng violations - all were dietary supplements; 7 of 16 violations were of U.S. products containing ginseng of foreign origin. Three samples in violation contained both residues exceeding an action level and residues with no tolerance, and are reported here as "Violations Over Tolerance".
Commodity Group | Total Samples Analyzed |
Samples Without Residues % |
Samples Violative1 % |
Violations Over Tolerance # |
Violations No Tolerance # | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Grains and Grain Products |
Barley & barley products | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Corn & corn products | 3 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oats & oat products | 9 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Rice & rice products | 35 | 88.6 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 | |
Wheat & wheat products | 19 | 79.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other grains & grain products | 22 | 81.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breakfast cereals | 8 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bakery products, crackers, snack foods, etc. | 15 | 93.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pasta and noodles | 15 | 73.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 130 | 83.8 | 0.8 | 1 | 0 | |
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
Cheese & cheese products | 2 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Eggs | 11 | 63.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Milk/cream & milk products | 5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 18 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
C. Fish/Shellfish/Other Aquatic Products |
Fish and Fish Products | 122 | 82.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Crustaceans | 7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Aquaculture Fish & Shellfish | 36 | 97.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other Aquatic Animals & Products | 2 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 167 | 86.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
D. Fruits | Blackberries | 45 | 37.8 | 6.7 | 0 | 3 |
Blueberries | 64 | 79.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cranberries | 5 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapes, raisins | 78 | 37.2 | 3.8 | 1 | 2 | |
Raspberries | 69 | 46.4 | 1.4 | 0 | 1 | |
Strawberries | 121 | 47.1 | 5.0 | 0 | 6 | |
Other berries | 15 | 66.7 | 20.0 | 0 | 3 | |
Clementines | 4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapefruit | 7 | 85.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lemons | 5 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Limes | 4 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oranges | 19 | 63.2 | 5.3 | 0 | 1 | |
Other citrus fruit | 3 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apples | 47 | 44.7 | 2.1 | 0 | 1 | |
Pears | 46 | 67.4 | 2.2 | 0 | 1 | |
Other pome fruit | 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apricots | 12 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Avocadoes | 18 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cherries | 38 | 34.2 | 10.5 | 0 | 4 | |
Dates | 12 | 75.0 | 8.3 | 0 | 1 | |
Nectarines | 16 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Olives | 27 | 70.4 | 3.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Peaches | 21 | 38.1 | 4.8 | 0 | 1 | |
Plums | 33 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Other pit fruit | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ackees, lychees, longans | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bananas, plantains | 39 | 79.5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breadfruit & jackfruit | 14 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Figs | 3 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Guavas | 2 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Kiwi fruit | 10 | 80.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Passion fruit | 10 | 90.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Mangoes | 54 | 88.9 | 1.9 | 0 | 1 | |
Papaya | 104 | 35.6 | 16.3 | 1 | 16 | |
Pineapple | 31 | 54.8 | 3.2 | 0 | 1 | |
Other sub-tropical fruit | 53 | 64.2 | 15.1 | 1 | 7 | |
Bitter melon | 12 | 41.2 | 25.0 | 0 | 3 | |
Cantaloupe | 16 | 18.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Honeydew | 26 | 42.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Watermelon | 17 | 70.6 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other melons | 6 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Other fruits | 17 | 76.5 | 5.9 | 0 | 1 | |
Apple juice | 56 | 92.9 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Citrus juice | 16 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruit juices | 138 | 83.3 | 1.4 | 0 | 2 | |
