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Plant Species Lists
Conifers
- Abies balsamea,
Balsam Fir
- Juniperus communis,
Common Juniper, an evergreen shrub
- Larix laricina,
Tamarack, the larch of the northern bogs
- Picea glauca,
White Spruce, the signature spire of the northwoods
- Picea mariana,
Black Spruce
- Pinus banksiana,
Jack Pine
- Pinus resinosa,
Red or Norway Pine,
- Pinus strobus,
Eastern White Pine
- Taxus canadensis,
Northern Yew
- Thuja occidentalis,
White Cedar the cypress of swamp and shore
- Tsuga canadensis, Canadian Hemlock, a northwoods
conifer absent from the BWCA
Deciduous Trees
- Acer rubrum, Red
or Norway Maple,
- Betula papyrifera,
Paper Birch, the white bark canoe birch
- Fraxinus nigra,
Black Ash, the ash of wet places
- Populus balsamifera,
Balsam Poplar
- Populus grandidentata,
Large Toothed Aspen
- Populus tremuloides,
Trembling or Quaking Aspen
- Prunus pensylvanica,
Pin Cherry
- Prunus virginiana,
Choke Cherry
- Salix spp., the willows, more than 15 species occur
in the northwoods
- Sorbus decora, Northern Mountain Ash
- Sorbus americana,
American Mountain Ash
Deciduous Shrubs
- Acer spicatum,
Mountain or Moose Maple, a common understory shrub
- Alnus crispa,
Green Alder
- Alnus incana rugosa,
Hoary, Speckled, or Tag Alder, the alder thicket alder
- Amelanchier,
Juneberry or Serviceberry, a dozen species are found in the
northland
- Aronia melanocarpa, Black Chokeberry
- Betula pumila,
Bog Birch, the shrubby birch of the bogs
- Comptonia peregrina,
Sweet Fern, an aromatic, fern leafed shrub
- Cornus canadensis,
Bunchberry or Dwarf Dogwood, a signature plant of the north
- Cornus rugosa, Round Leaved Dogwood
- Cornus sericea,
Red Osier Dogwood
- Corylus cornuta,
Beaked Hazel, the nut bearing shrub of the north
- Diervilla lonicera,
Low Bush Honeysuckle
- Lonicera canadensis, Fly Honeysuckle, a straggly
shrub of open wood
- Lonicera doica, Climbing Honeysuckle, a woody vine
of forest openings
- Lonicera hirsuta, Hairy Climbing Honeysuckle, ditto
- Myrica gale,
Sweet Gale, the aromatic shrub of water's edge
- Potentilla palustris,
Swamp Cinquefoil, a creeping shrub of watersides
- Prunus pumila, Sand Cherry, a low shrub cherry
- Ribes sp, Currants and Gooseberries
- Rosa blanda, Smooth Rose
- Rosa acicularis,
Prickly Rose
- Rosa arkansana, Prairie Rose
- Rubus pubescens, Dewberry, a trailing relative of
the raspberry
- Rubus sp, Blackberries, ten difficult-to-distinguish
species of bramble
- Rubus parviflorus,
Thimbleberry, the maple leaf bramble of the north
- Rubus strigosus, Wild Red Raspberry, small but delicious!
