Acknowledgments

Glossary Terms

The following sources were used to develop the glossary and species accounts:

Opler, P.A. and A.B. Wright. 1999. Peterson field guide to western butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 544 pp.

Covell, C.V., Jr. 2005. A field guide to moths of eastern North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA. 496 pp.

Images

We thank the following persons or entities for provision of color images used on the butterfly web pages:

* Tim Adams, E-mail: polydamas(at)ij.net
* Kurt Adolfson, White Bear Lake, Minnesota, E-mail: adol0002(at)juno.com
* Douglas Aguillard, San Diego, California
* Jane Austin, US Geological Survey, Jamestown, North Dakota, E-mail: jane_austin(at)usgs.gov
* Benton Basham
* Gary A. Becker, E-mail: garyabecker(at)msn.com
* Jim Brock
* Peter J. Bryant, Irvine, California, E-mail: pjbryant(at)uci.edu
* Evi Buckner, Loveland, Colorado, E-mail: paulopler(at)comcast.net
* Steve Cary
* Elizabeth Cavazos
* Mickey Alesch Collier, Graphic Artist/Photographer, E-mail: spider_(at)tds.net
* Linda Cooper, Haines City, Florida
* Jay Cossey, London, Canada, E-mail: jayc(at)nettaxi.com, http://www.images.on.ca
* Whitney Cranshaw
* Neil Dankert
* Jim A. Ebner, E-mail: JAE103030(at)cs.com
* Alana Edwards, E-mail: edwards_alana(at)hotmail.com
* Randy Emmitt, Rougemont, North Carolina, E-mail: birdcr(at)concentric.net, http://www.rlephoto.com
* Terry & Marci Fuller
* Carmen Perez Garcia
* Nick V. Grishin, Dallas, Texas, E-mail: grishin(at)chop.swmed.edu
* Peter Hall
* F.R. Hedges
* Doug Johnson, E-mail: catsmeow(at)core.com
* George O. Krizek, Washington, D.C. Phone: 202-234-2400
* Don Lafontaine
* John Lane
* G.W. Lasley
* Brent Lossing
* Gary Marrone, Fort Pierre, South Dakota, E-mail: gmarrone(at)aol.com
* Sam McCaughey
* Lynn & Gene Monroe, Lyons, Colorado
* Bob Moul, Adams County, PA, http://www.pbase.com/rcm1840
* Paul A. Opler, Loveland, Colorado, E-mail: paulopler(at)comcast.net, http://www.webaccess.net/~paulevi
* David Powell, Brandon, Florida, E-mail: vireo(at)vireos.com, http://www.vireos.com/butterflies.html
* Mike Quinn
* J. Riggenbach
* Royal Ontario Museum
* Jane Ruffin
* Erik Runquist, E-mail: erunquist(at)hotmail.com
* Ray Stanford, Denver, Colorado, E-mail: r.k.stanford(at)mindspring.com
* Laura Stockton
* Todd Stout, E-mail: todd_stout29(at)hotmail.com
* Ellie Thompson, E-mail: LagunaElli(at)aol.com
* Steve West
* Lori M. Wilson, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
* Harry Zirlin, E-mail: hzirlin(at)debevoise.com

We thank the following who have graciously allowed us to use their photographs of moths on this website:

* Steve Bayer, http://www.steve-o.com
* Vernon A. Brou, Jr. E-mail: vabrou(at)bellsouth.net
* Peter J. Bryant, Irvine, California, E-mail: pjbryant(at)uci.edu
* Tami Carlson, St. Paul, Minnesota
* G. R. Carner
* Julie Clark, La Canada, California
* Mickey Alesch Collier, Graphic Artist/Photographer, Email: spider_(at)tds.net
* Matthew Faulkner, Oakland, California, E-mail: matthew_faulkner(at)yahoo.com
* Bruce Hanson, US Geological Survey, Jamestown, North Dakota, E-mail: bruce_hanson(at)usgs.gov
* Chuck Harp, Littleton, Colorado
* Mel Henzler, Findlay, Ohio
* Bob Moul, Adams County, PA, http://www.pbase.com/rcm1840
* Nile Oldham, Ijamsville, Maryland, E-mail: nile(at)velocecorp.net
* Paul A. Opler, Loveland, Colorado, E-mail: paulopler(at)comcast.net, http://www.webaccess.net/~paulevi
* Richard Peigler, Denver Museum of Natural History, Colorado
* Leroy Simon, Belleview, Florida
* Steve Smith
* Steve Stone, Denver, Colorado
* Reg Veas, Ontario, Canada
* Bill Welch, http://siscom.net/~wwelch/
* Karen Wilson

Butterflies of the Eastern United States (Opler)

Museum collections surveyed by the compiler were the National Museum of Natural History (Washington, D.C.); Frost Museum, Pennsylvania State University; and the E. O. Essig Museum, University of California at Berkeley. Other state institutional collections were surveyed by contributors.

