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1-1 | Persons with health insurance |
1-2 | Health insurance coverage for clinical preventive services |
1-3 | Counseling about health behaviors |
1-3a | Physical activity or exercise |
1-3b | Diet and nutrition |
1-3c | Smoking cessation |
1-3d | Reduced alcohol consumption |
1-3e | Childhood injury prevention: vehicle restraints and bicycle helmets |
1-3f | Unintended pregnancy |
1-3g | Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases |
1-3h | Management of menopause |
1-4 | Source of ongoing care |
1-4a | All ages |
1-4b | Children and youth aged 17 years and under |
1-4c | Adults aged 18 years and older |
1-5 | Usual primary care provider |
1-6 | Difficulties or delays in obtaining needed health care |
1-7 | Core competencies in health provider training |
1-8 | Racial and ethnic representation in health professions |
1-8a | American Indian or Alaska Native—Health professions |
1-8b | Asian or Pacific Islander—Health professions |
1-8c | Black or African American—Health professions |
1-8d | Hispanic or Latino—Health professions |
1-8e | American Indian or Alaska Native—Nursing |
1-8f | Asian or Pacific Islander—Nursing |
1-8g | Black or African American—Nursing |
1-8h | Hispanic or Latino—Nursing |
1-8i | American Indian or Alaska Native—Medicine |
1-8j | Asian or Pacific Islander—Medicine |
1-8k | Black or African American—Medicine |
1-8l | Hispanic or Latino—Medicine |
1-8m | American Indian or Alaska Native—Dentistry |
1-8n | Asian or Pacific Islander—Dentistry |
1-8o | Black or African American—Dentistry |
1-8p | Hispanic or Latino—Dentistry |
1-8q | American Indian or Alaska Native—Pharmacy |
1-8r | Asian or Pacific Islander—Pharmacy |
1-8s | Black or African American—Pharmacy |
1-8t | Hispanic or Latino—Pharmacy |
1-9 | Hospitalization for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions |
1-9a | Pediatric asthma |
1-9b | Uncontrolled diabetes |
1-9c | Immunization-preventable pneumonia or influenza |
1-10 | Delay or difficulty in getting emergency care |
1-11 | Rapid prehospital emergency care |
1-12 | Single toll-free number for poison control centers |
1-13 | Trauma care systems |
1-14 | Special needs of children |
1-14a | Online medical direction |
1-14b | Guidelines |
1-15 | Long-term care services |
1-16 | Pressure ulcers among nursing home residents |
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National Data Source |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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State Data Source |
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Adapted from 21.4 (Clinical Preventive Services). |
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Leading Health Indicator |
Access to Health Care. |
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Measure |
Percent (age adjusted—see Comments). |
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Baseline |
83 (1997). |
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Numerator |
Number persons under age 65 years who report coverage by any type of public or private health insurance. |
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Denominator |
Number of persons under age 65 years. |
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Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
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Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
For questions from the 1997 National Health Interview Survey, Family core, Section IV, Health Insurance, see: ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Survey_Questionnaires/ NHIS/1997/qfamilyx.pdf. |
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Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
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Comments |
Health care coverage includes any type of health insurance or health care plan, including those obtained by employment, direct purchase, and Government programs, including Medicare, Medi-Gap, military healthcare/VA, Medicaid, CHAMPUS/TRICARE/CHAMP-VA, Indian Health Service, State-sponsored health plans, or other public hospital or physician programs. |
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More information on the definition of health insurance coverage is provided by Health, United States, 2000.1 |
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Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion on age adjustment, see Part A, section 5. |
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This measure is a modification of its comparable Healthy People 2000 objective 21.4, which proposed to improve the financing and delivery of clinical preventive services. Healthy People 2000 objective 21.4 was tracked by a proxy measure: the proportion of persons with no health care coverage.2 This objective tracks the converse measure, the proportion of persons with health care coverage and does not specifically address delivery of clinical preventive services (see objective 1-2). Also, this objective is age adjusted; the Healthy People 2000 objective was not. |
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This objective is one of the measures used to track the Access to Health Care Leading Health Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete listing. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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The proposed data source is the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), AHRQ (formerly AHCPR). The 1996 MEPS data are currently being analyzed and may provide baseline data on percent of persons with coverage for selected preventive services (well-child visits, immunizations, mammograms, cervical cancer screening, and adult physicals). |
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The numerator will be the number of persons who have coverage for clinical preventive services as part of their health insurance. The denominator will be the number of insured persons. |
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These data are based on an abstract of the respondents’ insurance policies, rather than household reports. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 21.4, which proposed to improve the financing and delivery of clinical preventive services (see Comments provided with objective 1-1 for more information). |
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Data will be collected periodically, with as much as a 3-year lag time in reporting these data. |
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Data that are collected periodically from policy booklets obtained from MEPS household respondents could be modified to collect information on a broader set of preventive services. Recommended services to track include childhood and adult immunizations; recommended cancer screening (breast, cervix, and colon); smoking cessation counseling; and contraceptive services. |
