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Rubella, Congenital Syndrome
1999 Case Definition
Clinical description
Presence of any defect(s) or laboratory data consistent
with congenital rubella infection. Infants with congenital rubella
syndrome usually present with more than one sign or symptom consistent
with congenital rubella infection. However, infants may present with
a single defect. Deafness is most common single defect.
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
- Isolation of rubella virus, or
- Demonstration of rubella-specific immunoglobulin
M (IgM) antibody, or
- Infant rubella antibody level that persists
at a higher level and for a longer period than expected from
passive transfer of maternal antibody (i.e., rubella titer
that does not drop at the expected rate of a twofold dilution
per month).
- PCR positive rubella virus
Clinical case definition
An illness, usually manifesting in infancy, resulting
from rubella infection in utero and characterized by signs
or symptoms from the following categories:
a) Cataracts/congenital glaucoma, congenital
heart disease (most commonly patent ductus arteriosus or peripheral
pulmonary artery stenosis), hearing impairment, pigmentary retinopathy.
b) Purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, microcephaly,
developmental delay, meningoencephalitis, radiolucent bone disease.
Case classification
Suspected: A case with
some compatible clinical findings but not meeting the criteria for
a probable case.
Probable: A case that is not laboratory
confirmed and that has any two complications listed in paragraph “a”of
the clinical case definition or one complication from paragraph “a”and
one from paragraph “b”, and lacks evidence of any
other etiology.
Confirmed: A clinically consistent case
that is laboratory confirmed.
Infection only: A case that demonstrates
laboratory evidence of infection, but without any clinical symptoms
or signs.
Note
In probable cases, either or both of the eye-related
findings (cataracts and congenital glaucoma) count as a single complication.
In cases classified as infection only, if any compatible signs or
symptoms (e.g., hearing loss) are identified later, the case is reclassified
as confirmed.
See also:
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