Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Silica

NIOSH HAZARD REVIEW

Health Effects of Occupational Exposure
to Respirable Crystalline Silica

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Table 3

Table 3. Industrial silica sand and gravel sold or used by U.S. producers in 1994, by major end use
General use	End use
Sand:
Glass-making	Containers, flat (plate and window), specialty, fiberglass (unground or ground)
Foundry work	Molding and core, molding and core facing (ground), refractory
Metallurgical work	Silicon carbide, flux for metal smelting
Abrasive work	Blasting, scouring cleansers (ground), sawing and sanding, chemicals (ground and unground)
Fillers	Rubber, paints, putty, whole grain fillers/building products
Ceramics	Pottery, brick, tile
Filtration	Water (municipal, county, local), swimming pool, others
Petroleum manufacturing	Hydraulic fracturing, well packing, and cementing
Recreation	Golf course, baseball, volleyball, play sands, beaches, traction (engine), roofing granules and fillers, other (ground silica or whole grain)
Gravel	Silicon, ferrosilicon, filtration, nonmetallurgical flux, other
Sources: IARC [1997]; BOM [1994].

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