- Spirea alba, Meadowsweet, a small shrub of watersides
- Viburnum edule,
Highbush Cranberry
Evergreen Shrubs
- Andromeda glaucophylla,
Bog Rosemary, a low waterside heath
- Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi,
Bearberry or Kinnikinnik, a creeping shrublet of drier places
- Chamaedaphne calyculata,
Leatherleaf, an abundant waterside heath
- Chimaphila umbellata,
Pipsisewa, a shrublet of the forest floor
- Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus
- Gaultheria hispidula,
Creeping Snowberry, a tiny leaved, ground clinging shrublet
- Gaultheria procumbens,
Wintergreen, a shrublet of pine woods
- Kalmia polifolia,
Bog Laurel, a low heath of the bogs and watersides
- Ledum groenlandicum,
Labrador Tea, a northern heath of swamp and bog
- Linnaea borealis,
Twinflower, a delicate creeper of the forest floor
- Vaccinium angustifolium,
Late Low Blueberry, the prized wild fruit
- Vaccinium macrocarpon, Large Cranberry, the wild
cousin of the domestic berry
- Vaccinium myrtilloides,
Velvet Leaf Blueberry or Thin Leaf Bilberry
- Vaccinium oxycoccus,
Small Cranberry, a delicate creeper of spagnum mats
- Vaccinium vitis-idaea,
Mountain Cranberry, the American lingonberry
Herbaceous Flowering Plants
- Achillea millefolium, Yarrow
- Acorus americanus,
Sweet Flag, the tangerine scented plant of marsh and bog
- Actaea pachypoda, White Baneberry
- Actaea rubra,
Red Baneberry
- Alisma spp, Water Plantain
- plantago-aquatica,
Water Plantain
- subcordatum, Southern Water Plantain
- trivale, Northern Water Plantain
- Amerorchis rotundifolia, Round Leaf Orchis
- Anaphalis margaritacea, Pearly Everlasting
- Anemone canadensis, Canada Anemone
- Anemone quinquefolia,
Wood Anemone, a colonial white flower of the forest floor
- Antennaria sp, Pussytoes
- microphylla, Little Leaf Pussytoes
- neglecta, Field Pussytoes
- plantaginifolia, Plantain Leaf Pussytoes
- Apocynum androsaemifolium,
Spreading Dogbane
- Aquilegia canadensis,
Wild Columbine
- Aralia hispida, Bristly Sarsaparilla
- Aralia nudicaulis,
Wild Sarsaprilla, a common groundcover of the northern forest
- Arceuthobium pusillum, Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, flowering
parasite of Black Spruce
- Arenaria lateriflora, Sandwort
- Arethusa bulbosa, Swamp Pink, an orchid of floating
sphagnum mats
- Asclepias incarnata,
Swamp Milkweed
- Aster, the Asters, late summer bloomers
- ciliolatus, Fringed Blue Aster
- macrophyllus,
Large Leaf Aster
- ptarmicoides, Upland White Aster
- puniceus, Swamp Blue Aster
- umbellatus, Flattop White Aster
- Astragalus canadensis, Milk Vetch, a legume of dry
places
- Bidens cernua,
Nodding Bur Marigold, also known as Sticktight or Beggers Tick
- Brasenia schreberi,
Water Shield, a unusual floating leaf plant of shallow waters
- Calla palustris,
Wild Calla Lily or Water Arum, a creeping waterside calla
- Callitriche, Water Starwort
- hermaphroditica, Northern Water Starwort
- palustris, Vernal Water Starwort
- Calopogon puchellus, Grass Pink Orchid
- Caltha natans,
Floating Marsh Marigold
- Caltha palustris,
Marsh Marigold, the low yellow marsh flower of early spring
- Calypso bulbosa, Fairy Slipper Orchid
- Campanula spp, Bell Flowers
- aparinoides, White Bell Flower
- rotundifolia, Harebell
- uliginosa, Swamp Bell Flower
- Ceratophyllum demersum,
Common Hornwort
- Chamerion angustifolium,
Fireweed
- Chelone glabra, Turtlehead
- Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Ox Eye Daisy, a European
exotic
- Cicuta
bulbifera, Water Hemlock, a extremely poisonous waterside
plant
- Cicuta maculata,
Spotted Water Hemlock, its toxic cousin
- Cirsium muticum, Swamp Thistle
- Clintonia borealis,
Blue Bead Lily
- Coeloglossum viride, Long Bracted Orchid
- Comandra spp, the Toadflax, parasitic flowering plants
- livida, Northern Bastard Toadflax
- richardsiana, Bastard Toadflax
- Convolvulvus spithameus,Upright Bindweed
- Coptis groenlandica,
Goldthread, a delicate trifoliate groundcover
- Corallorrhiza, Coralroot, parasitic orchids without
green color
- maculata, Spotted Coralroot
- striata, Striped Coralroot
- trifida, Early Coralroot
- Corydalis sempervirens,
Pink Cordalis, a delicate pink flower of rocky places
- Crassula aquatica,
Water Pygmyweed
- Cuscuta gronovii, Dodder
- Cypripedium spp, Ladyslipper Orchids
- acaule, Moccasin Flower
- arietinum, Ram's Head Ladyslipper
- calceolus, Yellow Ladyslipper
- reginae, Showy Ladyslipper
- Drosera intermedia,
Spatula Leaf Sundew
- Drosera rotundifolia,
Round Leaved Sundew, a carnivorous plant of sphagnum bogs
- Elatine spp, Waterworts
- Elodea spp, Waterweeds
- Epilobium spp, the Willowherbs
- coloratum, Purple Leaf Willowherb
- glandulosum, Northern Willowherb
- strictum, Downy Willowherb
- Erigeron strigosus, Common Fleabane
- Eriocaulon aquaticum,
Pipewort, an emergent flower of shallow lake bottoms
- Eupatorium spp,
- maculatum, Joe Pye Weed
- perfoliatum, Boneset
- purpureum, Sweet Joe Pye Weed
- Fragaria virginiana, Wild Strawberry
- Fragaria vesca, Woodland Strawberry, the seedy wild
strawberry
- Galium spp., the Bedstraws
- asparine, Cleavers
- asprellum, Rough Bedstraw
- boreale, Northern Bedstraw
- lanceolatum, Yellow Wild Licorice
- triflorum, Fragrant Bedstraw
- Gentiana spp, the Gentians
- andrewsii, Closed or Bottle Gentian, a blue fall
flower which never opens
- crinita, Fringed Gentian
- Geranium Bicknellii, Common Geranium
- Gnaphalium obtusifolium, Sweet Everlasting
- Goodyera spp, Rattlesnake Plantain Orchids
- repens,
Dwarf Rattlesnake Plantain or Lattice Leaf, small orchids
of pine forests
- tesselata, Greater Rattlesnake Plantain
- Halenia deflexa, Spurred Gentian
- Hepatica americana, Round Lobed Hepatica
- Heracleum lanatum,
Cow Parsnip
- Heuchera richardsonii, Alumroot
- Hieracium spp, the Hawkweeds
- aurantiacum, Orange
Hawkweed or Devil's Paint Brush, a European exotic
- canadense, Common Hawkweed
- scabrum, Rough Hawkweed
- Hippuris vulgaris,
Mare's Tail
- Houstonia longifolia, Common Houstonia, a low herb
of dry sunny places
- Hypericum majus, Common St. Johnswort
- Hypericum virginicum, Marsh St. Johnswort
- Impatiens spp, Jewelweeds or Touch-me-not
- capensis, Spotted Jewelweed
- pallida, Pale Jewelweed
- Iris versicolor,
Blue Flag, the tall blue iris of bog and marsh
- Lathyrus spp, Sweet Peas
- japonicus, Beach
Pea, an exotic
- ochroleucus, Pale Pea or Early Sweet Pea
- venosus, Purple Pea or Wild Sweet Pea
- Lemna spp, the Duckweeds, smallest flowering plants
of the North Country
- Lilium philadelphicum, Wood Lily
- Liparis loeselii, Loesel's Twayblade Orchid
- Listera spp, Twayblade Orchids
- auriculata, Auricled Twayblade
- convallarioides, Broad Leaf Twayblade
- cordata, Heart Leaf Twayblade
- Lobelia dortmanna,
Water Lobelia, an emergent flower of shallow lake bottoms
- Lotus corniculatus,
Bird's Foot Trefoil, an exotic
