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FHWA-RD-96-148 FOREWORD This report is one of a series of reports produced as part of a contract designed
to develop precise, detailed human factors design guidelines for Advanced Traveler
Information Systems (ATIS) and Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO). During the
analytic phase of the project, research issues were identified and rated by
8 human factors experts along 14 separate criteria. The goal of the experimental
phase was to examine the highest rated research issues that can be addressed
within the scope of the project. The 14 experiments produced in that phase reflect
the results of those ratings. This study is part of the empirical phase of this ATIS/CVO guidelines development
effort and is one of a series of investigations designed to provide supporting
rationale for the in-vehicle design guidelines. The research reported in this
document investigated the effects of message format and modality on comprehension
and retention of in-vehicle messages for younger and older drivers. Click here to view document FHWA-RD-96-148
in PDF format. (1.42 MB) PDF document requires Adobe Acrobat Reader to view. 1. Report No. FHWA-RD-96-148 4. Title and Subtitle Development of Human Factors Guidelines for Advanced Traveler Information
Systems and Commercial Vehicle Operations: Driver Memory for In-Vehicle
Visual and Auditory Messages 5. Report Date December 1999 6. Performing Organization
Code 7. Author(s) Kantowitz, B. H., Hanowski, R. J., & Garness, S. A. 8. Performing Organization
Report No. 9. Performing Organization
Name and Address Battelle Seattle Research Center 10. Work Unit No.
(TRAIS) 3B2C1012 3B2C 11. Contract or Grant
No. DTFH61-92-C-00102 12. Sponsoring Agency
Name and Address Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D 13. Type of Report
and Period Covered Technical Report 14. Sponsoring Agency
Code 15. Supplementary
Notes Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR): M. Joseph Moyer,
HRDS 16. Abstract Three experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to evaluate
effects of in-vehicle message modality and message format on comprehension
and memory for younger and older drivers. Visual icons and text messages
were effective in terms of high comprehension and high memory retention
over a 50-sec delay period for both older and younger drivers. Auditory
icons (earcons) were unsuitable for older drivers, although younger
drivers performed well using symbolic and speech in-vehicle messages.
For visual only, auditory only, and auditory plus visual messages both
textual and symbolic message formats were equally effective. No adverse
effects of in-vehicle message presentation were found for lateral and
longitudinal vehicle control. Implications of these findings for development
of ATIS guidelines were discussed. 17. Key Words In-vehicle information system, IVIS, Advanced Traveler Information
System (ATIS), memory, older driver 18. Distribution
Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the
National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. 19. Security Classification
(of this report) None None 21. No. of Pages 154 22. Price Advanced Traveler Information Systems | Driver and Human Performance |