Acknowledgments: The contributors should receive most of the credit for the many days afield and the many hours spent compiling records. The names of the many collectors or naturalists who provided data to state compilers or for recently published state treatments are not all included, but their contributions were crucial of course. Dr. John M. Burns (USNM), Dr. K. C. Kim (Frost Museum), and Dr. J. A. Powell (Essig Museum) kindly allowed me to examine collections under their care. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided logistic support. All work by the compiler was carried out during non-duty hours.

ALABAMA: J. Brill, *C. T. Bryson, O. Chermock, J. J. Lavasseur; ARKANSAS: H. E. Barton, V. Board, *L. Paulissen (deceased), J. R. Heitzman; CONNECTICUT: *L. F. Gall, *J. DeWind, *A. B. Klots (deceased), *D. F. Schweitzer, B. Williams III; FLORIDA: *R. A. Anderson, *H. D. Baggett, T. S. Dickel, F. S. Howell, *B. Lencewski, J. & N. Riggenbach; GEORGIA: R. T. Arbogast, *I. Finkelstein, H. Flashka, J. Maudsly, P. Milner, R. A. Moulis, *A. Towers; ILLINOIS: R. T. Arbogast, *P. J. Conway, D. Heath, *D. Hess, R. R. Irwin, *J. M. Prescott (deceased), Y. Sedman, E. Tryon, J. R. Wiker; INDIANA: R. Bracher, C. Burkhart, E. M. Shull; IOWA: P. J. Conway, *J. C. Downey, KENTUCKY: *C. V. Covell, Jr., L. Koehn, A. Showalter; LOUISIANA: *M. L. Israel; MAINE: J. Brewer, *A. E. Brower (deceased), *L. P. Grey (deceased); MARYLAND: *W. Andersen, *J. H. Fales, *P. J. Kean, W. Grooms, A. Platt, R. Simmons, *R. H. Smith, R. Stewart, M. Carpenter, R. T. Mitchell; MASSACHUSETTS: D. Bowers, *L. F. Gall, C. Leahy, *D. F. Schweitzer, B. Williams III, D. Willis, *W. D. Winter; MICHIGAN: *M. C. Nielsen, J. Parkinson; MINNESOTA: R. Dana, R. L. Huber, *J. S. Nordin, T. L. McCabe; MISSISSIPPI: *C. T. Bryson, *B. Mather; MISSOURI: G. Balogh, *J. R. Heitzman; NEW HAMPSHIRE: J. Holmes, W. J. Kiel, *W. D. Winter; NEW JERSEY: D. Adelberg (deceased), *M. Monica, *J. Muller, D. F. Schweitzer, *R. E. Stanford, W. B. Wright; NEW YORK: *J. Ingraham, L. L. Pechumen; NORTH CAROLINA: *R. W. Cavanaugh, Jr., *C. & S. Gifford (deceased), W. H. Hartgroves, R. E. Price, Jr., J. B. Sullivan III, N. A. White; OHIO: *D. A. Curutt, *L. Koehn, V. P. Lucas (Deceased), *L. Martin, *D. Parshall, A. Williams; PENNSYLVANIA: R. W. Boscoe, W. F. Boscoe, G. Ehle, *F. D. Fee, T. A. Greager, G. B. Murray, C. G. Oliver, G. Patterson (deceased), *J. M. Prescott (deceased), *E. Quinter, C. E. Schildknecht, *T. S. Williams; SOUTH CAROLINA: R. T. Arbogast, *L. L. Gaddy, S. W. Hamilton, T. M. Hill, *R. Mancke, *J. C. Morse, P. Nugent, R. S. Peigler, J. Shuler, E. Taylor, M. D. Taylor, *J. W. McCord; TENNESSEE: M. Furr, *J. A. Hyatt, A. Showalter, *C. N. Watson, Jr.; VERMONT: C. W. Freeman, Jr.; VIRGINIA: *R. A. Anderson, J. M. Coffman, *C. V. Covell, Jr., W. H. Hartgroves, J. A. Hyatt, *L. Koehn, S. S. Nicolay, *R. & J. Simpson, *R. H. Smith, C. Tufts, C. N. Watson, Jr., D. A. West; WEST VIRGINIA: *T. Allen, *L. Butler, W. H. Hartgroves; WISCONSIN: J. A. Ebner, *L. A. Ferge, *F. Karpuleon (deceased), *R. M. Kuehn, G. Holbach, R. Leary