- Lycopus americanus, American Water Horehound
- Lycopus uniflorus, Common Water Horehound
- Lysimachia, the Loosestrifes
- ciliata, Fringed Loosestrife
- terrestris, Swamp Loosestrife
- thyrsiflora, Tufted Loosestrife
- Maianthemum canadense,
Canada Mayflower
- Malaxis spp, Adder's Mouth Orchids
- monophyllos, White Adder's Mouth
- paludosa, Bog Adder's Mouth
- unifolia, Green Adder's Mouth
- Matricaria maritima,
Scentless Chamomile, an exotic
- Melampyrum lineare, Cow Wheat
- Menyanthes trifoliata,
Buckbean, a common waterside creeper
- Mentha arvensis, Field Mint
- Mertensia paniculata, Tall Lungwort
- Mitella nuda, Naked Mitrewort
- Moneses uniflora,
One Flowered Wintergreen
- Monotropa uniflora,
Indian Pipe, a ghostly white parasite of the forest floor
- Myriophyllum spp, Water Milfoils
- Najas flexilis,
Slender Naiad
- Nuphar spp, Yellow Water Lillies
- advena, Yellow Water Lily
- microphyllum, Least Yellow Water Lily
- rubrodiscum, Lesser Yellow Water Lily
- varigatum, Greater Yellow Water Lily
- Nymphaea spp, White Water Lillies
- leibergii, Leiberg's Water Lily
- odorata, Fragrant White Water Lily
- tetragona, Least White Water Lily
- tuberosa, Tuberous White Water Lily
- Oenothera spp, the Evening Primroses
- biennis, Common Evening Primrose
- parviflora, Small Flowered
- perennis, Sundrops
- Oxalis montana, Woodsorrel
- Parnassia palustris,
Northern Grass of Parnassus
- Petasites spp, Coltsfoot
- frigidus, Early Sweet Coltsfoot
- sagittatus, Sweet Coltsfoot
- Platanthera spp, the Rein Orchids
- clavellata, Small Green Wood Orchid
- dilatata, Tall White Bog Orchid
- hookeri, Hooker's Rein Orchid, a green orchid
of Jack Pine forests
- hyperborea, Tall Northern Bog Orchid
- lacera, Ragged Fringed Orchid
- obtusata, Blunt Leaf Orchid
- orbiculata, Large Round Leaf Orchid
- psycodes, Purple Fringed Orchid
- Pogonia ophioglossoides, Rose Pogonia
- Polygala paucifolia, Fringed Polygala
- Polygonatum spp, Solomon's Seals
- biflorum, Smooth Solomon's Seal
- pubescens, Hairy Solomon's Seal
- Polygonum spp, the Smartweeds
- amphibium, Showy Water Smartweed
- cilinode, Fringed Polygonum Vine
- coccineum, Scarlet Water Smartweed
- natans, Water Smartweed
- Pontederia cordata, Pickerel Weed
- Potamogeton spp, the Pondweeds,
- alpinus, Red Pondweed
- berchtoldii, Small Pondweed
- compressus, Grass Wrack Pondweed
- crispus, Curled Pondweed (exotic)
- epihydrus, Ribbon Leaf Pondweed
- filiformis, Slender-leaved Pondweed
- foliosus, Leafy Pondweed
- friesii, Flat-stalked Pondweed
- gramineus, Grass Leaf Pondweed
- illinoensis, Illinois (Shining) Pondweed
- natans, Broad Leaf Pondweed
- nodosus, Long Leaf Pondweed
- obtusifolius, Blunt Leaf Pondweed
- pectinatus, Fennel Pondweed
- perfoliatus, Perfoliate Pondweed
- praelongus, Long-stalked Pondweed
- pusillus, Lesser Pondweed
- spirillus, Spiral Pondweed
- vaginatus, Sheathed Pondweed
- vaseyi, Vasey's Pondweed
- zosteriformis, Flatstem Pondweed
- Potentilla spp., Cinquefoils
- arguta, Tall Cinquefoil
- norvejica, Rough Cinquefoil
- palustris, Swamp Cinquefoil
- tridentata, Wine Leaf Cinquefoil
- Prenanthes alba, Rattlesnake Root
- Prunella vulgaris, Self Heal, once a popular medicinal
herb
- Pyrola spp, the Pyrolas or Shinleafs
- asarifolia, Pink Shinleaf
- elliptica, White Flowered Pyrola
- minor, Lesser Pyrola
- rotundifolia, Round Leaf Pyrola
- secunda, One Sided Shinleaf
- virens, Nodding Pyrola