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See Part C for a description of MEPS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3. | Increase the proportion of persons appropriately counseled about health behaviors. |
1-3a. (Developmental) Physical activity or exercise (adults aged 18 years and older). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 1.12, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about physical activity and was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP, and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. This measure will track adults aged 18 years and older with a physician visit in the past year and is scheduled to be tracked using NHIS, CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3b. (Developmental) Diet and nutrition (adults aged 18 years and older). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 2.21, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about nutrition and diet; it was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. This measure will track adults aged 18 years and older with a physician visit in the past year, who received counseling on diet and nutrition; the measure is scheduled to be tracked using the National Health Interview Survey, CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3c. (Developmental) Smoking cessation (adult smokers aged 18 years and older). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 3.16, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about smoking cessation, and was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. This measure will track adults aged 18 years and older with a physician visit in the past year who are current smokers or who have quit smoking in the past 12 months; the measure is scheduled to be tracked using the National Health Interview Survey, CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3d. (Developmental) Reduced alcohol consumption (adults aged 18 years and older with excessive alcohol consumption). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 4.19, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about drug and alcohol use; it was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. This measure will track adults aged 18 years and older with a physician visit in the past year who have reported excessive alcohol consumption; the measure is scheduled to be tracked using the National Health Interview Survey, CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
v v v 1-3e. (Developmental)
Childhood injury prevention: vehicle |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 9.21, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about injury prevention; the objective was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. This measure will track children aged 17 years and under who are reported to have had a physician visit in the past year and received counseling on the use of vehicle restraints and bicycle helmets, using the National Health Interview Survey, CDC, NCHS. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3f. Unintended pregnancy (females aged 15 to 44 years). |
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National Data Source |
National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG), CDC, NCHS. |
State Data Source |
Not identified. |
Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Adapted from 14.12 (Maternal and Infant Health) (also 5.10). |
Measure |
Percent. |
Baseline |
19 (1995). |
Numerator |
Number of women aged 15 to 44 years with a physician visit in the past 12 months who received counseling on either birth control or getting sterilized. |
Denominator |
Number of women aged 15 to 44 years with a physician visit in the past 12 months. |
Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
From the 1995 National Survey on Family Growth: |
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Ø In the past 12 months, that is since (month/year), have you received any of the following birth control services from a doctor or other health care provider? Counseling
about birth control or a prescription for a method? |
Expected Periodicity |
Periodic. |
Comments |
Women were considered to receive counseling if they responded “yes” to either receiving counseling about birth control or getting sterilized. This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 14.12, which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about family planning; it was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. |
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See Part C for a description of NSFG and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3g. (Developmental) Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (males aged 15 to 49 years, females aged 15 to 44 years). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG), CDC, NCHS. |
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This objective is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 18.9 (also 19.14), which tracked the proportion of clinicians who counseled 81 to 100 percent of their patients about prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases; the objective was tracked using the Primary Care Providers Surveys, OPHS, ODPHP and the Prevention in Primary Care Study, American College of Preventive Medicine. |
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The 2001 NSFG will collect data on STD counseling for men aged 15 to 49 years. While the NSFG does collect data on family planning services for women aged 15 to 44 years [including the receipt of birth control services (including condoms)], specific questions on STD counseling among women currently are not included. |
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See Part C for a description of NSFG and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-3h. (Developmental) Management of menopause (females aged 46 to 56 years). |
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Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. The proposed State data source is the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
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This measure is a modification of Healthy People 2000 objective 17.18, which tracked the proportion of perimenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years who were counseled about estrogen replacement therapy. This measure will track women aged 46 to 56 years who have had a physician visit in the past year and report that they have received counseling on management of menopause. |
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The proposed questions to be used to obtain the data are scheduled for inclusion in the 2001 NHIS. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-4. | Increase the proportion of persons who have a specific source of ongoing care. |
1-4a. All ages.