(* = provided significant number of records)
Persons who gave data for several states

R. A. Anderson, G. Balogh, J. Brewer, F. S. Chew, C. V. Covell, Jr., M. Furr, L. P. Grey, P. H. Hammond, D. Hess, J. Ingraham, M. L. Israel, F. Karpuleon (deceased), R. O. Kendall, L. Koehn, G. O. Krizek, V. P. Lucas (deceased), M. Minno, M. Monica, S. J. Mueller, P. A. Opler, H. Pavulaan, R. K. Robbins, D. F. Schweitzer, R. H. Smith, R. E. Stanford, W. H. Wagner, Jr., W. D. Winter.

Additional persons who provided county records are listed in the acknowledgments section of the Peterson Field Guide to Butterflies of Eastern North America (Opler and Malikul, 1992).

Butterflies of Western USA and Northern Mexico (Stanford and Opler)

We received data from over 320 individuals, reviewed over 300 books and scientific papers, and examined material in nearly every public and private collection in western North America and a few major Eastern ones (see next paragraph). This research will continue. The following list includes only those who contributed over 10 data points, and major publication authors (see References). First, we wish to thank our family members who have provided support in many ways in addition to specific records: Katharine, Sandra (deceased), Nora, Tim, Chris, Linda, Scott, Laura, Dwight, Maxine (deceased), Dorris (deceased), Gail, Margot, Bill, Winifred, and a few faithful dogs who mainly got in the way. And unnamed friends, students, birders, 4-H members ad infinitum. We thank all contributors, but especially the following observers, collectors, curators, and authors, some of whom are no longer living: J.K. Adams, B. K. Akey, C.Albright, C.C. Albright, R.J. Albright, V.Albu, D.E. Allen, R.L. Allen, A.C. Allyn, Jr., G.G. Anweiler, R.A. Arnold, G.T. Austin, J.S. Bach, K.C. Bagdonas and his students, R.A. Bailowitz, J.H. Baker, N.W. Baker, G.J. Balogh, D.L. Barlow, D.L. Bauer, J.Belicek, E.L. Bell, P.F. Bellinger, L.D. Beutler, C.D. Bird, T.B. Blevins, J.J. Bowe, M.D. Bowers, D.E. Bowman, K.Bowman, G.Bowser, J.H. Brandt, R.W. Breedlove, R.Breitbach, J.Brewer, C.A. Bridges, B. B. Brinkman, J.P. Brock, F.M. Brown, J.W. Brown, K.S. Brown, K.W. Brown, J.M. Burns, G.W. Busby, R. C. Busby, V.F. Calkins, C. J. Callaghan, S.J. Cary, R.Chehey, F.H. Chermock, R.L. Chermock, F. S. Chew, J.R. Christensen, J.Chu, H.H. Chuah, J.F.G. Clarke, H.K. Clench, T.D.A. Cockerell, J.J. Coleman, J.A. Comstock, P.J. Conway, K.R. Coolidge, C.V. Covell, Jr., R.Coyle, L.Crabtree, F.C. Cross, C.R. Crowe, D.A. Currutt, N.S. Curtis, C. Dammers, N.E. Dankert, K.Davenport, W.R. Dawes, J.DeBenedictis, T.S. Dickel, T.E. Dimock, Y.P. Dion, J.P. Donahue, E.J. Dornfeld, C.F. dosPassos, M.G. Douglas, M.M. Douglas, J.C. Downey, J.F. Doyle, W.L. Doyle, C. J. Durden, S. K. Dvorak, P. L. Eades, H. E. Edgecomb, W. H. Edwards, J. D. Eff, P. R. Ehrlich, D. L. Eller, S. L. Ellis, M. J. Elrod, C. A. Ely and his associates, J. F. Emmel, T. C. Emmel, M. Epstein, P.Eriksson, T. Escalante, W. H. Evans, D. K. Faulkner, K. M. Fender, D. J. Ferguson, C. D. Ferris, G. H. Field, W. D. Field, M. S. Fisher, R. A. Fisher, Jr., J. P. Fitter, G. S. Forbes, S. A. Fratello, H. A. Freeman, T. P. Friedlander, E. A. Froemel, L. F. Gall, R. C. Gardner, J. S. Garth, W. J. Gertsch, G. B. Gier, C. F. Gillette, C. P. Gillette, K. Goeden, C.Goodpasture, G. A. Gorelick, M. Graves, W. W. Gregory, L. P. Grey, B. M. Griffin, F.Grinnell, Jr., D. R. Groothuis, J. D. Gunder, C. S. Guppy, J. E. Hafernik, C.Hageman, W. A. Hammer, P. C. Hammond, W. S. Hammond, K. C. Hansen, C. Lawson, C. F. Harbison, R. L. Hardesty, G. J. Harjes, C. E. Harp, L. N. Harris, J. L. Harry, W. A. Hedges, J. R. Heitzman, C. J. Henne, J. B. Heppner, P. J. Herlan, D. F. Hess, J. I. Hetzler, E. B. Higgins, L. G. Higgins, J. Hinchliff, R. W. Hodges, R. W. Holland, W. J. Holland, F. E. Holley, R. R. Hooper, W. Hovanitz, M. L. Howard, W. H. Howe, J. P. Hubbard, P. Hubbell, R. L. Huber, K. C. Hughes, C. Ingham, R. J. Jae, D. W. Jenkins, S. G. Jewett, J. M. Johnson, K. Johnson, S. A. Johnson, J. Johnstone, K. Jordan, J.C. Jordison, P. M. Jump, J. A. Justice, F. H. Karpuleon, A. J. Kean, L. C. Keenan, R. V. Kelson, R. O. Kendall, H. E. Kingery, P. Klassen, P. K. Kleintjes, R. L. Klopshinske, A.B. Klots, W. E. Knoshaug, E. C. Knudson, S.J. Kohler, N. G. Kondla, B. C. Kondratieff, H. F. Koopmann, D. C. Kritsky, N.L. LaDue, B. H. Landing, J. Lane, R. L. Langston, U.Lanham, R.J. Lavigne, D.D. Lawrie, R. A. Layberry, D. Leatherman, I. Leeuw, S. R. Leffler, J. A. Legge, R. H. Leuschner, R. A. Leussler, A. W. Lindsey, J.Llorente-Bousquets, A. F. Ludtke, F. E. Lutz, M. Lutz, C. D. MacNeill, R. W. Macy, T.R. Manley, J. H. Manning, G. M. Marrone, N. L. Marston, L. M. Martin, J. H. Masters, B.Mather, R. H. T. Mattoni, S. O. Mattoon, J. T. McBurney, T. L. McCabe, J.McCaffrey, D.V. McCorkle, J. H. McDunnough, W. W. McGuire, M.L. McInnis, S.S. McKown, T. L. Mead, J.R. Merritt, R.P. Meyer, J. Michaels, J. Y. Miller, L. D. Miller, S. E. Miller, W. C. Minor, J. I. Minow, A. H. Moeck, J. Mouw, J. R. Mori, R.Mosbacker, R. C. Mower, S. J. Mueller, D.Mullins, E.G. Munroe, D. D. Murphy, V.Nabokov, C. D. Nagano, H. W. Nash, J. M. Nelson, S.M. Nelson, E. J. Newcomer, R. J. Niedrach, J. S. Nordin, P.Nordin, J.Oberfoell, C. Odegard, J.L. Odor, B.A. O'Hara, C. G. Oliver, Opler family, L.J. Orsak, E.J. Oslar, D.K. Parshall, W.D. Patterson, R.S. Peigler, J.P. Pelham, E.M. Perkins, Jr., S. P. Perkins, A. Peters, K.W. Philip, W. L. Phillips, D.E. Phillipson, E.M. Pike, A.P. Platt, M.G. Pogue, R.L. Post, J.A. Powell, G.F. Pratt, S. J. Prchal, F. W. Preston, J.D. Preston, R.A. Price, R. C. Priestaf, R.A. Pudim, R.M. Pyle, T.L. Pyle, C.S. Quelch, R.A. Rahn, J.Reichel, H. V. Reinhard, W. J. Reinthal, J.M. Reiser, C. L. Remington, P. S. Remington, J.J. Renk, J.L. Richards, M.A. Rickard, J. C. Rigli, F. H. Rindge, P. C. Ritterbush, J. B. Robb, R. K. Robbins, H.G. Rodeck, K. Roever, R. C. Rosche, B. Rotger, L. W. Rothschild, R.A. Royer, A. H. Rubbert, P. S. Russell, P.J. Savage, L.Schellbach, C.D. Schryver, G.R. Scott, J.A. Scott, S.H. Scudder, C.A. Sekerman, O.E. Sette, A.M. Shapiro, J.H. Shepard, A.O. Shields, G.Shier, D.F. Shillingburg, R. J. Skalski, C. P. Slater, A. C. Smith, M.J. Smith, J.M. Snider, A.J. Snyder, F.H. Snow, S.W. Sommerfeld, O.D. Spencer, F.A.H. Sperling, S.M. Spomer, D.B. Stallings, Stanford family, J.Steiner, S.R. Steinhauser, G.Stephens, R.F. Sternitzky, G.A. Sutton, A.W. Swengel, W.L. Swisher, O. R. Taylor, Jr., G. D. Thayer, P.M. Thompson, F. T. Thorne, D.Threatful, K.B. Tidwell, J.W. Tilden, N.B. Tindale, M. E. Toliver, P.M. Tuskes, H.A. Tyler, T.E. Valente, R. H. Vanderhoff, J.B. Vernon, B.Vogel, E.G. Voss, D. L. Wagner, W.H. Wagner, Jr., J.B. Walsh, A. D. Warren, E.A. Webb, B.H. Weber, W.A. Weber, W.F. Wehling, J.D. Weintraub, R.E. Wells, W.H. Whaley, W.L. Wheaton, R. R. White, B. D. Williams, E. H. Williams, F.X. Williams, R. C. Williams, Jr., K. H. Wilson, R. G. Wind, W. D. Winter, Jr., J.Woodgate, R. J. Wooley, D. M. Wright, W.G. Wright, W. S. Wright, R.J. Wuttken, M. E. Young, J. D. Zeligs, W. L. Zemanek, J. B. Ziegler. We also thank Evi Buckner, Braxton Lathrop, and Linda Stanford for the artwork, and finally Susan Berg and her staff for seeing the final product thorugh the press.