- Ranunculus spp, Buttercups
- acris, Meadow Buttercup,
a European exotic
- flammula, Spearwort
- pensylvanicus, Bristly Crowfoot
- Sagittaria, the Arrowheads or Wapato, emergent plants
of the water's edge
- cuneata, Arum Leaf Arrowhead
- graminea, Grassy Arrowhead
- latifolia, Broad Leaf Arrowhead
- rigida, Sessile Fruited Arrowhead
- Sarracenia purpurea,
Purple Pitcher Plant, a carnivorous plant of sphagnum bogs
- Scutellaria spp, the Skullcaps
- epilobiifolia, Common Skullcap
- lateriflora, Mad Dog Skullcap
- Senecio pauperculus, Northern Ragwort
- Sium suave, Water
Parsnip
- Smilacina spp, the False Solomon's Seals
- racemosa, False Solomon's Seal
- stellata,
Starry False Solomon's Seal
- trifolia, Bog False Solomon's Seal or Swamp Seal
- Solidago spp, Goldenrods
- canadensis,
Canada Goldenrod
- graminifolia, Grass Leaf Goldenrod
- hispida, Upland Goldenrod
- juncea, Early Goldenrod
- missouriensis,
Prairie Goldenrod
- rigida, Stiff Goldenrod
- uliginosa, Bog Goldenrod
- Spiranthes ssp, Ladies' Tresses Orchids
- lacera, Northern Slender Ladies' Tresses
- romanzoffiana, Hooded Ladies' Tresses
- Spirodela polyrhiza,
Greater Duckweed
- Stachys palustris, Common Woundwort
- Streptopus roseus,
Rose Twistedstalk, a common plant of the forest floor
- Subularia aquatica,
Water Awlwort
- Thalictrum spp, Meadowrues
- dasycarpum, Tall Meadowrue
- dioicum,
Early Meadowrue
- Trientalis borealis,
Starflower, one of the very few seven petal flowers
- Trillium spp, Trilliums
- cernuum, Nodding Trillium, the trillium of the
boreal forest
- grandiflorum, Large Flower Trillium
- Typha spp, Cattails
- Utricularia, the Bladderworts, free floating insectivorous
plants
- Uvularia spp, Bellworts
- grandiflora, Large Flower Bellwort
- sessilifolia, Sessile Leaf Bellwort
- Valisneria americana, Tape Grass or Wild Celery
- Vicia americana, American Vetch, a common native
legume
- Vicia caracca, Tufted Vetch, an exotic
- Viola spp, Violets
- adunca, Hooked Spur Violet
- blanda, Sweet White Violet
- canadensis, Canada Violet
- cucullata, Marsh Blue Violet
- incognita, White Swamp Violet
- nephrophylla, Northern Bog Violet
- novae-angliae, New England Violet
- pallens, Northern White Violet
- pensylvanica, Smooth Yellow Violet
- pubescens, Downy Yellow Violet
- renifolia,
Kidney Leaf Violet
- rostrata, Long Spurred Violet
- septentrionalis, Northern Blue Violet
- Walsteinia fragarioides, Barren Strawberry
Grasses and Sedges
- Andropogon gerardii, Big Blue Stem
- Carex spp, Sedges
- adusta, Lesser Brown Sedge
- aurea, Golden Sedge
- brevior, Fescue Sedge
- brunnescens, Brown Sedge
- canescens, Silvery Sedge
- crawfordii, Crawford's Sedge
- crinita, Fringed Sedge
- cryptolepis, Northeastern Sedge
- deflexa, Northern Sedge
- deweyana, Dewey Sedge
- disperma, Soft Leaf Sedge
- echinata, Little Prickly Sedge
- foenea, Dryspike Sedge
- gracillima, Graceful Sedge
- houghtoniana, Houghton's Sedge
- intumescens, Bladder Sedge
- lacustris, Lake Sedge
- lasiocarpa, Wool Fruited Sedge
- lenticularis, Tufted Sedge
- leptalea, Bristly Stalk Sedge
- leptonervia, Nerveless Wood Sedge
- limosa, Mud Sedge
- norvegica, Norway Sedge
- oligosperma, Few Seed Sedge
- pauciflora, Star Sedge
- paupercula, Little Sedge
- peckii, Peck's Sedge
- pedunculata, Long Stalk Sedge
- projecta, Beaded Broom Sedge
- retrorsa, Knotsheath Sedge
- rostrata, Beaked
Sedge
- scoparia, Broom Sedge
- stipata, Sawbeak Sedge
