AAALAC's Reference Resources

AAALAC International relies on the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, NRC 1996, as its primary standard for evaluating laboratory animal care and use programs. AAALAC International also refers to other specialty publications for supplemental information about procedures or techniques related to the care and use of laboratory animals. These specialty publications are designated as Reference Resources. Reference Resources, first established by AAALAC in 1975, are intended to serve as references and guidelines for laboratory animal care and use programs. Reference Resources are formally reviewed and adopted by the Council and assist site visitors as they evaluate animal programs. Below is a list of the reference resources utilized by Council and information on where to obtain them.

United States

1. The Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-544)
   and subsequent amendments, as promulgated in USDA regulations 9 CFR Chapter 1, Subchapter A, Animal Welfare. Parts 1, 2, and 3. USDA-APHIS-AC Unit 84, 4700 River Rd., Riverdale, MD 20737, 301/734-7833. http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm
   
   

2. AAALAC International Position Statements.
   
   
3. AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia (Formerly Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia) June 2007.
   http://www.avma.org/resources/euthanasia.pdf
   
   

4. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (5th edition).
   DHHS Pub. No. (CDC) 93-8395, Feb 2007. Division of Occupational Health and Safety, NIH, Bldg. 13, Rm. 3K04, 13 South Drive, MSC 5760, Bethesda, MD 20892. 301/496-2960. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm
   
   

5. Criteria for a recommended standard occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases and vapors;
   DHEW Pub. No. (NIOSH) 77-140, March 1977. www.cdc.gov/niosh/77-140.html
   
   

6. Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching.
   Federation of Animal Science Societies, First Revised Edition, January 1999. (Adopted January 1999) FASS, 111 North Dunlap Avenue, Savoy, IL 61987. 217/356-3182.
   
   

7. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research*. Journal of Mammology.  88(3):809-823, 2007.  http://www.mammalogy.org/committees/commanimalcareuse/ASM%20Animal%20Guidelines.pdf
   * AAALAC International accepts the Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research as a Reference Resource with the following clarification and exception:
   
   1. Clarification: AAALAC International underscores the need for scientific justification and IACUC approval for toe clipping, particularly with regard to withholding anesthetics and analgesics (pg 816).
   2. Exception: AAALAC International does not endorse drowning as a means of euthanasia (pg 815), as drowning is not considered acceptable by the 2007 AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia.
   
   

8. Guidelines for Animal Surgery in Research and Teaching,
   Am J Vet Res, 1993, 54:1544-1559. AVMA, 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196. 800/248-2862.
   
   

9. Guidelines for construction and equipment of hospital and medical facilities. AIA Press, 1993. AIA Press, 1735 New York Ave., NW, Washington, DC. 202/626-7332.
   
   

10. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research (NRC 2003). http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10732.html
    

    
    

11. Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules
    April 1988 (63 FR 26018). http://www4.od.nih.gov/oba/rac/guidelines/guidelines.html
    
    

12. Guidelines for Use of Live Amphibians and Reptiles in Field Research*.
    *This reference was adopted by the Council on Accreditation with the caveat that Council requires aseptic technique when conducting survival surgeries and that fixation in formalin must be preceded by anesthesia or euthanasia. It is maintained by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. (http://www.asih.org) Click here to download a copy in PDF format.
    
    

13. Institutional Administrator's Manual for Laboratory Animal Care and Use.
    DHHS Pub., (NIH) No. 88-2959, 1988. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, RKL I, Suite 360, MSC 7982, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7982. olaw@od.nih.gov
    
    

14. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook.
    2nd Edition, 2002. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfares/Applied Research Ethics National Association. http://www.grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guidebook.pdf
    
    

15. Laboratory Animal Management: Rodents. 1996.
    National Research Council. (Adopted September 1998) Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs. 1994. National Research Council. (Adopted September 1998)
    ILAR, 2101 Constitution Ave., MH 372. Washington, DC 20418. 202/334-2590. http://www.nap.edu/books/0309049369/html/index.html
    
    

16. Occupational Health and Safety Administration Standards
    29 CFR 1910.1030 - Bloodborne pathogens. (Adopted September 1998) http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10051
    
    

17. Occupational Health and Safety Administration Standards
    29 CFR 1910.1450 - Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories. (Adopted September 1998) http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10106
    
    

18. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals
    1997. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. (Adopted September 1997) National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave., NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055. 800/624-6242. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4988.html
    
    
    
19. Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Reprinted 2000.
    Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, RKL I, Suite 1050, MSC 7982, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7982. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/phspol.htm
    
    
    
20. Recommendations for Prevention of and Therapy for Exposure to B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1), Cohen JI, Davenport DS, Stewart JA, Deitchman S, Hilliard JK, Chapman LE. 2002 Nov 15; Clinical Infectious Diseases 35(10):1191-1203. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/bvirus.pdf
    
    
    
21. Report of the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine on Adequate Veterinary Care in Research, Testing, and Teaching. 1996. (Adopted September 1996) ACLAM, 200 Summerwinds Drive, Cary, NC 27511. http://www.aclam.org/education/guidelines/position_adequatecare.html
    
