| NFPA members can download free PDF copies of selected One-Stop Data Shop reports. All reports and packages are also available for sale in bound, photocopy format. NFPA members receive a 10% discount off the cover price. To order any report(s), e-mail Nancy Schwartz or call +1 617 984-7450.
Home Fires Involving Heating Equipment
John R. Hall, Jr., January 2009
Cost: $25.00. 139 pages. Order # USS09.
Analysis of patterns and trends in all measures of fire loss for all types of home heating equipment and all fuel and power types, including leading causes of ignition. Also provides data from other countries, safety tips, and published home heating fire incidents.
Abstract: In 2006, heating equipment was involved in an estimated 64,100 reported home structure fires, 540 civilian deaths, 1,400 civilian injuries, and $943 million in direct property damage. In 2006, most home heating fire deaths (73%) and, injuries (43%) and half (51%) of associated direct property damage involved stationary or portable space heaters. Space heating poses a much higher risk of fire, death, injury, and loss per million users than central heating. Comparisons of risk among different types of space heaters or different types of central heating show no clear, consistent, significant differences.
All visitors: Download this report for free. (PDF, 796 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free. (PDF, 124 KB)
All visitors: Download a printable fact sheet on home heating for free. (PDF, 61 KB)
Individual sections for each major type of home heating equipment are available separately:
The Smoking-Material Fire Problem
John R. Hall, Jr., November 2008. 64 pages.
Analysis of fires involving smoking materials (i.e., tobacco products), including recent trends, data from other countries, and what materials are most often ignited.
Abstract: In 2006, there were an estimated 142,900 smoking-material fires in the U.S., up from 135,100 in 2005. These fires resulted in an estimated 780 civilian deaths, 1,600 civilian injuries and $606 million in direct property damage. Upholstered furniture and mattresses and bedding are the first items ignited for most home structure fatal fires started by smoking materials. One out of four fatal victims of smoking-materials is not the smoker whose cigarette started the fire. Fewer fatal smoking-material fires started in living rooms, family rooms, and dens than in bedrooms. In recent years, Canada and three out of four U.S. states, with four-fifths of the U.S. population, have passed legislation requiring that all cigarettes sold be “fire safe,” that is, have sharply reduced ignition strength (ability to start fires), as determined by ASTM Standard E2187-04.
All visitors: Download this report for free (PDF, 257 KB), or download the executive summary and table or contents for free (PDF, 107 KB).
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on smoking materials (PDF, 94 KB).
Fires and Burns Involving Home Medical Oxygen
Marty Ahrens, August 2008
Cost: $25.00 30 pages. Order #USS73
This report includes estimates of emergency room visits for thermal burns and fire department responses to home fires involving medical oxygen. A review of literature on the topic from the fire service and health care sources is included. Policy and regulatory issues are also discussed.
Abstract: According to 2003-2006 data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, home medical oxygen was involved in an average of 1,190 thermal burns seen annually at U.S. emergency rooms. Data from Version 5.0 of the U.S. Fire Administration’s National Fire Incident Reporting System indicate that, in 2002-2005, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated average of 182 home fires per year in which oxygen administration equipment was involved in ignition. Forty-six people per year died in these fires. Smoking is by far the leading factor in these incidents. Several studies suggest that the number of burn injuries associated with home use of medical oxygen has been increasing over time. Fires burn hotter and faster in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. Things also ignite at lower temperatures. Strict requirements regulate the use and storage of medical oxygen in health care facilities, yet few regulations apply in the home environment. Finding the balance between preserving the patient’s privacy and protecting safety is a multi-disciplinary challenge.
All visitors: Download this report for free. (PDF, 224 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary for free. (PDF, 66 KB)
All visitors: Download a printable fact sheet on home medical oxygen for free. (PDF, 44 KB)
All visitors: Download an errata for this report. (PDF, 75 KB)
Home Fires That Began With Mattresses And Bedding
Marty Ahrens, August 2008
Cost: $25.00 60 pages. Order #USS72.
This analysis of the circumstances of home structure fires that began with mattresses and bedding includes trend data, causal factors, and a comparison of mattress and bedding fires started by smoking materials vs. fires started by candles, matches or lighters. Previously published incident descriptions are included in an Appendix.
Abstract: Based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey, NFPA estimates that during 2002-2005, a mattress or bedding was the item first ignited in an average of 11,520 reported home structure fires per year. These fires caused an estimated annual average of 378 civilian deaths, 1,386 civilian injuries, and $357 million in direct property damage. One-fifth of these fires were started by someone playing with fire; another fifth were started by smoking materials. Mattresses and bedding ranked second among items first ignited in home fire deaths. Almost half (44%) of these deaths resulted from fires started by smoking materials.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 406 KB)
All visitors: Download a printable fact sheet on mattresses and bedding for free. (PDF, 172 KB)
Fireworks
John R. Hall, Jr., May 2008. 43 pages.
Injury patterns and trends, including shares by type of fireworks, and fire patterns and trends, based on reports to hospital emergency rooms, and trends in fireworks-related fires. Also includes published incidents.
