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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
Photo: University of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
half 1/2 of the prize quarter 1/4 of the prize quarter 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago
Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University
Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921
(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940

Titles, data and places given above refer to the time of the award.