Museum collections examined by one or both of us for Western records include the following (some several years ago, and we plan future visits; a few other collections were examined by others acknowledged above:

* Allyn Museum of Entomology, University of Florida, Sarasota, Florida
* American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
* California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
* Canadian National Collection, Ottawa
* C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Biodiversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
* Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado
* Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley
* Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois
* Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville
* Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign
* Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California
* Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
* National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
* Nevada State Museums, Carson City and Las Vegas, Nevada
* Ohio State University, Columbus
* Oregon State University, Corvallis
* Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario
* San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California
* University of Colorado Museum, Boulder
* University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
* University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
* University of Wyoming, Laramie

Contributors of Moth Data

The maps and images of North American moths are the result of information contributed by hundreds of individuals, particularly scientists and amateur (paraprofessional) lepidopterists who have made available data from their institutional or personnel collections or coordinators of state or regional databases. To appreciate the amount of effort made available, one can consider at least 100's if not 1000's of hours of effort expended by each person whose name is mentioned. In the case of state or regional coordinators, each person listed may represent tens or hundreds of other persons who contributed data.

The names are listed for each of the projects that made up the overall database on the website.

Subfamily Heliothentinae of the Noctuidae, Owlet Moths
Data contributed by Chuck Harp, Littleton, Colorado. Mailing address: 8834 W. Quarto Ave. Littleton, CO 80128

Subfamilies Catocalinae, Hadeninae and Noctuinae of the Noctuidae, Owlet Moths
Data contributed by Dr. Michael Pogue, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C.

Distribution of Saturniidae of Western North America
The following individuals generously provided locality records at our request for the first edition and we wish to thank them for their invaluable contributions: Ray Albright, Donald E. Bowman, Clifford D. Ferris, Paul Hammond, Richard C. Holland, Roy O. Kendall, Edward C. Knudson, Boris C. Kondratieff, Robert L. Langston, Claude Lemaire, David V. McCorkle, Noel McFarland; Stephanie McKown, Raymond W. Neck, Harold Rice, Richard C. Rosche, Patrick J. Savage, Jon H. Shepard, Michael J. Smith, Steven Spomer, Ray E. Stanford, Stephen E. Stone, Andrew D. Warren, Michael J. Weissmann, and Kirby L. Wolfe.

