Choosing corn hybrids
What management decision can make a 40 to 50 bushel per acre difference in grain yield without increasing input costs? If you've read the title to this article, you can probably guess the answer: hybrid selection! Hybrid selection is a critical component for achieving high yields and yet is not often given enough attention. Seed prices in Iowa are increasing about $1.30 per acre per year (Figure 1). This increase will continue as more genetic traits and stacks become available. Over the past 30 years, Iowa corn producers have seen a yield gain of 2 bushels per acre per year. Yet today, it is possible to have two hybrids grown in the same field with identical inputs that differ in yield by up to 40 to 50 bushels (Figure 2). Important hybrid characteristics
We must make sure we have a legitimate need before selecting hybrids with them. Information sources: unbiased dataThe primary source of data must come from an unbiased source--one that is not promoting any product or company. Although company and private trials are good sources of data to consider, they should never be the sole source of information used in hybrid selection. Most land-grant universities conduct well-designed, statistically sound, replicated, and randomized hybrid trials. Using current data from university research is especially important because of the short life associated with today's hybrids. Many university agronomists across the Corn Belt affirm that a producer's chance of having a high-yielding hybrid significantly increases if they select a hybrid that performs well across multiple sites and/or years versus one that simply does well on their farm or in a trial somewhere the previous year. The strength of using university results comes from the ability to compare the yield potential of numerous hybrids in multiple locations and multiple seasons. The Iowa State University program is conducted in cooperation with the Iowa Crop Improvement Association. Data are published at the end of the harvest season and on the Web. After midsummer, visit www.croptesting.iastate.edu. Data from 2005 were available last fall. In 2006, the trials will be conducted at 18 locations. Data from each 2006 location will be on the above Web site as soon as statistical analysis is conducted. This is usually only a day or two after the trial is harvested. Producers must be wary of "saving money" in the fall from early hybrid discounts. The potential for profit is much greater if the producer looks at multiple yield results before making any hybrid selections. Diverse hybridsFinally, growing diverse hybrids is imperative! We don't want to plant hybrids that perform similarly across numerous locations. Of course, we must choose hybrids that are consistently high yielding with reasonable grain moisture content, but we don't want hybrids that look identical in all the other traits that we can select for. If three high-yielding hybrids perform the same across several locations in university research, plant only one of them. Yet, if there are differences in genetic traits, maturity, or disease susceptibility, then planting all three of them is a good idea because it spreads your risk and increases the potential for having high yields. This article originally appeared on pages 59-61 of the IC-496 (4) -- March 13, 2006 issue. Updated 02/14/2007 - 1:31pm
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