Writing Committee Members: Andrew E. Epstein, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS, Chair*; John P. DiMarco, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; N.A. Mark Estes, III, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Roger A. Freedman, MD, FACC, FHRS*; Leonard S. Gettes, MD, FACC, FAHA; A. Marc Gillinov, MD, FACC, FAHA*†; Gabriel Gregoratos, MD, FACC, FAHA; Stephen C. Hammill, MD, FACC, FHRS; David L. Hayes, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS*; Mark A. Hlatky, MD, FACC, FAHA; L. Kristin Newby, MD, FACC, FAHA; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Mark H. Schoenfeld, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS; Michael J. Silka, MD, FACC; Lynne Warner Stevenson, MD, FACC, FAHA‡; Michael O. Sweeney, MD, FACC*
*Recused from voting on guideline recommendations (see Section 1.2, "Document Review and Approval," for more detail)
†American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons official representative
‡Heart Failure Society of America official representative
Task Force Members: Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice-Chair; Cynthia D. Adams, RN, PHD, FAHA**; Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Christopher E. Buller, MD, FACC; Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA; Steven M. Ettinger, MD, FACC; David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Loren F. Hiratzka, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Sharon A. Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, FACC, FAHA; Frederick G. Kushner, MD, FACC, FAHA; Bruce W. Lytle, MD, FACC, FAHA; Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, FAHA; Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC, FAHA**; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA; Barbara Riegel, DNSC, RN, FAHA**; Lynn G. Tarkington, RN; Clyde W. Yancy, MD, FACC, FAHA
**Former Task Force member during this writing effort.