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Great Smoky Mountains National Park
White-tailed deer
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![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/ser/templates/images/graphics/spacer.gif) |
![Whitetail deer fawn Whitetail deer fawn](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/grsm/naturescience/images/1046uevz.jpg) |
The coat of a whitetail deer fawn is marked with white spots to provide camouflage from predators. |
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White-tailed deer live throughout the Smokies, but are most commonly seen in areas with open fields such as Cades Cove and Cataloochee Valley. Biologists estimate that more than 6,000 deer may live in the park. Deer populations can change quickly. Local over-population leads to widespread disease and starvation. Predation by coyotes, bears, and bobcats help reduce threats associated with overpopulation.
Deer living in the southern Appalachians give birth in late June. Newborn fawns have no defense beyond camouflage. Many are lost to predation during their first few days. By their second spring, males begin to grow antlers. They fully develop in August, and in September, the bucks fight for mating rights. Mating occurs in November. The antlers fall off by mid-winter.
Deer browse for nutritious foods. The diversity of plants growing in the park provide excellent food sources. When favored foods disappear, deer switch to more common, less nutritious plants. If nothing else is available, they will eat poison ivy or rhododendron. Acorns and nuts are important fall foods.
Every year park animals must be destroyed because of mistakes humans make. Learn how to protect park wildlife.
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![Elk were reintroduced to the park in 2001. Elk were reintroduced to the park in 2001.](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/ser/customcf/apps/CMS_HandF/Pictures/GRSM_elk-wilson.jpg) Elk Elk were reintroduced to the park in 2001. more... | | ![Black bear Black bear](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/ser/customcf/apps/CMS_HandF/Pictures/GRSM_cub.jpg) Black Bears An estimated 1,500 black bears live in the park. more... | | ![white-tailed deer white-tailed deer](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/ser/customcf/apps/CMS_HandF/Pictures/GRSM_crootof-deer.jpg) Wildlife Watching Open areas such as Cades Cove and Cataloochee are good places to view wildlife. more... | |
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![Flame azalea can be found growing on heath balds in the park. Flame azalea can be found growing on heath balds in the park.](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081018125143im_/http://www.nps.gov/ser/customcf/apps/CMS_HandF/Pictures/GRSM_dykazelea.jpg) |
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Did You Know?
The park’s high elevation heath balds are treeless expanses where dense thickets of shrubs such as mountain laurel, rhododendron, and sand myrtle grow. Known as “laurel slicks” and “hells” by early settlers, heath balds were most likely created by forest fires long ago.
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Last Updated: August 09, 2006 at 16:16 EST |