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| 1 |  | Figure 2-165 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with hypersensitivity pneumonitis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1979-1999. The annual number of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths generally increased during 1979-1999, from fewer than 15 per year in 1979 to 57 in 1999. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was designated as the underlying cause of death in at least half of deaths associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis for every year except 1982. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 2 |  | Figure 2-166 Age-adjusted mortality rates for hypersensitivity pneumonitis in U.S. residents aged 15 and older by State, 1990-1999. States with higher hypersensitivity pneumonitis mortality rates during 1990-1999 were in the upper Midwest, the northern Plains and Mountain States, and New England. In the group of States with the highest mortality from hypersensitivity pneumonitis, rates ranged from three to five times the U.S. rate of 0.2 per million. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 3 |  | Figure 2-167 Distribution and number of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by sex and race, 1990-1999. Nearly 29% of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths occurred in women during 1990-1999. White residents accounted for 95.7% of hypersensitivity pneumonitis deaths during this period. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 4 |  | Figure 2-168 Number of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with malignant mesothelioma listed as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate by type of mesothelioma, 1999. Of the 2,485 malignant mesothelioma deaths in 1999, the highest proportion was classified as an unspecified type. In nearly 95% of all deaths, malignant mesothelioma was listed as the underlying cause. (Note: The total number of deaths by subtype exceeds the number for all sites because more than one subtype was listed for some decedents.) (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 5 |  | Figure 2-169 Age-adjusted mortality rates for malignant mesothelioma in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1999. The highest malignant mesothelioma mortality rates occurred in Alaska and Maine in 1999. The rates for each of these States were more than twice the national rate of 11.7 per million. States in the next highest rate group were widely dispersed, with a concentration on the eastern seaboard and in the West. The rates in these States were nearly 1.5 to 2 times the U.S. rate. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 6 |  | Figure 2-170 Distribution and number of malignant mesothelioma deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 and older by sex and race, 1999. More than 80% of malignant mesothelioma deaths occurred in men in 1999. White residents accounted for 94.8% of malignant mesothelioma deaths. (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 7 |  | Figure 2-171 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for malignant mesothelioma in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, 1999. Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals, electric light and power, and construction industries were associated with the highest significant malignant mesothelioma PMRs. Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, and electricians (which are occupations associated with the construction industry) were highly associated with malignant mesothelioma mortality. Elementary school teachers also had a significant malignant mesothelioma PMR. (Note: This figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on 10 or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002e].)
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| 8 |  | Figure 2-172 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with pneumoconiosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. During 1968-1999, deaths from asbestosis increased over time, whereas deaths from CWP decreased. Deaths from all pneumoconioses are shown at the top of each stacked bar. The bars slightly overstate the numbers because a small fraction of deaths was associated with more than one type of pneumoconiosis. (Note: Byssinosis data were not available before 1979. Also note that the sum of deaths for various types of pneumoconiosis (N=123,091) exceeds the total number of pneumoconiosis deaths (N=121,982) because some decedents had more than one type of pneumoconiosis recorded on their death certificates.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 9 |  | Figure 2-173 Distribution of pneumoconiosis deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by sex, 1990-1999. Men accounted for more than 98% of the 31,452 decedents with any type of pneumoconiosis during 1990-1999. However, an unusually large proportion of byssinosis decedents (33%) were female. (Note: The sum of deaths for various types of pneumoconiosis exceeds the total number of pneumoconiosis deaths because some decedents had more than one type of pneumoconiosis.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 10 |  | Figure 2-174 Distribution of pneumoconiosis deaths in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by race, 1990-1999. During 1990-1999, decedents with pneumoconiosis were predominantly white. Less than 4% of CWP deaths occurred among nonwhite residents. By contrast, 15% of silicosis decedents were nonwhite. (Note: The sum of deaths for various types of pneumoconiosis exceeds the total number of pneumoconiosis deaths because some decedents had more than one type of pneumoconiosis.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 11 |  | Figure 2-175 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with asbestosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. The number of asbestosis deaths increased from 77 in 1968 to 1,265 in 1999. During this period, asbestosis was listed each year as the underlying cause in nearly a third of all asbestosis deaths. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 12 |  | Figure 2-176 Age-adjusted mortality rates for asbestosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1990-1999. Delaware and West Virginia had the highest asbestosis mortality rates during 1990-1999. States in the second highest mortality rate category were predominantly coastal States. All States in these two groupings had asbestosis mortality rates above the U.S. rate of 5.4 per million. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 13 |  | Figure 2-177 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for asbestosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, adjusted for age, race, and sex, 1990-1999. Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products and ship and boat building and repairing had the highest significant asbestosis PMRs among industries. Among occupations, insulation workers and boilermakers had the highest asbestosis PMRs. (Note: The figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on 10 or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 14 |  | Figure 2-178 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with byssinosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1979-1999. The number of byssinosis deaths was fewer than 20 for each year between 1979 and 1999. During this period, byssinosis was listed as the underlying cause in 50% of the byssinosis deaths. