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Earnings
Earnings is defined as the algebraic sum of wage or salary income and net income from self-employment. Earnings represent the amount of income received regularly before deductions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, union dues, Medicare deductions, etc.
Related term: Income
Economic Census
Collective name for the censuses of construction, manufactures, minerals, minority- and women-owned businesses, retail trade, service industries, transportation, and wholesale trade, conducted by the Census Bureau every five years, in years ending in 2 and 7.
Economic Census of Puerto Rico and Island Areas
Collective name for the censuses of construction, manufactures, minerals, retail trade, service industries, transportation, and wholesale trade, conducted every 5 years, in years ending in "2" and "7." The geographic coverage includes Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa. The data for Puerto Rico and the Island Areas are not included in the United States totals published in the Economic Census.
Economic place
A statistical subdivision of a state delineated according to Census Bureau guidelines for the purpose of presenting economic census data. Economic places include incorporated places of 2,500 or more people, county subdivisions of 10,000 or more people in 12 designated states, and census designated places in Hawaii. Any residual area within a state is delineated into Economic places so as not to cross the boundaries of any consolidated city, county subdivision in 12 designated states, metropolitan area in New England, or county.
Economy-Wide Key Statistics (EWKS)
Economic Census data for U.S., states, counties, places, and metropolitan areas for all industries. Items include: number of establishments, sales and receipts, annual payroll, and number of employees.
Educational attainment
Refers to the highest level of education completed in terms of the highest degree or the highest level of schooling completed.
Elementary school
A school inclusive of kindergarten through either the eighth or ninth grade, or the first through either the eighth or ninth grade. It can include both elementary and intermediate or middle schools.
Related terms: High school
Embedded housing unit (EHU)
An EHU is a housing unit within a group quarters where the occupants live separately from others living in the group quarters. An example of an EHU is a house parent's room in a dormitory. Embedded means located within the building and not free-standing.
Employed
Employed includes all civilians 16 years old and over who were either (1) "at work" -- those who did any work at all during the reference week as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession, worked on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers on a family farm or in a family business; or (2) were "with a job but not at work" -- those who did not work during the reference week but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, industrial dispute, vacation, or other personal reasons. Excluded from the employed are people whose only activity consisted of work around the house or unpaid volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations; also excluded are people on active duty in the United States Armed Forces. The reference week is the calendar week preceding the date on which the respondents completed their questionnaires or were interviewed. This week may not be the same for all respondents.
Related terms: Labor force, Unemployed, Worker
Employment status reference week
The data on employment status and journey to work relate to the calendar week preceding the date on which the respondents completed their questionnaires or were interviewed. This week may not be the same for all respondents.
Employment/population ratio
A measure derived by dividing the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 64 years who are employed by the total civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 64 years and multiplying by 100. (American Community Survey)
Establishment
A business or industrial unit at a single location that distributes goods or performs services.
Estimates (American Community Survey and Census 2000 Supplementary Survey)
Data for the American Community Survey and Census 2000 Supplementary Survey are collected from a sample of housing units and used to produce estimates of the actual figures that would have been obtained by interviewing the entire population using the same methodology.
Related terms: American Community Survey (ACS), Confidence interval (American Community Survey), Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS), Standard error (ACS)
Estimates base (Population Estimates Program)
The population count or estimate used as the starting point in the estimates process. It can be the last Census count or the estimate for a previous date. Also referred to as the "base population".
Related term: Population estimate (Population Estimates Program)
Ethnic groups
This discussion of ethnic groups applies to both Census 2000 and the American Community Survey 2004 and later years, unless otherwise stated. For detailed information about race and ethnic groups see the technical documentation for each survey or census.
There are two minimum categories for ethnicity: Hispanic or Latino and Not Hispanic or Latino. The federal government considers race and Hispanic origin to be two separate and distinct concepts. Hispanics and Latinos may be of any race.
The responses in the 1990 census showed that the placement of the question on Hispanic origin may have contributed to some confusion about the federal government's distinction between race and ethnicity. In the 1990 census the question on race appeared before the question on Hispanic origin, with two intervening questions, and about 40% of the respondents who selected "Other Race" wrote in a Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. To highlight the distinction between race and Hispanic origin beginning with Census 2000, the question on race was placed after the question on Hispanic origin. Also, there was a note to respondents instructing them to answer both questions.
Comparing American Community Survey and Decennial Census Data
To learn more about comparing decennial census data and American Community Survey data see the technical documentation for the specific decennial census, i.e., Census 2000, 1990 Census of Population and Housing, and the American Community Survey year of interest.
How Data on Race and Hispanic Origin are Used
Many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data are also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require these data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data are needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions.
Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act).
Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting
The Race and Ethnic standards were developed by the Office of Management and Budget in cooperation with Federal agencies to provide consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws.
The categories are designed for collecting data on the race and ethnicity of broad population groups in this country. They are based on social and political considerations -- not anthropological or scientific ones. Furthermore, the race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.
Related terms: Ancestry, Hispanic or Latino origin, Race, Spanish/Hispanic/Latino
European
Refers to people who reported their ancestry as "European."
Related term: Ancestry
Experienced civilian labor force
Consists of the employed and the experienced unemployed.
Related term: Unemployed
Experienced unemployed
These are unemployed people who have worked at any time in the past.
Related term: Unemployed
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