Shorebirds, neotropical migrant songbirds, raptors, and marsh birds rely on the Rappahannock River's corridors during the spring and fall migration periods. The Refuge, with help from partners and volunteers, is restoring native grasslands and riparian forests along the River and tributary streams to provide additional habitat for these species. Focal species/species groups for management include bald eagle, forest interior dwelling species (such as wood thrush and Acadian flycatcher), and grassland nesting birds (such as grasshopper sparrow and northern bobwhite).

Throughout its history, the Rappahannock River has nurtured native Americans, our Nation's earliest colonists, and Revolutionary War heros. Today the River continues to sustain many of their direct descendants. Archeological and historic sites are abundant on both sides of the River. The 18th century Bristol Iron Works was located adjacent to the Refuge's Toby's Point Tract, while the Leedstown Resolves, a 1766 protest against the Stamp Act, was signed near the Refuge's Mothershead Tract. Old pilings can still be seen from the days when steamboats made regular stops to pick up produce and passengers for transport to the Port of Baltimore.

Agriculture and forestry remain the predominant land uses and sources for the area's economy, as they have for centuries. Some still make their living on the River, crabbing and fishing, while wildlife recreation and tourism are becoming increasingly important economic engines for the region. As the Refuge grows, it will make increasing contributions to the local culture and economy, as we work with partners to conserve natural resources, improve water quality, and provide compatible, wildlife-dependent recreational opportunities for residents and visitors.