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Personal Protective TechnologyOutputs: ProductsDermalHealth hazard evaluation report: HETA-2007-0263-3069, report on respiratory and dermal conditions among machine shops workers, Superior Industries International, Inc., Pittsburg, Kansas Authors: Cummings-KJ; Boylstein-RJ; Cox-Ganser-J; Source NIOSH 2008 Jul; :1-52 Development of an improved strategy for the derivation of skin notations Authors: Dotson-G; Maier-A; Gadagbui-B; Geraci-CL Source Toxicologist 2008 Mar; 102 (1): 202 NIOSHTIC-2 Publication 20033553 Workplace Solutions: Personal Protective Equipment for health care workers who work with hazardous drugs Authors: Connor-TH; Reed-LD; Polovich-M, McDiarmid-MA; Leone-MM; Power-LA; Whalen-JJ; Source NIOSH 2008 Oct; : 1-4 Link: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2009-106/ NIOSHTIC-2 Publication No. 20034646 Abstract Health care workers who handle hazardous drugs are at risk of skin rashes, cancer, reproductive disorders. NIOSH recommends that employers provide appropiate personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect workers who handle hazardous drugs in the workplace. Estimating the permeation resistance of nonporous barrier polymers to sulfur mustard (HD) and Sarin (GD) chemical warfare agents using liquid simulants Authors: Rivin-D; Shuely-WJ; Palya Jr-F; Lindsay-RS; Rodriguez-A; Bartram-PW; Source NIOSH 2008 Jul:1-100 Link: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2008-141/ NIOSHTIC-2 Publications No. 20034609 Abstract The purpose of this document is to report the results of the NIOSH Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Simulant Project that had the following goals: 1.) Identify chemicals (simulants) that simulate the permeation of Sarin (GB) and sulfur mustard (HD) through elastomeric barrier materials that are commonly used in respirators. 2.) Develop a convenient and reliable laboratory procedure (test method) that can be used by Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) manufacturers for estimating GB and HD permeation rates through barrier materials using the simulants. PPE manufacturers can use this method to screen and deselect candidate barrier materials during product development testing. Advancements in this research can benefit the first responder community by providing PPE manufacturers with information and testing techniques that will reduce the time and resources needed to engineer products that weigh less, have better permeation resistance, are less cumbersome, and could potentially be less expensive. Review of chamber design requirements for testing of personal protective clothing ensembles Authors Gao-P; King-WP; Shaffer-R, Source J Occup Environ Hyg 2007 Aug; 4(8):562-571 External Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620701448416 NIOSHTIC-2 Publication No. 20032558 Abstract. This review focuses on the physical requirements for conducting ensemble testing and describes the salient issues that organizations involved in the design, test, or certification of personal protective equipment (PPE) and protective clothing ensembles need to consider for strategic planning. Several current and proposed PPE ensembles test practices and standards were identified. The man-in-simulant (MIST) is the primary procedure used by the military to evaluate clothing ensembles for protection against chemical and biological warfare agents. MIST has been incorporated into the current editions of protective clothing and equipment standards promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). ASTM has recently developed a new test method (ASTM F 2588-06) for MIST evaluation of protective ensembles. Other relevant test methods include those described in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. The primary differences among the test methods were the choice of test challenge material (e.g., sulfur hexafluoride, methyl salicylate, sodium chloride particles, corn oil, flourophore-impregnated silica) and the exercise protocol for the subject(s). Although ensemble test methods and standards provide detailed descriptions of the test procedures, none give specific requirements for chamber design. A literature survey identified 28 whole-body exposure chambers that have been or could potentially be used for testing protective clothing ensembles using human test subjects. Medium chamber size, medium floor space, and medium volume per subject were calculated from 15 chambers (involving human test subjects), where size information is available. Based on the literature survey of existing chambers and the review of the current and proposed standards and test methods, chamber design requirements will be dictated by the test methods selected. Due to widely different test conditions for aerosol/particulate and vapor ensemble testing, it is unlikely that a single chamber could accomodiate all types of ensemble testing. With increasing use of the MIST protocol by NFPA for CBRN certification of structural firefighting gear and protective ensembles for first responders, the need for MIST laboratory capability is clear. However, existing chambers can likely be adapted to accommodate MIST with some modifications. Permeation Calculator Version 2.4 Review of chamber design requirements for testing of personal protective clothing ensembles. Assessment of personal protective equipment needs of first responders during a structural collapse event. Change in permeation parameters and the decontamination efficacy of three chemical protective gloves. Change in tensile properties of neoprene and nitrile gloves after repeated exposure to acetone and thermal decontaminations. Application of colorimetric indicators and thermo-hand method to determine base permeation through chemical protective gloves. Change in tensile strength and ultimate elongation of neoprene and nitrile gloves after repeated exposures to acetone and thermal decontaminations. The thermo-hand method: evaluation of a new indicator pad for acid permeation of chemical protective gloves. Federal government regulation of occupational skin exposure in the USA. InhalationDu L, Zhuang Z, Guan H, Xing J, Tang X, Wang L, Wang Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Su W, Benson S, Gallagher