We thank curators in the following institutions for access to material under their care: Biosystematics Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario; Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska; C.P. Gillette Museum of Insect Biodiversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins; Denver Museum of Natural History, Colorado; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois; James Entomology Collection, Washington State University, Pullman; Kearney State College, Kearney, Nebraska; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C.; Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Oregon State University, Corvallis; Pikes Peak Research Station, Florissant, Colorado; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto; University of Colorado, Boulder; University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Davis; University of Kansas; Lawrence; W.F. Barr Collection, University of Idaho, Moscow.

Jon H. Shepard recorded data from private collections and institutions in the Pacific Northwest and graciously provided them for use in this atlas. We gratefully acknowledge the individuals and collections who provided data to Mr. Shepard.

Distribution of Sphingidae of Western North America

The following institutional collections were consulted for specimen data for this study: Albertson College of Idaho, Caldwell; Boise State University, Boise, Idaho; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento; Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska; Colorado State University, Fort Collins; Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado; Kearney State College, Kearney, Nebraska; Nevada State Museum and Historical Society, Las Vegas; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces; Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem; Oregon State University, Corvallis; Pikes Peak Research Station, Florissant, Colorado; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, California; San Jose State University, San Jose, California; United States Natural History Museum, Washington, D.C.; University of Arizona, Tucson; University of California, Berkeley; University of California, Davis; University of Colorado, Boulder; University of Idaho, Moscow; University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Utah State University, Logan; Washington State University, Pullman.

Information based on specimens from collections curated by the following individuals were consulted: George Austin, Las Vegas, Nevada; Andre Blanchard (deceased), Houston, Texas; Don bowman, Golden, Colorado; Jim Brock, Tucson, Arizona; Neil Dankert, Kearney, Nebraska; Scott Ellis, Fort Collins, Colorado; Clifford Ferris, Laramie, Wyoming; Greg Forbes, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Chuck Harp, Littleton, Colorado; Richard Holland, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Roy Kendall, San Antonio, Texas; Ed Knudson, Houston, Texas; Robert Langston, Kensington, California; Douglas Long (deceased), North Dakota; David McCorkle, Monmouth, Oregon; Stephanie McKown, Camas, Washington; Noel McFarland, Hereford, Arizona; Stephen Miller, Grass Valley, California; Raymond Neck, Houston, Texas; John Nelson, Tulsa, Oklahoma; William D. Patterson, Sacramento, California; Kelly Richers, Bakersfield, California; Richard Rosche, Chadron, Nebraska; David Russell, Davis, California; Jon Shepard, Nelson, British Columbia; Jeffrey Smith, Rocklyn, California; Michael Smith, Roseville, California; Stephen Spomer, Lincoln, Nebraska; Ray Stanford, Denver, California.

Distribution of Saturniidae and Sphingidae of Eastern North America

I wish to thank the following individuals who provided information on the regional occurrence of eastern U.S. and eastern Canadian hawkmoths and silkmoths: James K. Adams, Dalton, Georgia; Tom Allen, Elkins, West Virginia; Michael Beohm, Thomaston, Georgia; Robert Burnett, New York; Linda Butler, Morgantown, West Virginia; Matthew Jason Call, Ganby, Connecticut; Everett D. Cashatt, Springfield, Illinois; Paul Cavalonte, New York; Charles V. Covell, Jr., Louisville, Kentucky; R. Dirig, Ithaca, New York; Andrew Douglass, Traverse City, Michigan; Christopher Douglas, Traverse City, Michigan; John F. Douglass, Toledo, Ohio; Leslie A. Ferge, Middleton, Wisconsin; Richard C. Fleming, Olivet, Michigan; Ed Fuller, Edmonton, Alberta; George Godfrey, Haskell, Oklahoma; Thomas Greager, Greensburg, Pennsylvania; Steve Greenfield, Dougherty County, Georgia; Frank Gregus, New Jersey; A.J. Hanks, Aurora, Ontario; W. Houtz, Pine Grove, Pennsylvania; Steven Johnson, Sunbury, Pennsylvania; Boris C. Kondratieff, Fort Collins, Colorado; Steven Krauth, Madison, Wisconsin; George O. Krizek, Washington, D.C.; James J. Kruse, Kewaskum, Wisconsin; W.B. McKillop, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Stephanie McKown, Camas, Washington; Peter May, Florida; Jim Mouw, Iowa Falls, Iowa; John C. Morse; Troy Payne, Charlottesville, Virginia; R.A. Raguso, New Jersey; Ron Rockwell, Kentucky; Daniel Sblendorio, Middletown, New Jersey; Arthur Sciaulino, Eatontown, New Jersey; John Snyder, Greenville, South Carolina; Robert Spevak, Michigan City, Indiana; Rob Stevenson, Massachusetts; Theodore N. Taft, Fredonia, New York; Jim Taylor, Savannah, Georgia; A.W. Thomas, Fredericton, New Brunswick; James P. Tuttle, Troy, Michigan; Dr. and Mrs. R.A. Valerio, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan; Jeanne Van Houten, Ellisville, Mississippi; David L. Wagner, Storrs, Connecticut; Robert Weast, Johnston, Iowa; Benjamin D. Williams, III, Pomfret Center, Connecticut; Bob Woodward, St. Paul, Minnesota; Amy Bartlett Wright, Rhode Island; Chris A. Young, Angola, Indiana.

