Detailed Statistical Tables

Table Notes

These notes pertain to the tables in this section and in appendix A, except as noted in footnotes and other explanatory information at the end of specific tables.

Company Size 

Companies were categorized by total number of domestic employees. The following are the size classes used in this report (see Comparability of Statistics in appendix A for information on how this expanded array of company size classes compares to size classes used previously):

• 5–24 employees
• 25–49 employees
• 50–99 employees
• 100–249 employees
• 250–499 employees
• 500–999 employees
• 1,000–4,999 employees
• 5,000–9,999 employees
• 10,000–24,999 employees
• 25,000 or more employees

The survey excludes companies with fewer than five employees to limit burden on small business enterprises in compliance with the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) guidelines for Federal government data collection activities.

Current And Constant Dollars 

Statistics in all tables are reported in current dollars. Constant dollars also are presented in the summary tables (1, 31, 32, and 33). Gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflators were used to convert current to constant dollars.

Disclosure And Suppression Of Statistics 

Title 13 of the United States Code and a pledge of confidentiality to respondents prohibit publication or release of data or statistics that may reveal information about individual companies. Therefore, the data in some table cells have been deleted and replaced with D. This occurs when a small number of companies account for a large percentage of the estimate in a particular data cell. Although publication of certain cells may be withheld, the estimates in the cells are always included in totals. The tables most often affected by cell suppression are those that contain data on federal support for industrial R&D performance.

Geographic Statistics 

The statistics in this report cover only those operations located in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC). Statistics on company-sponsored R&D performed outside the 50 U.S. states and DC by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. domestic companies are included in tables 17 and 18 but excluded from all other tables.

Historical Statistics 

Prior to the 1999 report, tables classified by industry contained the current survey's statistics plus statistics for 10 previous years. Because of the new classification system (see below), these tables now contain only statistics for the current year and prior years back through 1999. In Research and Development in Industry: 2000 an effort was made to provide a bridge for users who wanted to make year-to-year comparisons below the aggregate level. In several tables statistics from the 1997 and 1998 cycles of the survey, which were previously classified and published using the standard industrial classification (SIC) system, were reclassified using the new North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes. These reclassified statistics were published using their new NAICS classifications and were shown alongside the 1999 and 2000 statistics, which were estimated using NAICS from the outset.

Industry Classification 

One North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code was assigned to each company. Multiestablishment companies were assigned single codes based on the most dominant aggregated activity for that firm in terms of total payroll. Statistics for the following industries and industry groupings are published in this report (NAICS codes are given on the right) (see Comparability of Statistics in appendix A for information on NAICS and how it compares with the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system used in reports prior to the 1999 edition. The 1997 version of NAICS was used for the 1999–2002 surveys):

Since 1999, the frame from which the statistical samples were selected was divided into two partitions based on total company employment. In the manufacturing sector, companies with employment of 50 or more were included in the large-company partition. In the nonmanufacturing sector, companies with employment of 15 or more were included in the large-company partition. Companies in the respective sectors with employment below these values but with at least 5 employees were included in the small-company partition. The purpose of partitioning the sample this way was to reduce the variability in industry estimates largely attributed to the random year-to-year selection of small companies by industry and the high sampling weights that sometimes were assigned to them. Therefore, in the 1999 and 2000 reports detailed industry statistics were published only from the large-company partition; detailed industry statistics from the small-company partition were not. Statistics from the small-company partition were included in the manufacturing, nonmanufacturing, and all industries totals but were aggregated into "small-manufacturing" and "small-nonmanufacturing" classifications instead of being included in their respective industry classifications. Beginning with the 2001 report, this practice was evaluated and discontinued because it was determined that the data for small companies are more useful if they are included in their respective industries even given the sampling concerns described above.

Large Year-To-Year Changes 

Large year-to-year changes may occur because of the way industry classifications are assigned during statistical processing. A company's industry classification is a function of its primary activity based on payroll, which is not necessarily the primary source of its R&D activity. If the majority of a company's payroll shifts to an activity other than an R&D-related activity, for example trade, all of its R&D similarly shifts to the new activity. Further, the design of the statistical sample sometimes contributes to large year-to-year changes in industry estimates. Since relatively few companies perform R&D and there is no national register of industrial R&D performers, a large statistical "net" must be cast to capture new R&D performers. When these companies are sampled for the first time, they are often given weights much higher than they would be given if the their size and the amount of R&D they perform were known at the time of sampling. After the size of the company and the amount of R&D performed are discovered via the first survey, the weight assigned for subsequent surveys is adjusted.

Nonresponse and Imputation 

For various reasons, some firms did not choose to return the survey form or returned it with one or more blank items. (See Survey Nonresponse in appendix A for more information on the reasons for unit and item nonresponse.) Missing data for major data items were estimated using mathematical algorithms developed from industry comparisons, data from previous cycles of the survey, and other information. Therefore, the statistics in some table cells may be accompanied by the notation S, which indicates that the imputation rate—the percentage of the statistic not reported by respondents and consequently estimated—exceeds 50 percent for that item. In such cases, the estimate may be statistically unreliable. (See table A-5 for imputation rates for specific items.)

Percentages  

Percentages were calculated on the basis of thousands of dollars and may differ slightly from those calculated using the rounded figures shown.

Reporting Unit 

The basic reporting unit was the company, firm, or enterprise that included all establishments under common ownership or control. All R&D expenditures and all information about scientists and engineers of each company were classified into a single NAICS code and size category.

