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Race, Ethnicity, and Health Care: The Basics Reference Library
Key Data Policy Research Fact Sheets Webcasts/Presentations Key Organizations

Key Data

Demographics
Health Status
Health Coverage, Access to Care, and Quality of Care
State-Level Data
Public Opinion

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Demographics

The Association of American Medical Colleges and the Kaiser Family Foundation, Minority Graduates of U.S. Medical Schools: Trends, 1950–1998, 2000.
This report, developed with funding from the Kaiser Family Foundation, provides trend information on minority medical graduates and current practice characteristics of minority physicians. It presents information from a unique database developed from the archives of medical schools, the Association of American Medical Colleges' own data sets, and files from the American Medical Association.

U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Briefs and Special Reports, 2000.
The Census 2000 Brief Series provides analysis of Census 2000 population and housing topics and figures. The Brief Series includes 36 specific publications, most of which provide demographic data on the U.S. population by race and ethnicity. The Census 2000 Special Report Series supplements the Briefs with a more in-depth analysis of the population and housing topics. The Reports are analytic tools that examine the data collected by the U.S. Census, particularly in the areas of geographic distribution, race and ethnicity, and immigration.

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Health Status

Barnett, E., M.L. Casper, J.A. Halverson, et al., Men and Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality, First Edition, 2001; Women and Heart Disease: An Atlas of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality, Second Edition, 2000, West Virginia University, the University of South Florida, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 
The maps in these publications depict heart disease mortality rates among men and women respectively, county-by-county, for the entire United States, and identify the places where men and women of each of the five major racial and ethnic population groups experience the highest rates of mortality from heart disease.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Burden of Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: National and State Perspectives 2004, February 2004.
This document provides information on the burden of chronic diseases and their risk factors in the United States. Many of the data tables report findings by state, sex, and race and ethnicity.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics
.
Housed at the CDC, NCHS is the nation’s major source of vital statistics and health data. Data are collected from a variety of sources, including birth and death records, medical records, interview surveys, and direct physical exams.  Its annual publication, Health, United States, includes a comprehensive list of government data sources (see Appendix I).

Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, Data/Statistics
This site identifies government information resources on the health and use of health services by U.S. racial and ethnic minority populations.

Leigh, W., and D. Huff, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Women of Color Health Data Book, 2006.
Produced by the NIH, this data book is a comprehensive statistical review on major health status indicators, including life-expectancy, major causes of death, illicit drug use, and illnesses related to lifestyles and behavior. It also covers patterns in the use of health care services and insurance, and issues related to improving the health of women of color.

National Cancer Institute, Cancer Health Disparities: Fact Sheet, April 2002.
The purpose of this fact sheet is to give a brief overview of the currently available data on cancer health disparities among racial and ethnic groups. It also summarizes selected NCI research projects and initiatives designed to understand and eventually eliminate these disparities.

National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Clinicaltrials.gov.
Provided by the NIH in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), this database contains detailed information on about 50,000 clinical studies sponsored by the NIH, other federal agencies, and private industry. Users can search the database for studies with a focus on specific racial or ethnic population groups. 

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Health Coverage, Access to Care, and Quality of Care

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and Department of Health and Human Services, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
MEPS is the nation’s major source for data on health care spending. Major topics include per capita health spending, health insurance coverage, and health care services use.  Data are available for public use and can be stratified by a number of variables, including sex, race/ethnicity, age, and locale.

Brodie, M., R. Suro, A. Steffenson, et al., Pew Hispanic Center and Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos, December 2002.
This is a survey of a representative sample of respondents who identified themselves as being of Hispanic or Latino origin. It includes questions on how members of the Hispanic community identify themselves, their views of the United States, their experiences with discrimination both within the Latino community itself and from non-Latino groups, their language abilities and preferences, their economic and financial situations and their experiences within the health care system.

Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey (CPS).
The CPS is the major data source for estimates of the number of people with health insurance coverage, the types of coverage they have, and those who are uninsured.

The Center for Studying Health System Change, Community Tracking Survey (CTS).
The CTS includes periodic national surveys of households (including an insurer followback), physicians and employers. The survey samples are concentrated in 60 communities that were randomly selected to provide a representative profile of change across the U.S.

The Commonwealth Fund, Health Care Quality Survey, 2006.
This is a 2006 survey of a nationally representative sample of 3,535 white, African American, Asian American, and Hispanic adults age 18 and older.  The survey includes information on a wide range of health care quality measures including patient–physician communication, access to health care and insurance coverage.

Kaiser Family Foundation, Key Facts: Race, Ethnicity, and Medical Care, 2007.
This report includes data on the uninsured and access to care by race/ethnicity as well as information about the disproportionate effect that specific conditions such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and asthma have on racial and ethnic minority populations in the U.S.  It also contains demographic data on the racial/ethnic minority population in each state and the U.S. territories as well as data from the National Healthcare Disparities Report, examining changes in health care disparities over time.

The Urban Institute, National Survey of America's Families (NSAF), 2002.
NSAF provides data on the well-being of children and non-elderly adults in 13 states and has a sample that is representative of persons under 65.  The survey data can be stratified by race and ethnicity. 

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State-Level Data

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS).
The BRFSS is a state-based system of health surveys that generate information about health risk behaviors, clinical preventive practices, and health care access and services use primarily related to chronic diseases and injury.

The Kaiser Family Foundation, StateHealthFacts.org.
This online database from the Kaiser Family Foundation contains state-level data on a host of health and healthcare issues that can be stratified by a number of variables, including race and ethnicity.

UCLA Center for Health Policy Research & California Department of Health Services & Public Health Institute, California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).
CHIS is the largest state health survey and one of the largest health surveys in the United States. CHIS gives health planners, policy makers, county governments, advocacy groups, and communities a detailed picture of the health and health care needs facing California's diverse population.

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Public Opinion

The Kaiser Family Foundation, National Survey of Physicians Part I: Doctors on Disparities in Medical Care, March 2002.
This is a survey of a nationally representative sample of 2,608 physicians in 2001.  African American, Latino, and Asian physicians were oversampled.  Results were weighted by race and other factors to reflect their actual distribution in the nation.  The survey included questions on a range of topics including physician’s perceptions of whether patients are treated differently by race, age, income, insurance and their views on why disparities exist.  Data are available for public use.

The Kaiser Family Foundation, Race, Ethnicity & Medical Care: A Survey of Public Perceptions and Experiences, October 1999.
This is a 1999 survey of a nationally representative sample of 3,884 African American, Latino and white adults, 18 years of age and older.  It includes questions on the public’s knowledge of racial differences in health and health care, their perceptions of the influence of race and racism in the health care system and society overall, and personal experiences with being treated unfairly because of one’s  racial/ethnic background.  Data are available for public use.

Kaisernetwork.org,  Health Poll Search: Race/Ethnicity and Health, Kaiser Family Foundation. 
Health Poll Search is a searchable archive of public opinion questions on health and health care issues, including race/ethnicity and health. Health Poll Search is the result of a partnership between the Kaiser Family Foundation and The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at the University of Connecticut. The Health Poll Search archive provides some public opinion data under the search categories of “Race/Ethnicity and Health: General, as well as “Blacks/African Americans and Health” and “Latinos/Hispanics and Health.”

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Acknowledgements: This reference library was prepared by D'Neisha Simmons Jendayi, Caya Lewis, and Marsha Lillie-Blanton of the Kaiser Family Foundation.

Last Updated: January 2008

 

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