Abstract: In 2006, 9,200 fireworks-related injuries were treated in U.S. hospital emergency rooms. The trend in fireworks-related injuries has been mostly up since 1996, with spikes in 2000-2001, primarily due to celebrations around the advent of a new millennium, and in 2005.
All visitors: Download this report for free. (PDF, 656 KB)
All visitors: Download a printable fact sheet on fireworks for free. (PDF, 211 KB)
Home Fires That Began With Upholstered Furniture
Marty Ahrens, May 2008
Cost: $10.00. 58 pages. Order #USS56.
This analysis of the circumstances of home upholstered furniture fire includes a comparison of upholstered furniture fires started by smoking materials vs. fires started by candles, matches or lighters, as well as an examination of smoke alarms in home upholstered furniture fires. Previously published incident descriptions are included in an Appendix.
Abstract: Based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey, NFPA estimates that during 2002-2005, upholstered furniture was the item first ignited in an average of 7,630 reported home structure fires per year. (Homes include one- and two-family dwellings, apartments or other multiple family dwellings, and manufactured housing.) These fires caused an estimated annual average of 600 civilian deaths, 920 civilian injuries and $309 million in direct property damage. Upholstered furniture is the leading item first ignited in home fire deaths. Although upholstered furniture fires started by smoking materials have fallen sharply since 1980, smoking materials remain the leading cause of these fires and associated losses.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 266 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary for free. (PDF, 71 KB )
All visitors: Download aprintable fact sheet on upholstered furniture for free. (PDF, 82 KB)
Lightning Fires and Lightning Strikes
Marty Ahrens, January 2008
Cost: $25.00. 38 pages. Order #USS51
This analysis of lightning fires and lightning strikes includes information on incident type, and when and where the incidents occure. Also includes selected published incident descriptions.
Abstract: During the four-year-period of 2002-2005, NFPA estimates that U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated 31,400 fires started by lightning per year. These fires caused an estimated average of 12 civilian deaths, 57 civilian injuries and $213 million in direct property damage per year. These estimates are based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey. Only 16% of reported lightning fires occurred in homes, but these fires caused a majority of the associated losses. Lightning is also a major factor in wildland fires. Most lightning fatalities do not result from fire. Most of these victims were outside when lightning struck.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 174 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on lightning fires and lightning strikes. (PDF, 60 KB)
Home Christmas Tree and Holiday Light Fires
Marty Ahrens, November 2007
Cost: $25.00. 44 pages. Order #USS39
This analysis of home fires beginning with Christmas tress and holiday lights includes information on when these fires occur, area of origin, and causal factors. Also includes selected published incident descriptions.
Abstract: NFPA estimates that Christmas trees, both natural and artificial, were the item first ignited in an estimated average of 210 reported home structure fires per year during the four-year period of 2002-2005. These fires caused an estimated average of 24 civilian deaths, 27 civilian injuries, and $13.3 million in direct property damage per year. These estimates are based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey.
During the same period, holiday lights and other decorative lighting with line voltage were involved in an estimated average of 240 home structure fires per year. These fires caused an average of four civilian deaths, 14 civilian injuries, and $7.5 million in direct property damage per year.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 245 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents. (PDF, 30 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on home Christmas tree and holiday light fires. (PDF, 58, KB)
Home Structure Fires that Began with Decorations
Marty Ahrens, November 2007
Cost: $25.00. 21 pages. Order #USS38
This analysis of home fires beginning with decorations includes information on when these fires occur, area of origin, recent trends and causal factors.
Abstract: During the four-year-period of 2002-2005, NFPA estimates that decorations were the item first ignited in an estimated average of 1,150 reported home structure fires per year. These fires caused an estimated average of three civilian deaths, 56 civilian injuries and $24.8 million in direct property damage per year. These estimates are based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey.
One-quarter of the home structure decoration fires occurred in December. Half of these fires occurred because the decoration was too close to a heat source. Fifty-six percent of these incidents were started by candles. One-quarter started in the living room, family room, or den.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 80 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free. (PDF, 23 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on home structure fires that began with decorations. (PDF, 45 KB)
Home Candle Fires
Marty Ahrens, September 2007
Cost: $25.00 (free to the fire service). 80 pages. Order #PKG34.
This report includes an analysis of causes and trends in home fires involving candles, candle fire frequency in other occupancies, and selected published incident descriptions.
Abstract: Based on data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey, NFPA estimates that candles were the heat source in an estimated average of 20,900 reported home structure fires per year in 2000-2004. (Homes include one- and two-family dwellings, apartments or other multiple family dwellings, and manufactured housing.) These fires caused an estimated average of 200 civilian deaths, 1,790 civilian injuries and $459 million in direct property damage per year. The number of candle fires rose steadily from 1990 to 2001 but have fallen since then. However, the 2004 figure was still 2.5 times more than in 1990. Roughly two-fifths (38%) of these fires started in the bedroom. More than half (54%) of these fires occurred because the candle was too close to something that could burn. Candles used for light appear to pose a greater risk of fatal fire. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has deferred action on a petition from the National Association of State Fire Marshals for mandatory standards for candles and candle accessories to allow more time for ASTM to develop voluntary standards and the effectiveness of the standards to be evaluated.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 286 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents. (PDF, 51 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on candle fires. (PDF, 51 KB)
Intentional Fires and Arson
John R. Hall, Jr, November 2007
Cost: $25.00 (free to the fire service). 50 pages. Order # ATP.
