Technology Review - Published By MIT
Advertisement
[1] 2 Next »

Monday, January 12, 2009

GM to Build Its Own Batteries

Just as the company makes engines, it will now make battery packs for electric cars.

By Kevin Bullis

smaller text tool iconmedium text tool iconlarger text tool icon
Batteries included: This Chevrolet Volt Chassis is cut away to show the battery-pack electronics.
Credit: GM

General Motors (GM) is getting into the battery-making business. On Monday, the company confirmed early speculation that LG Chem, based in Korea, will supply lithium-ion batteries for its Volt electric vehicle, which is due out next year. But GM also announced that it intends to start manufacturing battery packs itself, noting that battery manufacturing will be central to its business going forward.

The Chevrolet Volt is an electric vehicle that runs on batteries charged from an ordinary power outlet for trips shorter than 40 miles. For longer journeys, an onboard gasoline or ethanol-powered generator will recharge the battery. Two battery companies, LG Chem and A123 Systems, based in Watertown, MA, have been in the running to supply the key component of a battery pack--the individual battery cells--for the Volt. Hundreds of such cells must be wired together and paired with control electronics to create the car's 16-kilowatt-hour battery pack.

Initially, cells from LG Chem will be assembled into battery packs by a subsidiary of LG Chem: Compact Power, based in Troy, MI. But once a new manufacturing plant is built, GM itself will assemble cells into battery packs, according to Monday's announcement. Bob Kruse, GM's executive director of North American Engineering Operations, says that the decision to make batteries is much like GM's decision to make its own engines because the technology is vital to the company's future success.

GM's decision is part of a strategic shift by the company toward the electrification of its automobiles, which will range from cars that rely on electric motors and batteries for brief bursts of power to those that run on electricity alone. (See our infographic comparing different electric-vehicle technologies.) "The design, development and production of advanced batteries must be a core competency for GM, and we've been rapidly building our capability and resources to support this direction," Rick Wagoner, GM's CEO, said in the announcement. "This is a further demonstration of our commitment to the electrification of the automobile."

The company also plans to increase its in-house battery development by building a 31,000-square-foot battery lab and hiring hundreds of battery engineers. GM is also working with a battery-engineering program at the University of Michigan to train new engineers. The lack of qualified and experienced battery engineers in the United States has been one of the big challenges facing battery startups such as A123 Systems. Most advanced battery production takes place in Asia, and this could hold back a switch from conventional vehicles to electric ones in the United States.

[1] 2 Next »

Comments

  • Most Energy Efficient Plug In
    mkogrady on 01/13/2009 at 12:43 PM
    Posts:
    132
    Avg Rating:
    3/5
    The most energy efficient plug in vehicle made is a laptop computer and a high speed internet connection. It's so efficient that Congress won't pass laws mandating Telecommunting as a National Priority. Telecommuting policies won't use too much of the 2007 Energy Independence Act funds either.

    Telecommuting matters in a power hungary world!

    www.digitalfuel.org
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • Vulvox research program
    protn7 on 01/13/2009 at 1:44 PM
    Posts:
    43
    Avg Rating:
    2/5
    Vulvox has begun experiments on lithium ion batteries with unprecedented energy storage capacity; 42 kwh/kg. They also take advantage of inexpensive processes of manufacturing silicon nanowires. Our breakthrough batteries will store as much energy per unit weight as fuel cells and will be used in the growing fleet of plug in hybrid vehicles. Our R&D program has been underway for several years. Vulvox is developing a comparable battery that will cost much less to manufacture, and we've been in the race to develop a super lithium ion battery for some time now. Our research was based on the same theoretical foundations as the research at Stanford. Our patent pending carbon nanotube adhesive material has shown properties such as ultra high porosity; necessary to manufacture ultracapacitors and it might be useful as electrode material for lithium ion batteries also.
    HTTP://VULVOX.TRIPOD.COM



    Rate this comment: 12345
  • Volt
    RogerB34 on 01/13/2009 at 10:51 PM
    Posts:
    5
    Avg Rating:
    2/5
    The Volt is designed to be an EV for (hopefully) 40 miles then ICE power to the electric motor.   The primary purpose of the ICE is to power the motor and not to charge the battery. Battery charge is only incidental. A 1.4L engine to power a 2900 lb car? Magic EE.
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: Volt
      jadamone on 01/15/2009 at 7:09 PM
      Posts:
      3
      Avg Rating:
      3/5
      RogerB34 you are "mistaken" the Volt ICE is only used to charge the battery which supplies electricity for the electric motor, http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-10053541-48.html . A turbocharged version will be used to power wheels of the GM Cruze. The Volt does not have a transmission. It works like a variable speed drill's electric motor.
      Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: Volt
      tomgarven on 01/16/2009 at 12:09 AM
      Posts:
      3
      Avg Rating:
      1/5
      It is quite understandable that people believe it takes quite a bit of power to achieve good performance and if you want a high performance sports type vehicle you might be right.  But all the Volt gas engine does is turn a generator that keeps the batteries charged which in turn runs an electric motor.

      Here is another way to look at it.  As you drive your normal car down the road you are only using about 1/4 of it's available power.  For example a 150 hp gas engine is producing about 37 h.p. which is enough on flat level ground. Of course this varies with wind resistance, highway conditions, number of starts and stops, weight of car, etc. 

      Given that same car then 37 h.p. is enough for level ground but we need a little extra for the Volt for hills, stop and go and other conditions like 0-60 mph runs in 10 seconds.  So we will have a smaller engine that produces maybe 50-70 h.p. which should be enough to keep the batteries charged no matter what we do. 

      This is why electric vehicles are so exciting.  You can use a much smaller engine running at it's most efficient power range and convert that power to electrical energy to power the vehicle. We will no longer need 150 h.p. gas engines which are over powered for most conditions and underpowered for some.  Hope this helps explain things. 
      Rate this comment: 12345
Advertisement

Current Issue

Technology Review January/February 2009
Lifeline for Renewable Power
Without a radically expanded and smarter electrical grid, wind and solar will remain niche power sources.
•  Subscribe
Save 41%
•  Table of Contents
•  MIT News

Magazine Services

Career Resources

MIT Technology Insider

Stories and breaking news from inside MIT about the latest research, innovations, and startups--in a convenient monthly e-newsletter. Subscribe today
Advertisement

Follow us on Twitter

Twitter

Get Technology Review updates via the web, cellphone, or Instant Messager – Follow techreview on Twitter!

Advertisement

More Technology News from Forbes

Advertisement
TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES
Advertisement
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology