Worker Health Chartbook 2004

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1		Figure 1-3 Distribution of the civilian labor force by race, 1980-2000 and projected to 2010. The labor force participation of black workers and Asian and other workers has increased since 1980, with black workers projected to account for 12.7% of the labor force and Asian and other workers for 6.1% by 2010. Corresponding decreases are shown for white workers, whose labor force participation is projected to decline to 81.2% by 2010. (Sources: BLS [2002a]; Fullerton and Toossi [2001].)
2		Figure 1-30 Distribution of employed U.S. workers in 2000 and nonfatal occupational injury and illness cases with days away from work in private industry in 2001 by race/ethnicity. Hispanic workers accounted for 10.2% of employed U.S. workers in 2000 but 17.1% of all nonfatal injury and illness cases in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 74.1% of employed U.S. workers in 2000 but 68.2% of nonfatal injury and illness cases with days away from work in 2001. (Sources: Census [2003]; BLS [2003c].)
3		Figure 2-5 Distribution and number of anxiety, stress, and neurotic disorder cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 3,930 of the 5,659 BLS-estimated anxiety, stress, and neurotic disorder cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for the majority of cases (64.8%). Black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic workers accounted for 9.6% and 20.7% of the cases, respectively. (Sources: BLS [2003a,b]; Booth-Jones et al. [2003a].)
4		Figure 2-21 Distribution and number of fatal occupational injuries by race, 2002. The 3,917 fatal injuries among white, non-Hispanic workers represented 71.0% of all fatal occupational injuries in 2002. Hispanic workers accounted for 840 cases or 15.2% of fatal occupational injuries in 2002. (Source: BLS [2003].)
5		Figure 2-22 Annual rates of fatal occupational injuries by race, 1980-2000. (All data for 1980-2000 exclude New York City.) In general, fatal occupational injury rates decreased for all races during 1980-2000. From 1991 through 1994, the rates for other races increased because of changes in methods for coding race information. Before 1998, black workers had slightly higher fatal occupational injury rates than white workers. But after 1998, the rates for white workers were slightly higher than those for black workers and for workers of all other races. (Source: NIOSH [2003].)
6		Figure 2-41 Distribution of MSD cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 373,710 of the 522,528 BLS-estimated MSD cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 71.6% of MSD cases and 68.2% of all nonfatal injury and illness cases. Black, non-Hispanic workers and Hispanic workers accounted for 12.1% and 13.7% of MSD cases, respectively. (Source: BLS [2003d].)
7		Figure 2-64 Distribution and number of tendonitis cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 10,268 of the 14,124 BLS-estimated tendonitis cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for the majority of cases (71.3% or 7,325 cases) in 2001. Hispanic workers accounted for 13.6% or 1,400 cases of tendonitis, and black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 12.7% or 1,302 cases. (Sources: BLS [2003a,b]; Booth-Jones et al. [2003c].)
8		Figure 2-73 Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses treated in hospital emergency departments, by race/ethnicity, 1999. Among workers of known race/ethnicity treated in hospital emergency departments, 2,464,000 or 78.3% were white, non-Hispanic; 459,000 or 14.6% were black, non-Hispanic; and 225,000 or 7.1% were Hispanic. Race/ethnicity was unknown for a large portion of the workers treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments. (Sources: NEISS [2003]; Jackson [2003].)
9		Figure 2-84 Distribution of amputation cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 7,208 of the 8,612 BLS-estimated amputation cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for slightly fewer amputation cases (64.8%) than all nonfatal injury and illness cases (68.2%), as did black, non-Hispanic workers (10.3% versus 11.9%). But Hispanic workers accounted for more amputation cases (23%) than all nonfatal injury and illness cases (17.1%). (Source: BLS [2003a].)
10		Figure 2-93 Distribution of back injury cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 269,108 of the 372,683 BLS-estimated back injury cases involving days away from work in 2001. Relatively small race/ethnicity differences existed between back injury cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 69.5% of back injury cases and 68.2% of all nonfatal injury and illness cases. Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 12.1% of back injury cases, and Hispanic workers accounted for 15.7%. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
11		Figure 2-102 Distribution of bruise and contusion cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 96,014 of the 136,361 BLS-estimated bruise and contusion cases involving days away from work in 2001. For Hispanic workers and other workers, relatively small differences existed between the distribution of bruise and contusion cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 64.3% of bruise and contusion cases and 68.2% of nonfatal injury and illness cases. Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 15.0% of bruise and contusion cases and 11.9% of all nonfatal injuries and illnesses. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
12		Figure 2-113 Distribution of heat burn and scald cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 18,617 of the 25,078 BLS-estimated heat burn and scald cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 66.6% of heat burn and scald cases and 68.2% of all nonfatal injury and illness cases. Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 12.7% of heat burn and scald cases (slightly more than for all nonfatal injury and illness cases), and Hispanic workers accounted for 15.6% of heat burn and scald cases (slightly less than for all nonfatal injury and illness cases). (Source: BLS [2003a].)
13		Figure 2-122 Distribution of cut and laceration cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 87,995 of the 114,791 BLS-estimated cut and laceration cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for fewer cut and laceration cases (60.7%) than all nonfatal injury and illness cases (68.2%). Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 11.3% of cut and laceration cases, and Hispanic workers accounted for 24.5%- a much greater percentage than the 17.1% reported for all nonfatal injury and illness cases. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
14		Figure 2-133 Distribution of fracture cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 84,480 of the 108,127 BLS-estimated fracture cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for a greater proportion of fracture cases (73.9%) than for all nonfatal injury and illness cases (68.2%). Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 8% of fracture cases and Hispanic workers accounted for 15.9%-both smaller proportions than reported for all nonfatal injury and illness cases. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
15		Figure 2-142 Distribution of sprain, strain, and tear cases and all nonfatal injury and illness cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 481,012 of the 669,889 BLS-estimated sprain, strain, and tear cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for more sprain, strain, and tear cases (69.9%) than all nonfatal injury and illness cases (68.2%). Black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 12.4% of sprain, strain, and tear cases, and Hispanic workers accounted for 15.2%. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
16		Figure 2-167 Distribution and number of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by sex and race, 1990-1999. Nearly 29% of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths occurred in women during 1990-1999. White residents accounted for 95.7% of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths during this period. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
17		Figure 2-170 Distribution and number of malignant mesothelioma deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 and older by sex and race, 1999. More than 80% of malignant mesothelioma deaths occurred in men in 1999. White residents accounted for 94.8% of malignant mesothelioma deaths. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
18		Figure 2-174 Distribution of pneumoconiosis deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by race, 1990-1999. During 1990-1999, decedents with pneumoconiosis were predominantly white. Less than 4% of CWP deaths occurred among nonwhite residents. By contrast, 15% of silicosis decedents were nonwhite. (Note: The sum of deaths for various types of pneumoconiosis exceeds the total number of pneumoconiosis deaths because some decedents had more than one type of pneumoconiosis.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
19		Figure 2-212 Distribution and number of dermatitis cases involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Race/ethnicity data are available for 3,464 of the 4,714 BLS-estimated dermatitis cases involving days away from work in 2001. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 64.5% of the cases, and Hispanic workers accounted for 20.1%. (Sources: BLS [2003a,b]; Booth-Jones et al. [2003d].)
20		Figure 3-4 Number and rate of fatal occupational injuries by race in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry, 1992-2001. (Fatality data exclude New York City.) White workers accounted for the highest number of fatal occupational injuries (7,018) in agriculture, forestry, and fishing during 1992-2001. The highest rate was observed among black workers (26.9 fatalities per 100,000 employed workers). American Indians or Alaska Natives had the lowest number (60) and rate (20.7 per 100,000) of fatal occupational injuries. (Sources: BLS [2002a,b]; Myers [2003].)
21		Figure 3-24 Number of nonfatal injuries to all youths and working youths under age 20 on racial minority farm operations by race, 2000. On minority farm operations in 2000, the most nonfatal injuries to all youths under age 20 occurred among American Indian or Alaska Native youths (206 injuries), followed by other (105), white youths (92), black youths (78), and Asian or Pacific Islanders (50). Far fewer nonfatal injuries occurred among working youths. (Source: Myers et al. [2003].)
22		Figure 3-25 Number and rate of nonfatal injuries to household youths under age 20 on racial minority farm operations by race, 2000. American Indian and Alaska Native youths had the highest number (177) and rate (24.0 per 1,000 youths) of nonfatal injuries among household youths on minority farm operations. Youths of other races had the second highest number (96) and rate (12.3 per 1,000 youths) of nonfatal injuries among household youths, followed by black youths and Asian or Pacific Islander youths. (Source: Myers et al. [2003].)
23		Figure 3-26 Number and rate of nonfatal injuries to youths under age 20 on racial minority farm operations by relationship to the farm, 2000. Household youths had the highest number (348) and rate (12.2 per 1,000 youths) of nonfatal injuries among youths on racial minority farm operations in 2000. Hired workers had the second highest injury rate (2.7 per 1,000 hired working youths) but the lowest number of injuries (20). Visiting relatives accounted for the second highest number of nonfatal youth injuries (124), followed by hired workers (20). (Source: Myers et al. [2003].)
24		Figure 3-27 Number and rate of nonfatal occupational injuries to youths under age 20 on racial minority farm operations by relationship to the farm, 2000. Household youths had the highest number (138) and rate (11.7 per 1,000 youths) of nonfatal occupational injuries to youths on racial minority farm operations in 2000. Visiting relatives had the next highest number of injuries (42) and the same rate of nonfatal occupational injuries as hired workers (2.7 per 1,000 youths). (Source: Myers et al. [2003].)
