KNOWLEDGE BASE REPORT
March 2003
FHWA-RD-02-045
by
Carrie E. Kindler, ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering &
Sciences
Nicholas D. Antonucci, CH2M Hill
Ingrid B. Potts, Midwest Research Institute
Timothy R. Neuman, CH2M Hill
Richard M. Wood, ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering & Sciences
FOREWORD
This report documents the results of the development of an expert system for intersection safety that is part of the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM). The objective was to develop software to perform a diagnostic review of intersections on rural two-lane highways, referred to as the Intersection Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM). This report focuses on documenting the knowledge base developed for the IDRM software. It also documents the software in that it identifies the knowledge structure, problem definitions, models, decision algorithms, formulas, and parameter values implemented in the software.
Michael F. Trentacoste Director, Office of Safety Research and Development |
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of this document.
Technical Report Documentation Page
Technical Report Documentation Page | |||||
1. Report No. FHWA-RD-02-045 |
2. Government Accession No. | 3. Recipient's Catalog No. | |||
4. Title and Subtitle
IHSDM Intersection Diagnostic Review Model Knowledge Base Report |
5. Report Date | ||||
6. Performing Organization | |||||
7. Author(s) Carrie E. Kindler, Douglas W. Harwood, Nicholas D. Antonucci, Ingrid B. Potts, Timothy R. Neuman, Richard M. Wood |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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9. Performing Organization Name and
Address ITT Industries, Advanced Engineering & Sciences 775 Daedalian Drive Rome, New York 13441 Subcontractors:
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10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) | ||||
11. Contract or Grant
No. DTFH61-97-C-00053 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name
and Address Office of Safety Research and Development Federal Highway Administration 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, Virginia 22101-2296 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report September 1997 - February 2002 |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code | |||||
15. Supplementary Notes Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR): Michael Griffith and Joe Bared, HRDS |
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16. Abstract |
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17. Key Words Intersection, IDRM models, treatments, knowledge base, IDRM concerns, accident history. |
18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. |
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21. No. of Pages 188 |
22. Price |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized
SI* (Modern Metric) Conversion Factors
1.1 Role of the Intersection Diagnostic Review Model (IDRM) in the IHSDM
1.3 The Knowledge Base Development Process
2.0 KNOWLEDGE BASE SCOPE AND APPROACH
2.2 Guiding Principles Used in Knowledge Base Development
2.4 Concerns Identified by IDRM
2.6 Use of IDRM Models to Evaluate Concerns
2.7 Overview of IDRM Treatment Recommendations
3.1 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B1 Left Turn From Minor Road
3.2 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B2 Right Turn From Minor Road
3.3 Intersection Sight Distance for Case B3 Crossing Maneuver From Minor Road
3.4 Intersection Sight Distance for Case F Left Turn From Major Road
3.5 Stopping Sight Distance for Vertical Curves
3.6 Stopping Sight Distance for Horizontal Curves
3.7 Visibility Distance to Traffic Signal
3.8 Visibility Distance to Stop Sign
3.9 Visibility Distance to Yield Sign
3.10 Decision Sight Distance for Vertical Curves
3.11 Decision Sight Distance for Horizontal Curves
3.12 Clearance Time for Skewed Intersection
3.15 Left-Turn Lane Length for Closely Spaced Intersections
3.16 Intersection Conflict Index
3.18 Intersection Pavement Area
3.19 Change in Approach Alignment Between Opposing Approaches
3.21 Horizontal Curve Design for Braking and Cornering
4.1 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance
4.2 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Intersection on a Horizontal Curve
4.3 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for a Horizontal Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.4 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Intersection on Approaches to Crest Vertical Curve
4.5 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Multileg Intersection
4.7 Insufficient Intersection Sight Distance for Skewed Intersections
4.8 Insufficient Stopping Sight Distance for a Crest Vertical Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.9 Insufficient Stopping Sight Distance for a Horizontal Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.10 Insufficient Visibility of Traffic Signal
4.11 Insufficient Visibility of Stop Sign
4.12 Insufficient Visibility of Yield Sign
4.13 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for a Crest Vertical Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.14 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for a Horizontal Curve on an Intersection Approach
4.15 Insufficient Decision Sight Distance for Multileg Intersection
4.17 Increased Crossing Distance
4.18 Warranted Left-Turn Lane Is Not Present
4.19 Warranted Right-Turn Lane Is Not Present
4.20 Insufficient Left-Turn Bay Storage and Deceleration Length Between Closely Spaced Intersections
4.21 Insufficient Taper Length for Left-Turn Lanes Between Closely Spaced Intersections
4.22 High Traffic Conflict Index
4.23 Uneven, Discontinuous Minor-Road Profile Through Intersection
4.24 Large Intersection Pavement Area
4.25 Approach Alignment Differs Between Opposing Approaches
4.26 Insufficient Queue Storage
4.27 Loss of Control Potential Due to Frequent Braking
5.0 USE OF ACCIDENT HISTORY DATA TO HIGHLIGHT PARTICULAR������ INTERSECTION-LEG CONCERNS
5.1 Role of Site-Specific Accident History Data in IDRM
5.2 Conceptual Approach to Use of Site-Specific Accident History Data in IDRM
5.3 Identification of Patterns of Specific Collision Types
5.5 Use of Table 25 to Identify Accident Patterns of Interest
6.0 IDRM TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX A IDRM TREATMENT DETAILS
Figure 1. IHSDM Functional Overview
Figure 2. Departure Sight Triangles for ISD Cases B1, B2, and B3
Figure 4. Visibility Distance to Traffic Signal
Figure 6. Minimum Distance Between Closely Spaced Intersections
Figure 7. Area of Skewed Intersections for Two-Lane Rural Intersections
Figure 8. Estimate of Left-Turn Vehicles Queued
Figure 9. Intersection Profile Case A
Figure 10. Intersection Profile Case B
Figure 11. Intersection Profile Case C
Table 1. IDRM Advisory Panel Participants
Table 2. Priority Issues Identified for Knowledge Base Development
Table 5. Application of IDRM Models to Evaluate Concerns
Table 6. Values of Dt for Various Intersection Scenarios
Table 7. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Traffic Signal
Table 8. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Stop Signs
Table 9. Minimum Sight Distance on Approach to Yield Signs
Table 10. Decision Sight Distance (Table III-3 in 1994 Green Book)
Table 15. Volume Warrants for Left-Turn Lanes
Table 16. Threshold Volumes for Right-Turn Lane
Table 17. Required Deceleration Lengths
Table 18. Weights for Use in Computing the Intersection Conflict Index
Table 19. Design Controls on Difference Between Major- and Minor-Road Slopes
Table 20. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of ISD
Table 21. Tentative Threshold Values and Types of Safety Advisory Messages for Evaluation of SSD
Table 26. List of Treatments (Design Improvements and Mitigation Measures) for Intersection Concerns
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