Bioelectricity Promises More ‘Miles Per Acre’ Than Ethanol

Biofuels such as ethanol offer an alternative to petroleum for powering our cars, but growing energy crops to produce them can compete with food crops for farmland, and clearing forests to expand farmland will aggravate the climate change problem. How can we maximize our “miles per acre” from biomass? Researchers writing in the online edition of the May 7 Science magazine say the best bet is to convert the biomass to electricity, rather than ethanol. They calculate that, compared to ethanol used for internal combustion engines, bioelectricity used for battery-powered vehicles would deliver an average of 80% more miles of transportation per acre of crops, while also providing double the greenhouse gas offsets to mitigate climate change.
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Moody’s Affirms Carnegie’s Aaa/VMIG1 Rating—Highest Awarded

On August 24, Moody’s Investors Service affirmed its highest ratingAaa/VMIG1on the Carnegie Institution’s Series 1993, 2002, and 2006 bonds. Only 37 other higher education institutions and not-for-profit organizations are currently rated in this category, the highest ranking awarded to this group.
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Carnegie donates landmark clones to biology

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Surprisingly little is known about the interactions that proteins have with each other and the protective membrane that surrounds a cell. These membrane proteins regulate nutrients, sense environmental threats, and are the communications interface between and within cells. Now researchers at Plant Biology have cloned genes to produce membrane proteins that may initiate instructions for genes to turn on in the nucleus. They just donated 2010 of them to the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center.
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Hydrocarbons in Deep Earth?

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Oil and gas started out as living organisms that died, were compressed, and were heated under layers of sediments in the Earth’s crust. Scientists have debated for years whether some of these hydrocarbons could have been created deeper in the mantle and formed without organic matter. Now for the first time, researchers have found that ethane and heavier hydrocarbons can be synthesized under conditions of the upper mantle.
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