Di,,.@,ciiss:Lon Draft/12-9-74 Area De@signati,,.)n GE@ZERAL The legislation mandates a limited number of general. and specific require- ments with respect to health service area designations. Within those Governors (as opposed to Federal officials) have great latitude and discretion in designating areas. There is an a ri assumption for approving proposed health service area designations that meet the two most specific requirements relating to population and SIISAs (see Part II, items C & E) and the process requirement with respect to consultation (Part II, item F) unless there is considerable evidence that the area proposed is an illogical or unworkable one and/or very substantial opposition to it from within the area itself and provider, consumer, and other groups in the State. Therefore any recommendation of non-approval of a proposed area that ostensibly meets the specific population and SMSA requirements, will be subject to review, and concurrence or override, by the joint regional office- headquarters review panel. Similarly, any requested waivers of the minimum population and/or SMSA requirements,, also will be subject to the review of this panel. The severity of that panel's review and actions in that regard will insignificant measure be a function of the number of waivers requested, since the "ideal." sought is Approximately 200 health services areas. 2 Requirements Elaboration 9. Existing CHP, EHSDS, and @ areas (or boundaries). While the "logic" of these existing health planning areas is hardly over- whelming in all instances, many do reflect or have demonstrated that they are highly suitable planning areas. 10. Special population characteristics that have a distinct areal dimension (e.g., reservation-dwelling Indians, preponderance of Spanish-speaking people in parts of certain Southwestern States). B. To the extent practicable, it shall The House Committee Report notes that this requirement "reflects include at least one center for the the desire that the health service areas provide a self-contained, provision of highly specialized comprehensive and complete range of health services such that an services. individual residing in the area would rarely if ever have to leave it in order to obtain needed medical care." The presence of a medical school, university health science center, and/or affiliated teaching or other major hospitals) offering specialized services for patients with cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke accident victim@, premature births, and the like, generally would be considered to satisfy this requirement, would in effect constitute a surrogate measure. It is not required, however, that each area necessarily have available all of the highly specialized and most sophisticated services (e.g., kidney transplantation open-heart surgery) or facilities (e.g., burn and trauma centers). Moreover, it is recognized that some areas will not include a major medical school and/or major teaching hospital. The following are among the considerations or factors to be taken into account in t ose instances. 1. The number and range of residency programs offered by the hospitals in the area. The distances the wide dispersion of major medical 2. separating, centers and/or other highly specialized facilities. If these are great (e.g., 100-200 miles or more), this certainly would be a mitigating factor. 40 3 Requirements Elaboration 3. The existence of long-standing, well-established referral patterns or formalized linkages with one or more major n@edical- centers outside the area (e.g., Bingham Associates program between Tufts and many Maine hospitals, the University of Iowa's Medical Center Statewide "network".) C. The area, upon its establishment, shall The House Committee Report states that "The 500,000 people ninim,,im have a population of not less than reflects the experience that effective health planning can be 500,000 or more than 3,000,000, except conducted only with an adequate base of population and health that - resources to sustain a planning processed' While waivers to the minimum 500,000 population requirement may be allowed, the Committee 1. It may exceed 3,000,000 if the area did not intend that "waivers in either lunusual' or 'highly includes an SMSA with-a population unusual' circumstances be used frequently." (See Part III for of more than 3,000,000. discussion of "Waivers" specifically. In that connection it should be noted that a request to establish a single, Statewide health 2. It may be less than 500,000 if the service area in a State with a population of less than 500,000 does area encompasses an entire State with not constitute a waiver request,.) a population of less than 500,000. Population for purposes of area designation is defined as being the most recent Current Population Estimate prepared by the Bureau of the Census which is available for all States. D. To the maximum extent practicable, the The House Coimnittee Report recognized "that the boundaries of areas boundaries of the area should be defined for different purposes cannot all be identical, the criteria appropriately coordinated with boundaries for designation of health service areas do not require that their of areas designated... for boundaries be identical with those for PSRO areas, regional planning areas, or State planning and administrative areas.11 In order to insure close coordination between health service areas and local Health Systems Agencies being established by this legislation and other State, regional, and local health and health- related planning and administrative areas and agencies, it is important that insofar as possible the former areas E. ELABORATION OF SPECIFIC -REQUIREMENTS Requirements Elaboration A. The area should be A number of more specific factors or considerations are relevant to this multi-faceted, general requirement. They include: 1. Arational geographic region 1. Geographic barriers or isolation (e.g., Rocky Mountains which separate eastern and western Colorado, panhandle of Alaska, upper peninsula of Michigan). 2. Within which there are available 2. Transportation arteries (e.g., the principal road and railroa a comprehensive range of health networks in the Dakotas and Montana run essentially east-west services, rather than north-south). 3. And which is of a character suitable 3. Economic trade areas. (The most authoritative definition of for the effective planning and ETAs is that of the Department of Commerce.) development of health services. 4. S@MSA boundaries. (There is of course a separate and distinct SMSA requirement; see item E below.) 