- stricta, Upright Sedge
- tenera, Slender Sedge
- trisperma, Three Seed Sedge
- tuckermanii, Tuckerman's Sedge
- umbellata, Parasol Sedge
- vesicaria, Blister Sedge
- vulpinoidea, Fox Sedge
- Dulichium arundinaceum,
Three Way Sedge
- Eleocharis spp, Spike Rushes
- Eriophorum, the Cottongrasses, sedges of the northern
bogs
- angustifolium, Tall Cotton Grass
- gracile, Slender Cotton Grass
- tenellum, Few-nerved Cotton Grass
- vaginatum,
Tussock Cotton Grass
- virginicum, Tawny Cotton Grass
- viridi-carinatum, Thin Leaf Cotton Grass
- Hierochloe odorata,
Sweet Grass
- Juncus spp, the Rushes
- alpinoarticulatus, Northern Green Rush
- arcticus, Arctic Rush
- brevicaudatus, Narrow Panicle Rush
- bufonius, Toad Rush
- effusus, Common Rush
- filiformis, Thread Rush
- nodosus, Jointed Rush
- pelocarpus, Brown Fruited Rush
- tenuis, Slender Rush
- Phragmites communis, Reed grass
- Scirpus spp, the Bulrushes
- acuta, Great Bulrush
- atrovirens, Green Bulrush
- cyperinus, Woolgrass
- microcarpus, Panicled Bulrush
- Sparganium, the Bur Reeds
- americanum, American Bur Reed
- androcladum, Branched Bur Reed
- angustifolium, Narrow Leaf Bur Reed
- emersum, Green Fruit Bur Reed
- erectum, Simple Stem Bur Reed
- eurycarpum, Giant Bur Reed
- fluctuans, Floating Bur Reed
- glomeratum, Clustered Bur Reed
- natans, Small Bur Reed
- Trichophorum
- alpinum, Alpine Bulrush
- cespitosus, Tufted Bulrush
- Zizania aquatica, Wild Rice, the cereal grain of
the north
Non-flowering Plants
- Equisetum, the Horsetails
- Isoetes spp, the Quillworts, lake bottom relatives
of the ancient tree ferns
- Clubmosses
- Mosses
- Hypnum crista-castrensis, Plume Moss
- Pleurozium schreberi,
Schreber's Feathermoss
- Polytrichum commune, Haircap Moss
- Sphagnum, the Sphagnum Mosses, the carpet of the
north
- Lichens
- Ferns
- Adiantum pedatum, Maidenhair Fern
- Asplenium trichomanes,
Maidenhair Spleenwort
- Athyrium filix-femina,
Lady Fern
- Botrychium,
the Grape Ferns
- Cryptogramma stelleri,
Slender Cliff Brake
- Cystopteris
- Dryopteris,
Wood Ferns
- Gymnocarpium,
Oak Ferns
- Matteuccia struthiopteris,
Osterich Fern, the most common of garden ferns
- Onoclea sensibilis,
Sensitive Fern
- Ophioglossum vulgatum,
Adder's Tongue Fern
- Osmunda, the Flowering Ferns
- Pellaea glabella,
Smooth Cliff Brake
- Phegopteris connectilis,
Long Beech Fern
- Polypodium virginianum,
Common or Rock Polypody
- Polystichum, the Holly Ferns
- Pteridium aquilinum,
Bracken Fern
- Thelypteris palustris,
Marsh Fern
- Woodsia, Cliff
Ferns
- Selaginella, the Spike Mosses
- rupestris, Rock Spike Moss
- selaginoides, Mountain Moss
Related Pages
- Flora
- Aquatic Plants, emergent,
floating, and submerged
- Ferns and Fern Allies, the
Ferns, Horsetails, and Clubmosses
- Terrestrial Herbs, the plants
of the forest floor
- Shrubs, from tiny shrublet
to small trees
- Trees, Aspen, Birch, and
Cedar; Spruce, Pine, and Fir
- Fauna
- Birds, Woodpeckers, Owls,
and Chickadees (and the other 7 year round residents)
- Mammals, Moose, Wolf, and
Beaver country
- Reptiles & Amphibians,
in a land of waters, it's mostly frogs
- Fish, Bass, Northern, Walleye,
and Trout - and their finny foodchain
- Invertebrates, Ticks, Flies,
Leaches, and Mosquitos - the welcoming land
- Earth
- Ecology,
- Geology,
- Limnology,
- Sky
- Aurora Borealis,
- Weather & Climate,
Last updated on
13 April, 2004
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