Data were collected from the following institutional collections: Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina; Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois; Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois; Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State, Mississippi; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; Oregon State University, Corvallis; Strickland Museum, University of Alberta, Edmonton; University of Colorado, Boulder; University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Minnesota, St. Paul; University of Nebraska, Lincoln; University of Northern Michigan; University of Wisconsin, Madison; West Virginia Department of Agriculture, Charleston; West Virginia University, Morgantown; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Special thanks to A.D. Warren for recording data from the Cornell University Insect Collection and Leonard Munstermann for providing data from the Peabody Natural History Museum at Yale University.

The Zoology Department of the Nature Conservancy allowed collection of data from several eastern U.S. museums and compilation of the atlas.

Distribution of Arctiidae of Western North America.

We examined Arctiidae material at the following museums and thank the curators for their kindness and efforts on our behalf: American Museum of Natural History (James S. Miller); California Academy of Science (Ron Robertson), Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska (Richard C. Rosche), Colorado State University, Fort Collins (Boris Kondratieff); Denver Museum of Natural History (Richard Peigler); Hays State University, Hays, Kansas (Charles Ely), National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (Douglas C. Ferguson); Natural History Museum, London (Philip Ackery); Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (Julian Donahue); New Mexico State University (Greg Forbes); Oregon State University, Corvallis (Paul Hammond), Pikes Peak Research Station, Florissant, Colo. (Boyce Drummond); Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto (Christopher Darling); University of California, Berkeley (Jerry A. Powell); San Jose State University (Ronald E. Stecker); University of California, Davis (Robert Schuster-deceased); University of Colorado (Virginia Scott); University of Nebraska, Lincoln (Brett Ratcliffe); and University of Wyoming, Laramie (Scott Shaw); and Yale University, New Haven (Lawrence Gall).

We thank the following individuals for permitting us to include data from their private collections or for other assistance: James K. Adams, Dalton, Georgia; Donald E. Bowman, Golden, Colo.; Lars Crabo, Bellingham, Wash.; Charles Ely, Nacogdoches, Texas; Clifford D. Ferris, Laramie, Wyo.; Chuck Harp, Golden, Colo.; Richard Holland, Albuquerque, N. Mex.; Samuel A. Johnston, Colorado Springs, Colo.; Roy O. Kendall, San Antonio, Tex.; Edward C. Knudson, Houston, Texas; Ronald Leuschner, Manhattan Beach, Calif.; Stephanie McCown, Camas, Wash.; Noel McFarland, Sierra Vista, Ariz.; Robert C. Mower, Orem, Utah; Scott Miller, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii; Ray B. Nagle, Tucson, Ariz.; John Nordin, Laramie, Wyo.; Richard C. Rosche, Chadron, Nebr.; Jon Sheppard and contributors, Nelson, Brit. Col.; Charles Slater, Denver, Colo.; Ray E. Stanford, Denver, Colo.; Andrew J. Warren, Littleton, Colo.

John Rawlins, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, provided records for the genus Bertholdia. Donald E. Bowman allowed specimens in his collection to be photographed for part 2 and provided advice on difficult taxonomic questions.