National Data Source |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
State Data Source |
Not identified. |
Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Adapted from 21.3 (Clinical Preventive Services), age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. |
Leading Health Indicator |
Access to Health Care. |
Measure |
Percent (age adjusted—see Comments). |
Baseline |
87 (1998). |
Numerator |
Number of persons who report having a specific source of primary care. |
Denominator |
Number of persons. |
Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
From the 1998 National Health Interview Survey: |
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Ø Is there a place that you usually go when you are sick or need advice about your health? |
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Ø What kind of place is it: a clinic, doctor’s office, emergency room, or some other place? (a)
Hospital emergency room |
Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
Comments |
A specific source of primary care includes responses (b) through (i) listed above. A hospital emergency room (a) is not included as a specific source of primary care. |
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Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion on age adjustment, see Part A, section 5. |
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This measure is modified from its comparable Healthy People 2000 objective 21.3, which tracked persons aged 18 years and older. This measure tracks persons of all ages and is age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. |
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This objective is one of the measures used to track the Access to Health Care Leading Health Indicator. See Appendix H for a complete listing. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-4b. Children and youth aged 17 years and under.
National Data Source |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
State Data Source |
Not identified. |
Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Adapted from 21.3 (Clinical Preventive Services). |
Measure |
Percent (age adjusted—see Comments). |
Baseline |
93 (1998). |
Numerator |
Number of children and youth aged 17 years and under who report having a specific source of primary care. |
Denominator |
Number of children and youth aged 17 years and under. |
Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data provided with objective 1-4a. |
Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
Comments |
A specific source of primary care includes responses (b) through (i) listed in the Questions Used To Obtain the National Data provided with objective 1-4a, above. A hospital emergency room (a) is not included as a specific source of primary care. |
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Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion on age adjustment, see Part A, section 5. |
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This measure is modified from its comparable Healthy People 2000 objective 21.3, which tracked persons aged 18 years and older. This measure tracks children and youth aged 17 years and under and is age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-4c. Adults aged 18 years and older.