Fruit jams /jellies/pastespulp/toppings | 271 | 70.8 | 5.9 | 1 2 | 25 | |
Total | 1613 | 61.1 | 5.6 | 4 | 86 | |
E. Vegetables | Corn | 36 | 97.2 | 2.8 | 0 | 1 |
Mung beans & mung bean sprouts | 15 | 73.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) | 105 | 69.5 | 13.3 | 1 | 13 | |
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) | 125 | 51.2 | 8.0 | 1 | 9 | |
Other beans, corn, peas & their products | 146 | 77.4 | 6.2 | 13 | 8 | |
Cucumbers | 113 | 50.4 | 5.3 | 0 | 6 | |
Eggplant | 73 | 84.9 | 5.5 | 0 | 4 | |
Okra | 25 | 80.0 | 16.0 | 0 | 4 | |
Peppers, hot | 252 | 52.8 | 8.7 | 0 | 22 | |
Peppers, sweet | 280 | 62.5 | 5.7 | 1 | 15 | |
Squash/pumpkins | 162 | 40.1 | 1.9 | 0 | 3 | |
Tomatoes | 189 | 70.4 | 2.1 | 0 | 4 | |
Tomatillo (husk tomato) | 21 | 61.9 | 4.8 | 0 | 1 | |
Other fruiting vegetables | 53 | 75.5 | 11.3 | 0 | 6 | |
Artichokes | 12 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Asparagus | 89 | 89.9 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bamboo shoots | 5 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage | 14 | 64.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Broccoli | 53 | 66.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cabbage | 16 | 68.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cauliflower | 19 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Celery | 24 | 33.3 | 8.3 | 0 | 2 | |
Chicory leaf, Withloof | 10 | 90.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Collards | 1 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Endive | 7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kale | 13 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, head | 12 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, leaf | 13 | 30.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mustard greens | 6 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Radicchio | 7 | 85.7 | 14.3 | 0 | 1 | |
Spinach | 25 | 52.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Brussel sprouts | 30 | 83.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other leaf & stem vegetables | 124 | 71.8 | 12.9 | 12,3 | 15 | |
Mushrooms and Truffles | 35 | 91.4 | 2.9 | 0 | 1 | |
Carrots | 36 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cassava | 12 | 91.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Garlic | 11 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots | 196 | 56.1 | 2.6 | 0 | 5 | |
Potatoes | 32 | 62.5 | 6.2 | 1 | 1 | |
Radishes | 35 | 37.1 | 2.9 | 0 | 1 | |
Red beets | 10 | 40.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Sweet potatoes/yams | 20 | 90.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Turnips | 4 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Water chestnuts | 13 | 84.6 | 15.4 | 0 | 2 | |
Other root & tuber vegetables | 46 | 78.3 | 13.0 | 0 | 6 | |
Vegetables with sauce | 17 | 94.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vegetables, dried or paste | 227 | 73.1 | 6.2 | 12 | 13 | |
Other vegetables/vegetable products | 50 | 72.0 | 16.0 | 0 | 8 | |
Total | 2819 | 65.4 | 5.7 | 7 | 154 | |
F. Other | Cashews | 16 | 93.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
Pecans | 10 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peanuts & peanut products | 7 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soybeans | 7 | 57.1 | 28.6 | 0 | 2 | |
Other nuts & nut products | 12 | 91.2 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Edible seeds & seed products | 28 | 89.3 | 3.6 | 0 | 1 | |
Vegetable oils | 4 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spices & condiments & flavors | 62 | 67.7 | 14.5 | 1 2 | 8 | |
Beverages & water | 17 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Beverage bases | 11 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Coffee/tea/wine/liquor | 7 | 85.7 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Honey | 46 | 97.8 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other sweetners | 6 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Baby foods/formula | 17 | 88.2 | 5.9 | 0 | 1 | |
Ginseng (dietary supplements) | 18 | 11.1 | 55.6 | 1 2 | 9 | |
Other supplements/botanicals/teas | 42 | 74.5 | 4.8 | 0 | 2 | |
Other food products, incl. prepared/multiple foods | 13 | 92.3 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nonfood items | 3 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 326 | 82.8 | 7.7 | 2 | 23 | |
Total A-F | 5073 | 66.4 | 5.5 | 14 | 263 |
1 Includes samples with residues over an established tolerance or action level, and samples with residues that have no established tolerance for the commodity.
2 Sample contained both an over tolerance residue and one or more no tolerance residue(s).
3 Residue exceeded an action level rather than a tolerance.
FDA Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring 2004-2006 August 1, 2008