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 15 |  | Figure 2-179 Age-adjusted mortality rates for byssinosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1990-1999. States with the highest byssinosis mortality rates during 1990-1999 were located predominantly in the Southeast in the textile-producing States. During this period, more than half of byssinosis decedents were residents of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 16 |  | Figure 2-180 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for byssinosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, adjusted for age, race, and sex, 1990-1999. Significant byssinosis PMRs were associated with a single industry-yarn, thread, and fabric mills. Among occupations, elevated byssinosis PMRs were associated with miscellaneous textile machine operators, industrial machine repairers, and winding and twisting machine operators. (Note: The figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on five or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 17 |  | Figure 2-183 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with CWP recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. The number of CWP deaths experienced a long-term decline during 1968-1999, from more than 2,500 deaths per year in the early 1970s and 1980s to fewer than 1,500 in the late 1990s. Although the annual number of deaths declined steadily after 1982, the proportion of deaths with CWP listed as the underlying cause on the death certificate remained fairly constant, hovering around 37% from 1980 to 1999. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 18 |  | Figure 2-184 Age-adjusted mortality rates for CWP in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1990-1999. West Virginia had the highest CWP mortality rate-nearly 20 times the rate of 7.56 per million for the entire United States. The second highest rate category included the Appalachian and western coal mining regions. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 19 |  | Figure 2-185 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for CWP in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, adjusted for age, race, and sex, 1990-1999. Among industries, coal mining and metal mining were associated with elevated CWP mortality during 1990-1999. Among occupations, the three highest significant PMRs were associated with mining. (Note: This figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on 10 or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 20 |  | Figure 2-186 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with unspecified/other pneumoconiosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. The number of unspecified/other pneumoconiosis deaths declined sharply from a high of 1,524 in 1972 to fewer than 400 per year in 1983 and thereafter. The proportion of these deaths in which unspecified/other pneumoconiosis was listed as the underlying cause hovered around 34%. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 21 |  | Figure 2-187 Age-adjusted mortality rates for unspecified/other pneumoconiosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1990-1999. During 1990-1999, West Virginia had the highest mortality rates for unspecified/other pneumoconiosis-more than 20 times the U.S. rate of 1.59 per million. High rates were observed among other Appalachian and Western mining States, ranging from two to nine times the U.S. rate. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 22 |  | Figure 2-188 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for unspecified/other pneumoconiosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, adjusted for age, race, and sex, 1990-1999. Coal and metal mining industries were associated with elevated mortality from unspecified/other pneumoconiosis (as these industries were also associated with high CWP mortality). In addition, the glass and glass products industry had a significantly high PMR. Among occupations, mining machine operators and supervisors, extractive occupations were associated with the highest PMRs, followed by welders and cutters and electricians. (Note: This figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on 10 or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 23 |  | Figure 2-192 Number of deaths of U.S. residents aged 15 or older with silicosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. The number of silicosis deaths declined sharply from 1,157 deaths in 1968 to 187 deaths in 1990. Silicosis was listed as the underlying cause of death in nearly half of all silicosis deaths from 1990 to 1999. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 24 |  | Figure 2-193 Age-adjusted mortality rates for silicosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by State, 1990-1997. States with the highest silicosis mortality rates during 1990-1999 were regionally dispersed: West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Vermont make up the eastern cluster; and Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah constitute the western cluster. Mortality rates for each of these States were at least three times the rate of 1.21 per million for the entire United States. (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 25 |  | Figure 2-194 PMRs and 95% confidence intervals for silicosis in U.S. residents aged 15 or older by industry and occupation, adjusted for age, race, and sex, 1990-1999. During 1990-1999, metal mining was associated with the highest significant silicosis PMR among industries. Among occupations, miscellaneous metal and plastic processing machine operators had the highest silicosis PMR. (Note: This figure presents the highest significant PMRs based on 10 or more deaths.) (Source: NIOSH [2002f].)
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| 26 |  | Figure 4-19 Numbers of deaths, crude mortality rates, and age-adjusted mortality rates for U.S. residents aged 15 or older with coal workers' pneumoconiosis recorded as an underlying or contributing cause on the death certificate, 1968-1999. After passage of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, an increase occurred in the number and rate of deaths reported with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (black lung) recorded on the death certificate. The number and rate of these deaths were at their lowest in 1999, the last year for which data are currently available. The number decreased from 2,870 in 1972 to 1,003 in 1999. In 1972, the crude and age-adjusted mortality rates were 18.9 and 21.2 per million population, respectively. Both rates declined to 4.7 per million in 1999. (Note: Age-adjusted mortality rates are standardized to the year 2000 standard population.) (Sources: NCHS [2002]; NIOSH [2002].)
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