EXECUTIVE ORDER 11935 ON THE COMPETITIVE CIVIL SERVICE
Under Executive Order 11935, only United States citizens and nationals (residents of American Samoa and Swains Island) may compete for, and be appointed to, competitive service jobs. With Office of Personnel Management approval, agencies are permitted to hire non-citizens when there are no qualified citizens available. A non-citizen hired in the absence of qualified citizens may only be given an excepted appointment, and does not acquire competitive civil service status. He or she may not be promoted or reassigned to another position in the competitive service, except in situations where a qualified citizen is not available. The non-citizen may be hired only if permitted by the appropriations act and the immigration law.

EXCEPTED SERVICE AND SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE
Some Federal agencies (among them the United States Postal Service, the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Federal Bureau of Investigation), and some types of positions (for example, lawyers and chaplains) are exempt from competitive civil service hiring requirements. (Federal Employment Fact sheet number 6, EI-6, addresses the topic of "Excepted Service Employment.") An agency may hire a qualified non-citizen in the excepted service or Senior Executive Service, if it is permitted to do so by the annual appropriations act and the immigration law and the agency�s specific laws and internal policies.

Many agencies have executive level positions in the Senior Executive Service.

APPROPRIATIONS ACT RESTRICTIONS
Congress prohibits the use of appropriated funds to employ non-citizens within the United States. Certain groups of non-citizens are not included in this ban. They are:

• Persons who owe permanent allegiance to the United States (for example, natives of American Samoa and Swains Island).
• Aliens from Cuba, Poland, South Vietnam, countries of the former Soviet Union, or the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence.
• South Vietnamese, Cambodian or Laotian refugees paroled into the United States after January 1, 1975.
• Nationals of the People's Republic of China who qualify for adjustment of status pursuant to the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992.
• Citizens of Ireland, Israel, or the Republic of the Philippines.
• Nationals of countries currently allied with the United States in a defense effort, (as determined by the Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, Department of State).
• International broadcasters employed by the U.S. Information Agency.
• Translators employed temporarily.
• People employed up to 60 days on an emergency basis in the field service.

Although the above groups are not prohibited from being paid from agency appropriated funds, group members are still subject to the requirements of Executive Order 11935 listed above and to the immigration law as summarized below.

IMMIGRATION LAW REQUIREMENTS ON EMPLOYING CITIZENS AND ALIENS
For any work to be performed in the United States, immigration law requires private and public employers to hire only individuals who are eligible to be employed. Those individuals are:

• A citizen (either by birth or naturalization) or national of the United States,
• An alien assigned by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS), Department of Homeland Security, to a class of immigrants authorized to be employed (aliens who are lawfully admitted for permanent residence by INS are the largest class of aliens in this category), or
• An individual alien who is expressly authorized by CIS to be employed.

Although an alien may be authorized to work under the immigration laws, he or she is still subject to the requirements of Executive Order 11935 and appropriations act restrictions as stated above.

EMPLOYMENT INQUIRIES
A non-citizen should contact the agency in which he or she is interested, concerning questions of employment eligibility.

Additional information about citizenship in Federal employment is on the U.S. Office of Personnel Management Web site at www.opm.gov. Click on the Subject Index Tab, then �Citizenship, Requirements for Employment.�

AS OF: 01-07-2008

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