The Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) conducts inventories
and collects data regarding the Commonwealth's native
biological diversity. Information is stored in an integrated data management system
consisting of map, manual, and computer files. The PNDI information system is continually
refined and updated to include recently discovered locations and to describe environmental
changes affecting known sites. The goal is to build, maintain, and provide accurate
and accessible ecological information needed for conservation, development planning,
and natural resource management. We are in the process of developing new ways to provide
information and tools over the Internet. Visit us again soon to see what's new!
Methodology
PNHP methodology follows that of Natural
Heritage Network and NatureServe.
This international network links programs in all 50 states, 6 Canadian Provinces,
and 12 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Standard data collection and
transcription procedures are used through the network. Use of consistent methodology
presents an opportunity to assess the status of a given species or natural community
over a broad geographic area across any number of political boundaries. Conservation
strategies can then be developed at the local, state, or national level or may target
an ecological unit.
Species records and associated locational information are initially
gathered from plant and animal specimens maintained in museums, universities, and
personal collections. These data are supplemented by research, publications, and communication
with knowledgeable individuals. Intensive field surveys are conducted to verify historically
known plant and animal sites and to search for previously undocumented locations.
Natural communities can be located through species records or a variety of other sources
including air photos, soil surveys, and geologic maps. Field surveys are then conducted
to identify component species and gather ecological data. Through this science-driven
inventory, vital ecological resources, and sites rich in natural diversity are identified
and monitored for future conservation efforts.
PNHP works with the academic community to validate information and
ensure that the highest possible standards are maintained with regard to accuracy
of data. We rely upon the Pennsylvania Biological Survey for proposed status ranks.
The PBS and others also assist the program by providing review of data and methods.
Biota of Special Concern in Pennsylvania are those classified as Endangered,
Threatened, or Rare as listed by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources,
PA Game Commission, PA Fish and Boat Commission, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
species recommended by the PA Biological Survey. Proposed status is assigned by the
appropriate task force of the Pennsylvania Biological Survey. Natural community types
and geologic features are identified and mapped based on the recommendations of PNHP
ecologists and the Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, respectively.
PNHP is in the process of compiling an authoritative list of species
occurring in Pennsylvania. This is an ongoing, multi-year effort involving many of
the top taxonomic experts on the various species groups listed.
Protection of the Commonwealth's natural heritage can be accomplished
in harmony with our needs to develop and use natural resources. With objective and
accurate data, PNHP can help guide planning and development, while avoiding damage
to unique ecological areas. The Commonwealth has lost at least 192 species of plants
and animals while nearly 500 species have been diminished to endangerment status.
Since 1988, use of PNHP's screening tool the "PNDI" has become routine in most environmental
assessments, and subsequently has prevented losses of species of special concern without
negatively affecting the state's economic growth. PNHP also assists conservation organizations
by providing information so that resources directed toward land acquisition, easements,
and other agreements can be more effectively used to protect significant ecological
resources.
PNHP relies upon information from a wide variety of sources to develop
and sustain the ongoing inventory. Concerned citizens are encouraged to make suggestions
or provide information that will assist with the project. The loss of species and
natural communities is often inadvertent and easily avoidable. The more complete our
information on what exists where, the greater our chances of preventing additional
losses.
NatureServe
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy
PA
Fish and Boat Commission
PA Game Commission
PA Biological
Survey
Bureau of Topographic
and Geologic Survey