Figure 16-2. Disparities Table for Focus Area 16: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health

Midcourse Review > Table of Contents > Focus Area 16: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health > Disparities Table

Disparities from the best group rate for each characteristic at the most recent data point and changes in disparity from the baseline to the most recent data point.

Race and Ethnicity | Gender and Education | Income, Location, and Disability

Characteristics: Gender and Education
Population-based objectives	Female	Male	Less than high school	High school graduate	At least some college	Summary index
16-1a. Fetal deaths: 20+ weeks gestation (1997, 2002)
16-1b. Perinatal deaths: 28 weeks gestation to < 7 days after birth (1997, 2002)
16-1c. Infant deaths (1998, 2002)
16-1d. Neonatal deaths (1998, 2002)
16-1e. Postneonatal deaths (1998, 2002)
16-1f. Infant deaths due to birth defects (1999, 2002)
16-1g. Infant deaths due to congenital heart defects (1999, 2002)
16-1h. Infant deaths due to sudden infant death syndrome (1999, 2002)
16-2a. Child deaths: 1-4 years (1998, 2002)
16-2b. Child deaths: 5-9 years (1998, 2002)
16-3a. Adolescent deaths: 10-14 years (1998, 2002)
16-3b. Adolescent deaths: 15-19 years (1998, 2002)
16-3c. Young adult deaths: 20-24 years (1998, 2002)
16-4. Maternal deaths (1999, 2002)
16-5a. Maternal complications during hospitalized labor and delivery (1998, 2002)
16-6a. Prenatal care: first trimester (1998, 2002)
16-6b. Prenatal care: early and adequate (1998, 2002)
16-7. Pregnant women attending childbirth classes (2000)
16-9a. Cesarean births to low-risk women: primary (1998, 2002)
16-9b. Cesarean births to low-risk women: repeat (1998, 2002)
16-10a. Low birth weight (LBW) infants (1998, 2002)
16-10b. Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (1998, 2002)
16-11a. Preterm births: < 37 weeks gestation (1998, 2002)
16-11b. Preterm births: 32-36 weeks gestation (1998, 2002)
16-11c. Preterm births: < 32 weeks gestation (1998, 2002)
16-13. Infants put to sleep on their backs (1996, 2004)
16-14a. Mental retardation: 8 years (1991-94, 1996)
16-14b. Cerebral palsy: 8 years (1991-94, 1996)
16-14c. Autism spectrum disorder: 8 years (1996)
16-16a. Folic acid consumption: nonpregnant females 15-44 years (1991-94)
16-16b. Median RBC folate level: nonpregnant females 15-44 years (1991-94, 1999-2002)
16-17a. Pregnant women abstaining from alcohol in past month: 15-44 years (2002-03)
16-17b.Pregnant women abstaining from binge drinking in past month (2002-03)
16-17c. Pregnant women abstaining from cigarette smoking during pregnancy: 15-44 years (1998, 2002)
16-17d. Pregnant women abstaining from illicit drug use in past month: 15-44 years (2002-03)
16-18. Fetal alcohol syndrome (1995-97)
16-19a. Breastfeeding: early post partum period (1998, 2002)
16-19b. Breastfeeding: at 6 months (1998, 2002)
16-19c. Breastfeeding: at 1 year (1998, 2002)
16-19d. Exclusive breastfeeding: at 3 months (2002)
16-19e. Exclusive breastfeeding: at 6 months (2002)
16-21. Sickle cell hospitalizations: ≤ 9 years (1995-99)
16-23. Service systems: < 18 years with special health care needs (2001)

Notes:

Data for objectives 16-8, 16-12, 16-15, 16-20a and b, and 16-22 are unavailable or not applicable. Objectives 16-5b and c, 16-14d, and 16-20c were deleted at the midcourse.

Years in parentheses represent the baseline data year and the most recent data year (if available).

Disparity from the best group rate is defined as the percent difference between the best group rate and each of the other group rates for a characteristic (for example, race and ethnicity). The summary index is the average of these percent differences for a characteristic. Change in disparity is estimated by subtracting the disparity at baseline from the disparity at the most recent data point. Change in the summary index is estimated by subtracting the summary index at baseline from the summary index at the most recent data point. See Technical Appendix for more information.

The best group rate at the most recent data point.

The group with
the best rate
for specified characteristic.

Most favorable group rate for specified characteristic, but reliability criterion not met.

Best group rate reliability criterion not met.

Percent difference from the best group rate

Disparity from the best group rate at the most recent data point.

Less than 10 percent or not statistically significant

10-49 percent

50-99 percent

100 percent or more

Increase in disparity (percentage points)

Changes in disparity over time are shown when the change is greater than or equal to 10 percentage points and statistically significant, or when the change is greater than or equal to 10 percentage points and estimates of variability were not available.

10-49

50-99

100 or more

Decrease in disparity (percentage points)

10-49

50-99

100 or more

Availability of data.

Data not available.

Characteristic not selected for this objective.

^* The variability of best group rates was assessed, and disparities of ≥ 10% are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Changes in disparity over time, noted with arrows, are statistically significant at the 0.05 level. See Technical Appendix.
^† Measures of variability were not available. Thus, the variability of best group rates was not assessed, and the statistical significance of disparities and changes in disparity over time could not be tested. See Technical Appendix.
¹Data are for Asians or Pacific Islanders.
² Data include persons of Hispanic origin.
³ Data are for Mexican Americans.
⁴ Education levels: grade school or less, some high school or high school graduate, and at least some college.

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