    

22. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates.
    National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1998. (Adopted January 1999) National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave., NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055. 800/624-6242. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html
    
    
    
    

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    Canada

23. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals.
    Canadian Council on Animal Care. Volume 1 (2nd. Edition), 1993. (Adopted May 1999) Canadian Council on Animal Care, 315-350 Albert St., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1R 1B1. http://www.ccac.ca/en/CCAC_Programs/Guidelines_Policies/GUIDES/ENGLISH/toc_v1.htm
    
    

24. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals.
    Canadian Council on Animal Care. Volume 2, 1984. (Adopted May 1999) Canadian Council on Animal Care, 315-350 Albert St., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1R 1B1. http://www.ccac.ca/en/CCAC_Programs/Guidelines_Policies/GUIDES/ENGLISH/TOC_V2.HTM
    
    

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    Europe

25. A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. J Appl Toxicol 21(1):15-23. Diehl KH, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, Vidal JM, van de Vorstenbosch C (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Association and European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods). 2001.
    
    

26. Council Directive 90/219/EEC of 23 April 1990 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organism. Official Journal L117, 08/05/1990 p 0001-0014 et seq.
    
    

27. Council Directive 90/220/EEC of 23 April 1990 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms. Official Journal L117, 08/05/1990 p 0015-0027.
    
    

28. Council Directive 91/628/EEC of 19 November 1991 on the protection of animals during transport and amending Directives 90/425/EEC and 91/496/EEC. Official Journal L 340, 11/12/1991 p 0017-0027.
    
    

29. Council Directive 94/55/ED of 21 November 1994 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road. Official Journal L 319, 28/10/1996 p 0001 et seq.
    
    

30. Council Directive on the Approximation of Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Regarding the Protection of Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes. European Union (Directive 86/609/EEC), 1986. (Adopted May 1999)
    
    

31. Council Directive on the Introduction of Measures to Encourage Improvement in the Safety and Health of Workers at Work (Directive 89/391/EEC), 1989. (Adopted May 1999)
    
    

32. Council Directive on the Protection of Workers from Risks Related to Exposure to Biological Agents at Work (Directive 90/679/EEC), 1990.
    (Adopted May 1999)
    
    

33. European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes. Council of Europe (Convention ETS 123), 2006. (Adopted May 1999) http://www.coe.int/t/e/legal_affairs/legal_co-operation/biological_safety,_use_of_animals/laboratory_animals/
    
    

34. Euthanasia of Experimental Animals. European Commission. DGXI, 1995. (Adopted May 1999)
    
    Note: references 33 through 44 are FELASA Guidelines. Visit http://www.felasa.org or the specific page links listed below.
    
    

35. FELASA Guidelines: Health monitoring of rodent and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/LAfel2.PDF
    
    

36. FELASA Guidelines: Health monitoring of breeding colonies and experimental units of cats, dogs and pigs
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/LAfel1.PDF
    
    

37. FELASA Guidelines: FELASA recommendations on the education and training of persons working with laboratory animals: Categories A and C
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/lafel7.pdf
    
    

38. FELASA Guidelines: Education of specialists in laboratory animal science (Category D)
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/LAfel3.pdf
    
    

39. FELASA Guidelines: FELASA recommendations for the education and training of persons carrying out animal experiments (Category B)
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/lafel6.pdf
    
    

40. FELASA Guidelines: Accreditation of laboratory animal diagnostic laboratories
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/LAfel4.pdf
    
    

41. FELASA Guidelines: Health monitoring of non-human primate colonies
    http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/LAfel5.pdf
    
    

42. FELASA Guidelines: Pain and distress in laboratory rodents and lagomorphs. Laboratory Animals (1994) 28: 97-112.
    
    

43. FELASA Guidelines: Sanitary aspects of handling non-human primates during transport. Laboratory Animals (1997) 31: 298-302.
    
    

44. FELASA Guidelines: FELASA recommendations for the health monitoring of experimental units of calves, sheep and goats. Laboratory Animals (2000) 34:329-350.
    
    

45. FELASA Guidelines: FELASA recommendations for the health monitoring of rodent and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units. Laboratory Animals (2001) 36: 20-42. 
    
    

46. FELASA Guidelines: FELASA quick reference guide on nutrition http://www.felasa.org/Documents/Nutrition.rtf
    
    

47. Guidance document on the recognition, assessment, and use of clinical signs as humane endpoints for experimental animals used in safety evaluation. November 2000. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 19. http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2000doc.nsf/LinkTo/env-jm-mono(2000)7
    
    

48. Health and Safety in Laboratory Animal Facilities. 1999. Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd. (M. Smith and M. Wood, Eds.). 249pp. http://www.roysocmed.ac.uk/pub/bkwood.htm
    
    

49. Protocol of Amendment to the European Convention for the protection of Vertebrate Animal used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes ETS 170.
    
    

50. UKCCCR Guidelines for the Welfare of Animals in Experimental Neoplasia (2nd Edition). United Kingdom Co-ordinating Committee on Cancer Research, London 1997.

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