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Children and PCBsHow Behavioral Effects Are Measured in Infants and Children Major sources of PCB exposure in children include eating contaminated food, drinking contaminated water, and breathing contaminated air near some hazardous waste sites or in buildings with old electrical appliances that use PCBs. PCBs accumulate in pregnant womens' bodies and are released during pregnancy, passing through the placenta, and thus exposing fetuses in utero. Infants may also be exposed through nursing; because PCBs dissolve in fat, they can accumulate in the mothers' breast milk and be transferred through breastfeeding. Adverse effects in infants and children include
How Behavioral Effects Are Measured in Infants and ChildrenSome of the tests used to measure infant/child behavioral effects are the Fagan Test of Visual Recognition (also known as the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence), Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), and Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).
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Geometric
Means for PCBs in Humans
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Table 1. PCBs in Humans |
|
Individuals | Range (ppb)* |
Occupational
exposure to PCBs (workers) Nonoccupational exposure and eat PCB-contaminated fish Nonoccupational exposure and do not eat PCB-contaminated fish |
12.0-119.0 2.1-56.0 0.9-15.0 |
*ppb = parts per billion. |
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Link to selected
topics in public health
A collaborative project providing public health professionals with timely, convenient access to information resources to help them improve the health of the public.
Occupational Safety and Health Education and Research Center
Sound Solutions
Deep South Center for Occupational Health
and Safety
Supervising
Lead Abatement Programs.
This course is designed for those responsible for designing, planning,
or conducting lead-based paint, soil, and/or dust abatement. Emphasis
will be placed on safe removal techniques for steel structures and
residential and commercial buildings. 2001 Course Dates: August 2831;
Refresher Date: July 12.
Comprehensive Industrial Hygiene (CHI) Review
Course. This course is designed for practicing industrial
hygienists seeking a review of the field or preparing to take the
American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) core/comprehensive examination.
2001 Course Dates: September 1721.
Building Inspection and Management Planning for Asbestos.
Comprehensive training required for conducting inspections for asbestos-containing
materials and preparing management plans that address asbestos in
public and private schools. Course meets AHERA regulations and has
been granted full approval by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2001 Course Dates: October 2226; Refresher Date:
September 7.
Supervising Asbestos Abatement Projects.
Comprehensive supervisor training as required by AHERA.
Course developed in coordination with and approved by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. 2001 Course Dates: June 1115; Refresher
Date: September 6.
Asbestos Operations and Maintenance.
This course is required under OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101 (k)(9)(v) for
those who perform operations, maintenance, and repair activities involving
asbestos-containing materials or presumed asbestos-containing materials.
This course meets training requirements for Class III operations equivalent
to the 16-hour maintenance and custodial training detailed in the
AHERA regulations. Hands-on workshops will be held. 2001 Refresher
Date: September 19.
Sampling and Evaluating Airborne Asbestos
Dust (NIOSH 582). Accurate determination of the quality
of asbestos in the air is critical to the health of exposed workers.
This 4.5-day course will address state-of-the-art methods for
making that determination as well as the proper way to sample and
analyze for airborne asbestos fibers. 2001 Course Dates: September
2428.
24th Annual Occupational Safety and Health
Summer Institute, Norfolk, Virginia, August 610,
2001. Thirty-six courses will be presented. To review course
descriptions, visit the North Carolina Education and Research Center
Web site at www.sph.unc.edu/osherc/
or call the center at 1-888-235-3320.
September 1214 |
Birmingham, AL |
September
1921 |
Columbia, SC |
October 35 |
Mobile, AL |
October 1719 |
Houston, TX |
October 31November 2 |
Birmingham, AL |
November 79 |
Detroit, MI |
December 57 |
Knoxville, TN |
Audiometric Testing and Hearing Conservation. Course content
includes effects and analysis of noise, parameters of sound, anatomy
and physiology, ear pathology, instrumentation, audiometric technique,
hearing protection and federal and state legislation. Tuition: $495
full course; $200 second-day refresher. 2001 Course Dates: October
35, Ft. Walton Beach, FL; November 79, Birmingham,
AL.
Spirometry Workshop. Objective
is to teach the basics of respiratory anatomy and physiology, lung
volumes, determinants of respiratory flow and explain how the environment
affects the respiratory system. Proper techniques for obtaining valid
spirometric values as defined by NIOSH will be taught. Various types
of spirometers and calibration syringes will be demonstrated and used.
Certificate awarded upon satisfactory completion of the examination.
Tuition: $410 full course; $175 first-day refresher. 2001 Course Dates:
October 12, Ft. Walton Beach, FL; November 56,
Birmingham, AL.
Respirator Fit Testing Workshop.
This 1-day workshop will provide a brief history of respiratory protection
and standards (ANSI, OSHA, NIOSH). Emphasis is placed on respiratory
fit testing, with hands-on including qualitative and quantitative
fit testing procedures. Scholarships are available. Tuition: $125.
2001 Course Date: October 15, Birmingham, AL.
Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene. This five-day program
will cover the basics involved in industrial hygiene for the anticipation,
recognition, evaluation, and control of potential health hazards in
the worksite. This course is geared toward those with minimal formal
training in industrial hygiene. Tuition: $850. 2001 Course Dates:
October 15, Ft. Walton Beach, FL.
Air Sampling for Toxic Substances. This
two and half day program provides a thorough overview on industrial
hygiene air sampling. Exposure assessment, sampling strategies, measurement
methods, and calibration will be covered. Participants will spend
time in hands-on workshops. Scholarships are available. Tuition: $600.
2001 Course Dates: October 13, Fort Walton Beach, FL.
Confined Space Entry and Rescue. This course is intended
to promote safe confined space operations. Compliance with confined
space entry program requirements, as specified in 29 CFR 1910.146,
will be emphasized. Scholarships are available. Tuition: $450. 2001
Course Dates: October 1012, Birmingham, AL.
AHERA Refresher. This course
is designed to re-accredit those who have already taken and passed
an Inspection and/or Management course. Inspectors attend the first
half-day. Management planners must attend full day. Tuition: $85/half
day; $170/full day. 2001 Course Date: October 9, Birmingham, AL.
14th Annual Occupational Medicine Update.
This offering will provide useful and applicable information on current
issues in occupational medicine. Although designed for physicians
practicing in occupational and environmental medicine or general and
family practice, this update will have topics that should be of interest
to the occupational health nurse, safety professional, industrial
hygienist and anyone who has an interest in safety and health at the
workplace. Tuition: $350. 2001 Course Dates: September 2122,
Destin, FL.
September
811, 2001
Children's Environmental Health II: A Global Forum for Action; Georgetown
University Conference Center, Washington, DC. Co-hosted by the Canadian
Institute of Child Health and the U.S. Children's Environmental Health
Network. Contact: Web page: www.cich.ca/global.htm;
or e-mail: scall@magma.ca.
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