S, Viscusi D, Chen W [2008]. Head and face anthropometric survey of Chinese workers. Ann Occup Hyg 52(8): 773-782. Zhuang Z, Groce D, Ahlers H, Iskander W, Landsittel D, Guffey S, Benson S, Viscusi D, Shaffer R [2008]. Coorelation between respirator fit and respirator fit test panel cells by respirator size. J Occup and Environ Hyg, 5:10, 617-628. Multivapor: Multivapor Version 2.1.3 - Valid through December 31, 2009. Estimating service lives of air-purifying respirator cartridges for reactive gas removal. OSHA respirator program requirements: How does your program measure up? Results of focus groups on respirator use and practices among road and transportation builders. Estimating service lives of organic vapor respirator cartridges for multiple vapors at all humidities. A survey of private sector respirator use in the United States: An overview of findings. The effect of subject characteristics and respirator features on respirator fit. Head-and-face anthropometric survey of U.S. respirator users. Respirator fit testing practices in the U.S. Evaluating the representativeness of the LANL respirator fit test panels for the current U.S. civilian workers. Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: Literature review and research needs. Measurement of Freon-113 exposure dose in exhaled breath samples using GC/MS with preconcentration. Estimating service lives of organic vapor cartridges II: A single vapor at all humidities. Anthropometric survey of respirator users. The effect of ambient aerosol concentration and exercise on portacount quantitative fit factors. American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Expo, May 8-13, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia. Fairfax, VA: Am Ind Hyg Assoc 2004 83. Respirator user instructions and NIOSH approval labels: Are they understood and used? American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Expo, May 8-13, 2004, Atlanta, Georgia. Fairfax, VA: Am Ind Hyg Assoc 2004 83. Inhaled carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in three escape hood respirators during rest and exercise. Usefulness of respirator manufacturer user's instructions and NIOSH approval labels. The effect of ambient aerosol concentration and exercise on Portacount quantitative fit factors. Usefulness of respirator manufacturer user's instructions and NIOSH approval labels. Breakthrough: Single vapor version 3.0.2 (2005 Jan; CD-ROM) Breakthrough: Single vapor beta version 3.0.0 (2004 Jan; CD-ROM) Which substances prompt respirator use? Correlation between quantitative fit factors and workplace protection factors measured in actual workplace environments at a steel foundry. Comparison of six quantitative fit test methods using full facepiece respirators with a measurement of exposure. Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: part III—validation. Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: part I - protocol development. Comparison of six respirator fit-test methods with an actual measurement of exposure in a simulated health care environment: part II - method comparison testing. Respirator fit testing. Quantitative fit-testing of N95 Respirators: Part II--results, effect of filter penetration, fit-test, and pass/fail criteria on respirator performance. Comparison of two newly developed methods for fit testing N95 Respirators. InjuryEyeEye Safety - Emergency Response & Disaster Recovery en español. Eye Protection for Infection Control. Eye Safety Tool Box Talk Contact Lens Use in a Chemical Environment Observed versus reported behaviors and a theoretically-based eye injury intervention for carpenters. Theoretically-based eye injury prevention messages: Working with carpenters. HearingFirearms and hearing protection. Best practices, international standards, and legislations regarding chemical exposure in the workplace and the risk of hearing loss. Noise and hearing protection for drillers. Working in noise with a hearing loss: perceptions from workers, supervisors, and hearing conservation program managers. Hearing loss in the mining industry: overview of the NIOSH hearing loss prevention program at the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory New system for monitoring exposure to impulsive noise. NIOSH/NHCA best-practices workshop on impulsive noise. Hearing protector device compendium. NIOSH [2003]. Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2002-0131-2898, Fort Collins Police Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1 29. Eartalk - hearing protector and communication system. NIOSH [1994]. The NIOSH Compendium of Hearing Protection Devices. Slips, Trips, and FallsSlips, trips and falls in U.S. hospital workers-detailed investigation. Slip, trip and fall (STF) prevention in health care workers. Suspension tolerance in men and women wearing safety harnesses. Footwear effects on workers' instability in a virtual roof workplace. Constructing new harness fit charts using 3-D anthropometric information. Slips, trips, and falls in hospital workers - pilot outcomes. Anthropometric procedures for design decisions: from flat map to 3-D scanning. Quantitative assessment of human body shape using Fourier analysis. A case-crossover pilot study of slips, trips, and falls in health care workers. Sizing and fit of fall-protection harnesses. Control and perception of balance at elevated and sloped surfaces. Comparing standing balance at real and virtual elevated environments. Anthropometric differences among occupational groups. Occupational slip, trip, and fall-related injuries - can the contribution of slipperiness be isolated? Ergonomics 2001 Oct; 44(13):1118 1137. Improving fall protection harness safety: Contribution of 3-D scanning. Safe work at elevation through virtual reality simulation. Slip and fall: fall protection in construction safety. Nonfatal occupational injuries from slips, trips, and falls among older workers treated in hospital emergency departments, United States 1998. |
NIOSH Program:Personal Protective Technology |
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Page last updated:
December 31, 2008
Page last reviewed: December 31, 2008 Content Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) |
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