5. State boundaries and those of local political subdivisions. (Also see item D below.) Many funding and other decisions of State and local general-purpose governments are highly relevant to health planning, resource development, and regulatory activities. Moreover, such governments frequently provide services and operate facilities as well as paying for care. 6. Health facilities, manpower, resources, and services available in the area. (There is of course a separate and distinct requirement.in this regard; see item B below.) 7. Health services utilization and referral patterns. 8.' Availability of data. Many kinds of data relevant for health planning and decision-making are not,disaggregated below the county 16vel. 4 Requirements Elaboration 1. Professional Standards Review 1. In the case of the PSROs Organizations a. either a single health service area encompass one or more PSRO areas in their entirety, b. or that several health service xeas collectively encompass a single PSRO area. 2. Existinc, regional planning areas, and 2. Be approximately congruent with one or several State planning and development districts as defined for A-95 purposes. 3. State planning and administrative areas. 3. Not divide locally established, functioning, and recognized COG areas. 4. Follow the boundaries of local political subdivisions of general- purpose governments (e.g., counties, incorporated cities, parishes in Louisiana, townships in New England). E. Each standard metropolitan statistical area The House Committee Report states that "While health service areas shall bQ entirely within the boundaries of should generally be larger than standard metropolitan statistical one health service area, except that if the areas, the Committee has recognized SMSAs as useful delineations of Governor 6f,each State in which a standard our major metropolitan areas and feels very strongly that health metropolitan statistical area is located service areas should not divide the 8MSAs. Since SMSAs often cross determines, with the approval of the State boundaries because metropolitan areas often do, the Committee Secretary, that in order to meet the other intends that where a major metropolitan area straddles a State requirements of this subsection a health boundary its health service area will also cross the State boundary. service area should contain only part of While provision is;made for waiving this requirement with the the standard metropolitan statistical approval of the Secretary, it is anticipated that the waiver will area, then such statistical area shall be granted rarely, perhaps in such situations as the Norfolk, Va., not be required to be entirely within SMSA which includes one county in northeast North Carolina." the boundaries of such health service area. (See Part III for discussion of "Waivers" specifically.) Each State's Governor shall in the Censultations with chief executive officers of political subdivisions development of boundaries for health shall as a minimum include: service areas consult with and solicit the views of 5 Recuirements Elaboration 1. The chief executive officer or 1. The chief elected official (e.g., mayor, chairman of county agency of the political subdivisions board of supervisors) or his or her representative, of each within the State, incorporated city, county, or similar local political sub- division with 50,000 or more population. 2. The State CHP agency, 2. Elected officials broadly representative of all counties and 3. Each areawide CHP agency, and incorporated places with less than 50,000 population. 4. Each PMP established in the State. Consultation with State and areawide CHP agencies and RMP shall include each Federally-funded CHP and PIT serving all or a portion of the State. In addition to the mandatory consultation prescribed above, it would be highly desirable for Governors, or their representatives, to consult with other agencies, groups, and organizations in their States, including: 1. Various State health and related agencies (e.g., health and mental health departments, vocational- "rehabilitation agencies). 2. Any EHSDS site(s) within the State. 3. Major health provider groups (e.g., State medical society, hospital association). 4. PSROS. 5. Voluntary health organizations (e.g., State heart association, mental retardation chapter). 6. Appropriate consumer groups. The form or method of consultation will be left to the discretion of the Governors, but must be requested in writing. It may include: 1. Written or oral statements or positions by agencies or their representatives. 6 Elaboration Requirements 2. Meetings with agency representatives, individually or severally, for the specific purpose of obtaining their views-. 3. Formal resolutions by legislative bodies or position state- ments by chief elected officials. 4. Public hearings. 5. A combination of these. III, WAIVERS Waiver requests will be s.ubject to particularly careful scrutiny and searching review by a small ad hoc review panel composed of both Federal regional office and headquarters officials. Approvals (or denial) of waiver requests will be made by the Administrator of HRA based upon the review and recommendations of that panel. A. Population Set fotth.below are the factors that will be looked at particularly as regards waiver requests proposing health service areas of less than 500,000 or 200,000 population. Since all waiver requests will be carefully scrutinized, it is important that hard data and information be supplied relating to the factor(s) used to justify waivers. 1. Rate of population growth in recent years. 2. How population density (e.g., 10-20 persons per square mile) over a large area (e.g., 100,000 square miles or more). 3. Geographic barriers or isolation; A.1 above. 4. Availability of health facilities, manpower, resources, and services; A.6 and B above. 5. Health services utilization and referral patterns; A.7 above. 6. Self-contained economic trade area. 7. Special population characteristics; A10 above. Demonstrated ability or reasonable evidence thereof that it will be able to obtain sufficient matching and/or other funds to support a minimum professional staff of five (5), that guaranteed Federal grant (i.e., 51-lo, per capita) and other funds will equal or exceed $200,000 annually. 2 B. SIISA.s The following are among the factors that @,7ill. be looked at particularly as regards waiver requests proposing health service areas that would divide an SMSA: 1. In the case of inter-State SMSAS, degree to which its population is overwhelmingly (e.g., 80% or more) in one State. 2. Also in the case of inter-State SMSAS, extent of cooperation (or non-cooperation) in other endeavors or efforts in recent years. 3. In the case of intra-State-SMSA, extent to which they are coterminous with, existing PSRO areas and State planning and development districts. 4. Extent to which they are coterminous with existing areawide CHP and other health planning areas. 5. Degree of acceptability to local elected officials, health providers, consumer groups,, and others in the area proposed.