Comprehensive synthesis of NFPA, NFIRS, and FBI data on intentional fires and arson crimes, as well as data from Canada, Japan, and the U.K. Includes overall trends, patterns by size of community, patterns by occupancy, and age profile of arrestees.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 246 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free. ( PDF, 76 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on intentional fires and arson. (PDF, 43 KB)
Intentional Fires in Homes, by Area of Origin
John R. Hall, Jr., January 2008
Cost: $10.00. 8 pages. Order #Index 1317
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 42 KB)
Natural Gas and LP-Gas Home Structure Fires
Jennifer D. Flynn, August 2007
Cost: $25.00. 34 pages. Order #USS45
An analysis of home structure fires in which type of material first ignited was either natural gas or LP-gas, during 2000-2004. Fires are examined by time, day, and month, as well as leading causes, factors contributing to ignition, and extent of flame damage.
Abstract: Natural gas, including methane and marsh gas, was the type of material first ignited in an estimated annual average of 2,410 home structure fires during 2000-2004. These fires resulted in an estimated 43 civilian deaths, 217 civilian fire injuries, and $48 million in direct property damage.
LP-gas, including butane, butane and air mixtures, and propane gas was the type of material first ignited in an estimated annual average of 1,390 home structure fires. These fires resulted in an estimated 23 civilian deaths, 193 civilian fire injuries, and $49 million in direct property damage.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 150 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on natural gas and LP-gas home structure fires . (PDF, 25 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free . (PDF, 14 KB)
Natural Gas and LP-Gas Structure Fires in Properties Other Than Homes
Jennifer D. Flynn, August 2007
Cost $25.00. 42 pages. Order #USS46
An analysis of structure fires in properties other than homes in which type of material first ignited was either natural gas or LP-gas, during 2000-2004. Fires are examined by time, day, and month, as well as leading causes, factors contributing to ignition, and extent of flame damage.
Abstract: Natural gas, including methane and marsh gas, was the type of material first ignited in an estimated annual average of 680 structure fires in properties other than homes during 2000-2004. These fires resulted in an estimated 7 civilian deaths, 36 civilian fire injuries, and $37 million in direct property damage.
LP-gas, including butane, butane and air mixtures, and propane gas was the type of material first ignited in an estimated annual average of 620 structure fires in properties other than homes during the same time period. These fires resulted in an estimated 7 civilian deaths, 63 civilian fire injuries, and $26 million in direct property damage.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 170 KB)
All visitors: Download a free printable fact sheet on natural gas and LP-gas structure fires in properties other than homes . (PDF, 32 KB)
All visitors:Download the executive summary and table of contents for free . (PDF, 18 KB)
Products First Ignited in U.S. Home Fires
Kimberly D. Rohr, April 2005
Cost: $25.00. 137 pages. Order # USS34.
This report looks at the various items that serve as initial fuels for fires in homes broken down into six sub-sections, which provides additional information for specific products. The products included in this report are broken down by reporting year for homes, major cause, factor contributing to ignition, leading equipment involved, and also by heat source. Safety tips are also given.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 483 KB)
All visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free. (PDF, 30 KB)
Individual sections of this report are available separately:
Also available:
Information on gases and flammable and combustible liquids first ignited in U.S. home fires from the report U.S. Home Product Report, Forms and Types of Materials First Ignited, by Kimberly D. Rohr, November 2001. These sections include trend data and five-year averages on fires, civilian deaths, civilian injuries, and direct property damage. Also included is information on specific causes, equipment involved and heat sources. Safety tips are also provided.
Children Playing With Fire
John R. Hall, Jr., March 2005
Cost: $25.00 (free to the fire service). 47 pages. Order # USS17.
Children who play with fire are the subject of this report, which addresses the size of the problem (overall and by property class), data from other countries, what heat sources are most often used, what items are ignited, and ages and other characteristics of victims. Unpublished annual report.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 118 KB)
All Visitors: Download the executive summary and table of contents for free. (PDF, 20 KB)
Home Fires Resulting from Misusing or Mishandling Products or Equipment
Marty Ahrens, October 1998
Cost: $25.00. 100 pages. Order # USS31.
Analysis of specific ignition factors in the misuse of heat of ignition, misuse of material first ignited and operational deficiency categories; lack of maintenance is also included. Equipment involved, form of material first ignited and form of heat of ignition are given for each ignition factor studied. Fire frequency and death and injury rates per 1,000 fires are given for all ignition factors. Unpublished special report.
NFPA members: Download this report for free. (PDF, 310 KB)
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Thursday, January 15, 2009
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