National Data Source |
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC, NCHS. |
State Data Source |
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), CDC, NCCDPHP. |
Healthy People 2000 Objective |
21.3 (Clinical Preventive Services), age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. |
Measure |
Percent (age adjusted—see Comments). |
Baseline |
85 (1998). |
Numerator |
Number adults aged 18 years and older who report having a specific source of primary care. |
Denominator |
Number of adults aged 18 years and older. |
Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
See Questions Used To Obtain the National Data provided with objective 1-4a. |
Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
Comments |
A specific source of primary care includes responses (b) through (i) listed in the Questions Used To Obtain the National Data provided with objective 1-4a above. A hospital emergency room (a) is not included as a specific source of primary care. |
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Data are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. Age-adjusted percents are weighted sums of age-specific percents. For a discussion on age adjustment, see Part A, section 5. |
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See Part C for a description of NHIS and BRFSS, and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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National Data Source |
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), AHRQ (formerly AHCPR). |
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State Data Source |
Not identified. |
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Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Not applicable. |
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Measure |
Percent. |
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Baseline |
77 (1996). |
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Numerator |
Number of persons who report that they have a usual primary care provider. |
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Denominator |
Number of persons. |
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Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
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Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
From the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey: |
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Ø Is there a particular doctor’s office, health center, or other place that (Person) usually goes if (Person) is sick or needs advice about (Person)’s health? |
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Ø Is (Provider) the (person/place) they would go for new health problems? |
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Ø Is (Provider) the (person/place) they would go for preventive health care, such as general checkups, examinations, and immunizations? |
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Ø Is (Provider) the (person/place) they would go for referrals to other health professionals when needed? |
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Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
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Comments |
Persons were determined to have a usual primary care provider if they reported that they would usually go to the same health professional for all four of the following situations: if they were sick or needed advice about their health; if they had new health problems; if they needed preventive care such as general checkups, examinations, and immunizations; and if they needed referrals to other health professionals. Persons who reported an emergency room as their usual source of care were classified as not having a usual primary care provider. |
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See Part C for a description of MEPS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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National Data Source |
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), AHRQ (formerly AHCPR). |
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State Data Source |
Not identified. |
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Healthy People 2000 Objective |
Not applicable. |
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Measure |
Percent. |
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Baseline |
12 (1996). |
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Numerator |
Number of families that report that at least one family member had difficulty or delay in obtaining health care or did not receive needed care. |
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Denominator |
Number of families. |
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Population Targeted |
U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. |
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Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
From the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey: |
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Ø In the last 12 months, did anyone in the family experience difficulty in obtaining any type of health care, delay in obtaining care, or not receive health care they thought they needed due to any of the reasons listed below? (1)
Couldn’t afford care |
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Expected Periodicity |
Annual. |
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Comments |
A family is considered having difficulty in obtaining care if the head of household responds “yes” to any of the options (1 through 19) listed in the question above. |
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See Part C for a description of MEPS and Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-7. | (Developmental) Increase the proportion of schools of medicine, schools of nursing, and other health professional training schools whose basic curriculum for health care providers includes the core competencies in health promotion and disease prevention. |
Comments |
An operational definition could not be specified at the time of publication. |
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The proposed national data source is the Adaptation of the Prevention Self-Assessment Analysis, ATPM. |
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See Appendix A for focus area contact information. |
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1-8. | In the health professions, allied and
associated health |
1-8a. American Indian or Alaska Native—health professions and allied and associated health profession fields.
National Data Sources |
Survey of Predoctoral Dental Educational Institutions, American Dental Association; Profile of Pharmacy Students, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; AAMC Data Book, Association of American Medical Colleges; Annual Data Report, Association of Schools of Public Health. |
State Data Sources |
Survey of Predoctoral Dental Educational Institutions, American Dental Association; Profile of Pharmacy Students, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy; AAMC Data Book, Association of American Medical Colleges; Annual Data Report, Association of Schools of Public Health. |
Healthy People 2000 Objective |
21.8 (Clinical Preventive Services). |
Measure |
Percent. |
Baseline |
0.6 (1996–97). |
Numerator |
Number of degrees in the health professions (medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and public health) and allied and associated health profession fields awarded to American Indian or Alaska Native persons. |
Denominator |
Number of degrees awarded by accredited schools to all persons in the health professions and allied and associated health profession fields. |
Population Targeted |
Students in accredited health professions and allied and associated health profession schools. |
Questions Used To Obtain the National Data |
Not applicable for data collected on pharmacy degrees and public health degrees. For medical degrees, see AAMC Data Book.2 For dental degrees, from the 1997–98 Survey of Predoctoral Dental Education Institutions: |
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Ø
How many students received a D.D.S. or D.M.D. degree
between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997? |
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Ø How many students received a D.D.S. or D.M.D. degree between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997 in each of the following race/ethnicity categories? |