25		Figure 3-28 Number and rate of nonfatal injuries to household youths under age 20 on racial minority farm operations by known injury hazard, 2000. Of the four known injury hazards to household youths in 2000, work accounted for the highest number (138) and rate (11.7 per 1,000 youths) of nonfatal injuries to these youths on racial minority farm operations. Horses accounted for the second highest number (60) and rate (8.0 per 1,000 youths) of these nonfatal injuries, followed by all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and tractors. (Source: Myers et al. [2003].)
26		Figure 4-18 Mean hearing thresholds over a range of frequencies (0.5-6.0 kilohertz) among black and white male sand and gravel workers and a population unexposed to workplace noise, by age, 2000. Hearing loss among black and white male sand and gravel workers was greater than hearing loss among a population that was unexposed to workplace noise. Different patterns of hearing loss were observed for black and white workers: Most statistically significant differences in hearing thresholds occurred among the younger white workers (those aged 20-29 and 30-39) and among the older black workers (those aged 40-49 and 50-59). (Sources: Royster and Thomas [1979]; Royster et al. [1980]; NIOSH [2003a,c].)
27		Figure 5-4 Median days away from work due to occupational injury or illness in private industry by race/ethnicity, 2001. Median days of work loss varied from 5 to 7 days in 2001. Hispanic workers had the highest median work loss of 7 days. Race/ethnicity was not reported for 415,616 of the 1.5 million reported injuries and illnesses involving days away from work. (Sources: BLS [2003b,c].)
28		Figure 5-8 Number and distribution of fatal occupational injuries among workers aged 17 and younger by race/ethnicity, 1992-2002. White, non-Hispanic youths accounted for 520 or 73.6% of fatal occupational injuries among workers aged 17 and younger during 1992-2002. In contrast, 39 fatal occupational injuries (5.5%) were reported for black, non-Hispanic youths, and 114 (16.1%) were reported for Hispanic youths during the 11-year period. (Source: BLS [2003d].)
29		Figure 5-24 Distribution and number of fatal occupational injuries among workers aged 55 and older by race/ethnicity, 1992-2002. White, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 12,075 or 82.1% of fatal occupational injuries among workers aged 55 and older. Black, non-Hispanic workers in this age group accounted for 1,237 fatal occupational injuries or 8.4% of the total. Hispanic workers suffered 854 fatal occupational injuries or 5.8%. (Source: BLS [2003d].)
30		Figure 5-32 Number and distribution of fatal occupational injuries by race/ethnicity among Hispanic and non-Hispanic workers, 2002. The 840 fatal occupational injuries among Hispanic workers (15.2% of the total) represented a 5.7% decrease from the 891 fatal occupational injuries reported in 2001. The 3,917 fatal injuries among white, non-Hispanic workers represented 70.9% of all fatal occupational injuries in 2002. (Source: BLS [2003a].)
31		Figure 5-39 Distribution and number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work in private industry by race/ethnicity among Hispanic and non-Hispanic workers, 2001. Among cases reporting race/ethnicity in 2001, white, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 68.2% of the cases involving days away from work. Hispanic workers represented 17.1% of the cases involving days away from work, and black, non-Hispanic workers accounted for 11.9%. (Note: Race/ethnicity was not reported for 415,616 of the 1.5 million cases involving days away from work in 2001). (Source: BLS [2003b].)
32		Table 1-3 Number of employed workers by major occupational group and percentage of female, black, and Hispanic workers, 2001. Two occupational groups (managerial and professional specialty; and technical, sales, and administrative support) employed 60% of all workers (or 80.9 million workers). Female workers accounted for nearly half (46.6%) of all employed workers and more than half of workers in technical, sales, and administrative support (63.7%) and in service occupations (60.4%). Black workers accounted for 11.3% of all workers, and service occupations had the greatest proportion of black workers (17.9%). Hispanic workers accounted for 10.3% of all workers, and farming, forestry, and fishing had the greatest proportion of Hispanic workers (21.5%). (Source: BLS [2001].)
33		Table 1-4 Number of employed workers by major industry sector and percentage of female, black, and Hispanic workers, 2001. Most workers (71.9%, or 97.1 million) were employed by the services, wholesale and retail trade, and manufacturing sectors. Female workers accounted for nearly half of all workers (46.6%) and for more than half the workers in services; finance, insurance, and real estate; and retail trade. Black workers accounted for 11.3% of all workers, but public administration and transportation and public utilities had the greatest proportions of black workers (16.2% and 15.8%, respectively). Hispanic workers accounted for 10.9% of all workers, but agriculture and construction had the greatest proportions of Hispanic workers (20.3% and 15.8%, respectively). (Source: BLS [2001].)

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