Rounding  

Because of rounding, detail items may not add to totals. Most money amounts are expressed in millions of dollars and are rounded down if less than $500,000 or up if $500,000 or more. Frequency estimates (e.g., number of companies) are accumulated from decimal weights assigned to company records (see Weighting and Maximum Weights in appendix A for information on how company records are weighted) and are rounded down if less than 0.5 and rounded up if 0.5 or greater. Most employment counts (e.g., number of scientists and engineers) are expressed in thousands and are rounded down if less than 500 or up if 500 or greater.

Zeroes  

When numerical values are accumulated from the statistical file to estimate money amounts and the accumulated sum rounds to or equals zero, the cell is filled with "-". In the cases where there were no numerical values to accumulate, the cell is filled with "—" indicating that data were not collected. For example, in all tables, cells for "other manufacturing" contain "—" because data were not collected.[4] When numerical values are accumulated from the statistical file to estimate numbers of companies (frequencies) and the accumulated sum rounds to or equals zero, the cell is filled with 0.

List of Tables

Table	Total Funds for R&D
1	Industrial R&D performance in the United States, by source of funds: 1953–2002	.xls	.pdf
2	Summary data for companies performing industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company: 2001–2002	.xls	.pdf
3	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
4	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
5	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of companies that performed R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company and by size of total R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
6	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of companies in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Distribution of R&D by Type of Cost
7	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and size of company and by type of cost: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Distribution of R&D by Technology Area
8	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and size of company and by technology area: 2002	.xls	.pdf
9	Companies reporting nanotechnology activity, by industry and size of company and by technology area and percentage of R&D attributable to nanotechnology: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Energy R&D
10	Funds for industrial energy R&D performance in the United States and companies that performed energy R&D in the United States, by selected industry and size of company: 2002 and projected 2003	.xls	.pdf
11	Funds for industrial energy R&D performance in the United States and number of companies that performed energy R&D in the United States, by primary energy source: 2002 and projected 2003	.xls	.pdf
Table	Company and Other Nonfederal Funds for R&D
12	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
13	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
14	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of companies that performed company and other nonfederally funded R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company and by size of nonfederally funded R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Company and Other Funds for R&D Performed by Outside Organizations
15	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States performed by outside organizations and number of R&D-performing companies that funded outside performance of company-funded R&D, by industry and size of company: 2001–2002	.xls	.pdf
16	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States by outside organizations and number of R&D-performing companies that funded outside performance of R&D, by type of organization and by industry and size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Company and Other Funds for R&D Performed Outside of the United States
17	Company and other nonfederal funds and number of companies that funded industrial R&D performed outside of the United States by majority-owned foreign affiliates and other organizations, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
18	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance outside of the United States by majority-owned foreign affiliates and other organizations, by location of R&D performance: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Company and Other Funds for R&D Performed in Collaboration with Other Organizations
19	Company and other nonfederal funds for performance of collaborative industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company, by type of collaborator: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Federal Funds for R&D
20	Federal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
21	Federal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
22	Federal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of companies that performed federally funded R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company and by size of federally funded R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Federal Funds for R&D by Funding Agency
23	Federal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by selected federal agency and selected industry: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Sales of R&D-Performing Companies and R&D as a Percent of Sales
24	Domestic net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
25	Concentration of total, federal, and company and other industrial R&D funds and net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, ranked by size of R&D program: 1992–2002	.xls	.pdf
26	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States as a percent of net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
27	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States as a percent of net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
28	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States as a percent of net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company, ranked by size of R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
29	Company and other nonfederal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States as a percent of net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company, ranked by size of nonfederally funded R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
30	Federal funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States as a percent of net sales of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company, ranked by size of federally funded R&D program: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Funds for Basic Research, Applied Research, and Development
31	Trends in total (federal plus company and other) funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development in the United States: 1953–2002	.xls	.pdf
32	Trends in company and other nonfederal funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development in the United States: 1953–2002	.xls	.pdf
33	Trends in federal funds for performance of industrial basic research, applied research, and development in the United States: 1953–2002	.xls	.pdf
34	Funds for performance of and number of companies that performed industrial basic research, applied research, and development in the United States, by industry and size of company and by source of funds: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Geographic Distribution of R&D
35	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States, by state: Selected years 1987–2002	.xls	.pdf
36	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of companies that performed R&D in the United States, by state and source of funds: 2002	.xls	.pdf
37	Funds for industrial R&D performance in the United States and number of R&D-performing companies in the United States, by industry and size of company, for the United States and top 10 R&D-performing states: 2002	.xls	.pdf
Table	Employment of R&D-Performing Companies
38	Domestic employment of companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
39	R&D funds per employee spent by companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf
40	Distribution of total employment in companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, ranked by size of R&D program: 1992–2002	.xls	.pdf
41	Full-time equivalent R&D scientists and engineers in companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company and by source of R&D funds: January 2003	.xls	.pdf
42	R&D funds per full-time equivalent R&D scientist or engineer spent by companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and by size of company: 2002	.xls	.pdf
43	R&D funds per full-time equivalent R&D scientist or engineer spent by companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, ranked by size of R&D program: 1992–2002	.xls	.pdf
44	Full-time equivalent R&D scientists and engineers per 1,000 employees in companies that performed industrial R&D in the United States, by industry and size of company: 1999–2002	.xls	.pdf

Go to: Table of Contents    Suggested Citation, Acknowledgments    Introduction    Detailed Statistical Tables    Appendix A: Technical Notes    Appendix B: Survey Documents

National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics
Research and Development in Industry: 2002
Arlington, VA (NSF 06-322) [August 2006]